Deck 14: Schizophrenia and Related Disorders

Question 1

A friend of yours has just begun to experience strange and unreal sensations and turns to you to discuss them. From a cognitive-behavioral point of view, how would you explain to your friend how schizophrenia might develop from this point on?

Answer 1

not answered

Question 2

A person with schizophrenia cannot complete even the simplest of tasks, is extremely listless, and has no short- or long-term goals. This person is exhibiting _____, or apathy.

Answer 2

avolition

Question 3

Bryce does not exhibit any signs of schizophrenia, but his level of functioning has begun to deteriorate. If Bryce develops schizophrenia, this earlier period will be referred to as the _____ phase.

Answer 3

prodromal

Question 4

Kevin and Ginny met while visiting their respective siblings, who both suffer from schizophrenia, in a mental health inpatient facility. They have had discussions about the challenges of the disorder and the effects on their families. They are both concerned about the likelihood of schizophrenia occurring in their children and in themselves. Kevin is visiting his twin sister, and Ginny is visiting her younger sister. Ginny also has an adopted son whose mother has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and whose father suffered from undiagnosed mental illness and alcoholism. Who-Kevin, Ginny, or Ginny's son-has the highest likelihood of developing schizophrenia, and who has the least likelihood? Explain how you know.

Question 5

One explanation of the causes of schizophrenia is that it results from the interaction between a psychological stimulus and a biological predisposition. This is known as the _____ relationship.

Question 6

A person with schizophrenia who shows almost no emotion at all is exhibiting _____.

Question 7

If you think you are the majority leader of the Senate, but you're not, this can be considered a delusion of _____.

Question 8

What particular symptoms of schizophrenia are most likely to create severe challenges in a work environment?

Question 9

Explain how the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia incorporates both biological and environmental causal factors.

Question 10

Compare and contrast schizophrenia with one other disorder from the spectrum of schizophrenia disorders.

Question 11

If both members of a pair of twins have a particular trait, they are said to be _____ for that trait.

Question 12

Steven is 24 years old and recently moved back in with his parents after two years of living on his own. He has begun to exhibit behaviors that concern his parents. He has become uncommunicative and ignores questions directed at him. He does not seem to care about things that used to interest him and has no appetite. Although most of the time he shows no emotion at all, Steven seems to take pleasure in watching the family cats fight, and he laughed when he overheard a conversation between his mother and a neighbor about the neighbor's miscarriage. Which of these behaviors may be symptoms of schizophrenia? Do Steven's behaviors indicate more positive or more negative symptoms?

Question 13

If you think the radio announcer is talking directly and personally to you and to you alone, this is a delusion of _____.

Question 14

How do research approaches differ among the four biological explanations for schizophrenia (genetic factors, biochemical abnormalities, dysfunctional brain structures and circuitry, and viral problems)?

Question 15

Karin, who has a diagnosis of schizophrenia, frequently sees hundreds of beautiful hummingbirds swarming around her. This symptom is an example of a(n) _____ symptom.

Question 16

Studies investigating how genetic factors can lead to schizophrenia have identified two kinds of biological abnormalities that could conceivably be inherited: _____ abnormalities and dysfunctional brain circuitry.

Question 17

Discuss what studies have shown about gender differences in schizophrenia. How significant are these differences?

Question 18

What is the relationship between schizophrenia and neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin?

Question 19

Compare and contrast the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Then list and describe which positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia affect speech.

Question 20

If you think you are being manipulated by aliens, this can be considered a delusion of _____.

Question 21

What kinds of treatment programs seem to work best for mentally ill chemical abusers (MICAs)?

A) short-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy
B) short-term, individualized, more traditional forms of therapy
C) long-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy
D) long-term, individualized, more traditional forms of therapy

Question 22

Approximately _____ percent of the world population suffers from schizophrenia at some point in their life.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 9
D) 14

Question 23

Rosenhan (1973) did a study of schizophrenia that demonstrated the power of diagnostic _____ in determining how patients with schizophrenia are evaluated and treated.

Question 24

Which is NOT consistent with the most common pattern of schizophrenia?

A) Women develop the disorder earlier and more severely than men.
B) There is a significant risk of suicide attempt-about 25 percent.
C) There is a higher incidence in lower than upper socioeconomic groups.
D) There is about a 1 percent risk of developing schizophrenia in a lifetime, worldwide.

Question 25

Which statement about schizophrenia is true?

A) People with schizophrenia are often misdiagnosed as having dissociative identity disorder.
B) People with schizophrenia hide their symptoms and can generally function well in a variety of contexts.
C) Men are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than women.
D) Psychosis is a key feature of schizophrenia, but it can also occur in other disorders.

Question 26

Studies showing that mothers of people with schizophrenia were more likely to have been exposed to influenza during pregnancy than were mothers of people without schizophrenia support the _____ theory of schizophrenia development.

Question 27

In individuals with schizophrenia, the flow of communication, or _____, between particular structures in the brain circuit is typically excessive or diminished.

Question 28

Psychosis means:

A) split personality.
B) loss of contact with reality.
C) brain seizures.
D) drug abuse.

Question 29

According to Frieda Fromm-Reichmann's (1948) view of the development of schizophrenia, an apparently self-sacrificing mother who is actually cold and domineering and uses her children for her own needs is called a(n) _____ mother.

Question 30

People who display both a severe mental disorder and a substance use disorder are referred to as:

A) mentally ill chemical abusers.
B) cause-and-effect users.
C) secondary effect abusers.
D) uncontrollable chronic users.

Question 31

Which statement is NOT true of mentally ill chemical abusers (MICAs)?

A) MICA is overdiagnosed because the drug abuse is often overemphasized.
B) MICAs tend to remain homeless longer than other homeless people without this diagnosis.
C) Traditional forms of therapy often don't work for this complex problem.
D) MICAs are most often young and male.

Question 32

Researchers estimate that about what percentage of homeless individuals are identifiable as mentally ill chemical abusers (MICAs)?

A) less than 5 percent
B) 10 to 20 percent
C) about one-third (33 percent)
D) almost half (50 percent)

Question 33

Which statement is the WEAKEST in explaining the relationship between mental illness and substance abuse?

A) Substance abuse may be a cause of mental illness.
B) One's personality leads to both mental illness and substance abuse.
C) People with a mental illness use substances as a means of self-medication.
D) The use of substances could make the symptoms of mental illness more severe.

Question 34

The phrase split mind is to _____ as the phrase split personality is to _____.

A) delusions; hallucinations
B) disordered thinking; disordered behavior
C) dissociative identity disorder; schizophrenia
D) schizophrenia; dissociative identity disorder

Question 35

Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomic classes. However, it is MOST likely to be found in someone from a:

A) lower socioeconomic level.
B) middle socioeconomic level.
C) professional socioeconomic level.
D) privileged (wealthy) socioeconomic level.

Question 36

Between 20 and 50 percent of those with schizophrenia or other severe disorders may also have:

A) a substance abuse disorder.
B) attempted suicide.
C) abnormally low levels of serotonin.
D) an eating disorder.

Question 37

The term schizophrenia is derived from the Greek for:

A) split mind.
B) frantic mind.
C) multiple personality.
D) hysterical demeanor.

Question 38

Downward drift is BEST reflected in which statement?

A) Poverty and social disruption cause schizophrenia.
B) Schizophrenia causes people to fall into poverty and social disruption.
C) Genetic factors cause both schizophrenia and poverty.
D) Schizophrenia causes marital disruption, which causes poverty.

Question 39

The original theory to help explain the role of neurotransmitters as the cause of schizophrenia is known as the _____.

Question 40

In general, the problems that mentally ill chemical abusers (MICAs) face in terms of diagnosis and treatment are:

A) about equal to the problems faced by people with severe mental illnesses.
B) about equal to the problems faced by people with chemical abuse disorders.
C) less than those faced by either people with severe mental disorders or chemical abuse disorders.
D) more than those faced by either people with severe mental disorders or chemical abuse disorders.

Question 41

The MOST common type of hallucination in schizophrenia is:

A) visual.
B) tactile.
C) auditory.
D) olfactory.

Question 42

Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening television news is speaking directly and personally to him. He then decides to go to the television studio to talk to the anchor. Antonio is suffering from:

A) delusions of persecution.
B) delusions of grandeur.
C) delusions of reference.
D) delusions of control.

Question 43

Research with those experiencing auditory hallucinations has NOT demonstrated:

A) increased blood flow in Broca's area.
B) increased activity in the brain's hearing center.
C) movement of the oval window of the cochlea.
D) increased activity near the brain's surface.

Question 44

A person with schizophrenia who hears all the animals around her making plans to get her ready for the ball, and comes to think of herself as Cinderella, is experiencing a(n) _____ hallucination and a delusion of _____.

A) auditory; grandeur
B) tactile; control
C) olfactory; reference
D) gustatory, persecution

Question 45

The _____ symptoms of schizophrenia include delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, heightened perceptions and hallucinations, and inappropriate affect.

A) positive
B) negative
C) cognitive
D) ineffective

Question 46

A woman proclaims, "I am the Virgin Mary, and I've come to give birth to a new savior." This person is MOST likely experiencing:

A) delusions of reference.
B) delusions of persecution.
C) delusions of grandeur.
D) delusions of control.

Question 47

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are to _____, as negative symptoms are to _____.

A) symptoms that can easily be treated; symptoms that are difficult to treat
B) the presence of inappropriate behaviors; the absence of appropriate behaviors
C) features that people consider to be good; features that people consider to be bad
D) excess feelings of happiness and elation; excess feelings of sadness and depression

Question 48

Hallucinations are to _____, as delusions are to _____.

A) cognition; emotion
B) perceptions; beliefs
C) positive symptoms; negative symptoms
D) psychosis; neurosis

Question 49

"The TV is making me think of the number 7" is to _____, as "Nobody believes that I am Saint Michael" is to _____.

A) delusions of persecution; delusions of grandeur
B) delusions of grandeur; delusions of persecution
C) delusions of persecution; delusions of control
D) delusions of control; delusions of grandeur

Question 50

A person with schizophrenia says to you, "Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet 10 inches tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw." This example illustrates which symptom of schizophrenia?

A) delusions of reference
B) derailment
C) neologisms
D) inappropriate affect

Question 51

If you could "get inside the head" of a person experiencing auditory hallucinations, you would MOST likely find that:

A) the person actually produces nerve signals of sound in the brain.
B) the person knows that the hallucinations are fictional.
C) hallucinations and delusions are coded in the same place in the person's brain.
D) the person is aware of auditory hallucinations but not aware of other types of hallucinations.

Question 52

The main difference between hallucinations and delusions is that hallucinations:

A) are more serious than delusions.
B) involve perception and delusions involve belief.
C) are more common early in the disorder and delusions more common later.
D) are auditory and delusions are visual.

Question 53

Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence to support the theory that schizophrenia is due to socioeconomic factors?

A) evidence showing that people of lower socioeconomic status have higher rates of schizophrenia than those of higher socioeconomic status
B) evidence showing that the risk of schizophrenia is positively correlated with the number of life stressors one has experienced
C) evidence showing that the rate of schizophrenia changes after people have moved from a higher to a lower, or from a lower to a higher, socioeconomic status
D) evidence showing that the risk of schizophrenia is negatively correlated with one's annual income

Question 54

A strange false belief that is firmly held despite evidence to the contrary is called a:

A) hallucination.
B) maladaptive attitude.
C) delusion.
D) loss of volition.

Question 55

A person with schizophrenia who says, "I have 'triscatitis' because the angular shape of my foreffit is diskiltered," is experiencing:

A) loose associations.
B) neologisms.
C) perseveration.
D) clang.

Question 56

Anna shows no emotions when people tell her happy or sad stories and complains of hearing voices in her head telling her that the TV is spying on her. At times, she remains motionless in her chair for hours. When she does get out of her chair, she poses like the statue in the town square. Which of these represents a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

A) showing no emotions
B) hearing voices in her head
C) remaining motionless
D) posing like a statue

Question 57

Somatic hallucinations are:

A) feelings that something is happening inside the body.
B) perceptions of tingling, burning, or electric-shock sensations.
C) when food or drink tastes strange on a regular basis.
D) odors that no one else smells.

Question 58

Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all the walls. She also hears gentle music, which is not actually there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

A) active
B) positive
C) negative
D) psychomotor

Question 59

Tactile hallucinations are:

A) feelings that something is happening inside the body.
B) perceptions of tingling, burning, or electric-shock sensations.
C) when food or drink tastes strange on a regular basis.
D) odors that no one else smells.

Question 60

Rosa is sure that her family is planning to kidnap her and take her inheritance. She has found her husband talking on the phone in whispers and seen her children looking at her strangely. Rosa is MOST likely suffering from:

A) delusions of grandeur.
B) delusions of reference.
C) delusions of control.
D) delusions of persecution.

Question 61

People who attend to their own ideas and fantasies, who are unable to recognize other people's needs and emotions, and who also distance themselves from reality are displaying:

A) poverty of speech.
B) blunted or flat affect.
C) loss of volition.
D) social withdrawal.

Question 62

Currently, what is known about the relationship between hallucinations and delusions?

A) There is no evidence to suggest that they are related to one another.
B) It is likely that hallucinations and delusions occur together and feed one another.
C) Physiological evidence indicates a physical correlate with delusions, but not hallucinations.
D) Hallucinations cause delusions, but delusions do not cause hallucinations.

Question 63

A person with schizophrenia who laughs when told sad news and screams in situations that most people see as warm and tender is experiencing:

A) cognitive distortion.
B) delusions of control.
C) inappropriate affect.
D) olfactory hallucination.

Question 64

Martin is a person with schizophrenia who feels ambivalent about most issues. He has no goals and does not seem to have the energy or interest to think about them. He certainly cannot make decisions. He is MOST likely suffering from:

A) disturbances in affect.
B) disturbances in volition.
C) a disturbed sense of self.
D) a disturbed relationship with the outside world.

Question 65

How is social withdrawal related to avolition?

A) Both appear to be behaviorally different, but each has similar underlying features.
B) Both are negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
C) Both rely on similar structures in the motor cortex.
D) Both of these appear at similar points during the time-course of schizophrenia.

Question 66

The inability to move limbs in catatonic schizophrenia illustrates _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

A) active
B) positive
C) negative
D) psychomotor

Question 67

Poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal are all _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

A) positive
B) negative
C) hallucinatory
D) psychomotor

Question 68

Evidence suggests that restricted affect among those with schizophrenia may reflect the inability to _____ emotions, not the inability to _____ them.

A) express; feel
B) feel; express
C) label; express
D) feel; label

Question 69

Those with schizophrenia who stop responding to their environment and remain motionless and silent for long periods of time are experiencing:

A) catatonic stupor.
B) catatonic excitement.
C) catatonic rigidity.
D) catatonic posturing.

Question 70

The decrease in the fluency and productivity of speech that is seen in schizophrenia is specifically termed:

A) alogia.
B) blocking.
C) avolition.
D) catatonia.

Question 71

Which statement about hallucinations is FALSE?

A) Hallucinations are experienced by people with disorders other than schizophrenia.
B) Hallucinations are different from perceptual illusions.
C) Hallucinations have historically been a sign of a psychological disorder.
D) Hallucinations that are unrelated to a disorder or substance ingestion have been reported by many people.

Question 72

_____ is a condition in which people show no emotions at all.

A) Flat affect
B) Blunted affect
C) Avolition
D) Anhedonia

Question 73

When Janice drinks her milk, she is sure from the taste that someone put salt in it. Janice is most likely experiencing a(n) _____ hallucination.

A) somatic
B) auditory
C) olfactory
D) gustatory

Question 74

James is sitting on the couch with his husband and children when suddenly he smells smoke. However, no one else can smell the smoke and there is no fire. What is James experiencing?

A) auditory hallucinations
B) olfactory hallucinations
C) visual hallucinations
D) somatic hallucinations

Question 75

In the middle of a calm conversation, a person with Tourette's syndrome might suddenly begin shouting and follow that with a string of obscenities. This is similar to the symptom of schizophrenia called:

A) blunted and flat affect.
B) inappropriate affect.
C) poverty of speech.
D) loss of volition.

Question 76

_____ is defined as apathy, coupled with an inability to start or complete a course of action.

A) Flat affect
B) Blunted affect
C) Avolition
D) Anhedonia

Question 77

Which piece of evidence, if found, would MOST strongly support the notion that hallucinations produce delusions?

A) data from a survey given to people with schizophrenia who reported that delusions typically occurred a few weeks after they had experienced their first hallucinations
B) anecdotal data from a clinical therapist who reported that his clients' delusions happened after they first experienced hallucinations
C) an experiment showing that people who were induced to produce hallucinations were more likely to develop delusions afterward
D) a pharmaceutical study showing that a new investigational drug reduced both hallucinations and delusions

Question 78

I sit staring at a blank page, unable to make myself write a new multiple choice test item; I just don't seem to care. My behavior is like that of people with schizophrenia displaying the symptom called:

A) avolition.
B) ahedonia.
C) inappropriate affect.
D) flat affect.

Question 79

Displaying emotions that are unsuited to the situation is called:

A) alogia.
B) manic disorder.
C) inappropriate affect.
D) intermediate affect.

Question 80

A person with schizophrenia who is experiencing alogia is displaying:

A) poverty of speech.
B) blunted or flat affect.
C) loss of volition.
D) social withdrawal.