Deck 11: Eating Disorders

Question 1

Anorexia nervosa that is characterized exclusively by controlling the intake of food is called _____ anorexia nervosa.

Answer 1

restricting-type

Question 2

More than one-third of individuals with bulimia nervosa display characteristics of a personality disorder-in particular, borderline personality disorder or _____.

Answer 2

avoidant personality disorder

Question 3

Hilde Bruch developed a psychodynamic theory for eating disorders. Using this theory, give three examples of how an eating disorder may develop. Include a cognitive explanation of eating disorders.

Answer 3

not answered

Question 4

In the body, glucagon-like peptide-1 functions as a natural _____.

Question 5

Is body image a matter of race? Discuss the racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of eating disorders. Which cultural differences may account for the differences reported?

Question 6

The disorder characterized by low body weight and a distorted body image is called _____.

Question 7

Compare and contrast the behaviors that patients with bulimia nervosa display versus the behaviors that patients with binge eating display.

Question 8

Episodes of overeating followed by vomiting characterize the eating disorder termed _____, or binge-purge syndrome.

Question 9

After a binge, people with bulimia nervosa may force themselves to vomit; misuse laxatives, diuretics, or enemas; begin fasting; or engage in excessive exercise. These are called _____ behaviors.

Question 10

Using biological theory, discuss three factors that may point to a biological explanation for eating disorders. Include the relevance of weight set point in your answer.

Question 11

You are on a committee that is tasked with designing a program targeted toward the prevention of eating disorders. Describe at least two specific strategies that should be included to prevent eating disorders in males and two specific strategies that should be included to prevent eating disorders in females. Explain why you selected each strategy.

Question 12

The cessation of menstruation common to women with anorexia is known as _____.

Question 13

Discuss three factors involved in how families play a role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders.

Question 14

Repeated vomiting or laxative use in bulimia can cause _____ deficiencies, which may lead to weakness, intestinal disorders, kidney disease, or heart damage.

Question 15

An emaciated woman who perceives herself as too fat illustrates _____ thinking.

Question 16

Outline a treatment plan for someone experiencing anorexia that includes the two main goals of treatment, the short-term and long-term treatment objectives, and the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 17

Which treatment goals and which techniques would a behavioral clinician use to treat someone with bulimia nervosa?

Question 18

A key difference between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder is that in binge eating disorder the person does not engage in _____.

Question 19

Identify the similarities and differences in the characteristics of persons who have anorexia and persons who have bulimia.

Question 20

Some people think that society has become obsessed with thinness. Discuss three different types of societal pressure that could be used to support this claim.

Question 21

The preoccupation with food characteristic of anorexia nervosa is thought to:

A) result from starvation.
B) be the underlying cause of the disorder.
C) be more pronounced in younger children with anorexia.
D) result from overeating.

Question 22

The weight to which a person's body naturally returns after a diet is known as his or her _____.

Question 23

A person who loses weight by forcing herself to vomit after meals or by using laxatives and who otherwise fits the definition of anorexia is experiencing:

A) binge eating/purging-type anorexia nervosa.
B) food-phobia anorexia nervosa.
C) restricted-type anorexia nervosa.
D) variable-limited anorexia nervosa.

Question 24

What is the significance of the 1940s study by Keys et al. in which healthy individuals placed on a semistarvation diet developed a preoccupation with food?

A) This study supports the idea that a preoccupation with food is a result of starvation.
B) This study demonstrates that a preoccupation with food is a natural event and not of medical concern.
C) This study shows that healthy individuals are likely to develop anorexia nervosa when placed on a semistarvation diet.
D) This study suggests that a preoccupation with food is a distinguishing characteristic between those with anorexia nervosa and those without it.

Question 25

A college-aged woman with a history of dieting has significantly reduced her food intake. She views her constant hunger pains as a positive sign that she is maintaining control over her eating. Her weight has dropped sharply below average, but she still thinks she is overweight. You suspect possible anorexia nervosa. Which other sign or symptoms would be present with anorexia nervosa?

A) A history of mental illness
B) Fear of becoming overweight
C) Extroverted personality
D) History of being a picky eater

Question 26

Which characteristic is very common in individuals with anorexia nervosa but significantly less common in those who have bulimia nervosa or binge eating?

A) Distortion of body image
B) Fear of becoming overweight
C) Preoccupation with food
D) Loss of menstrual periods

Question 27

The peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa is:

A) 7 to 10.
B) 10 to 13.
C) 14 to 20.
D) 20 to 25.

Question 28

Which statement is TRUE regarding anorexia nervosa?

A) Most people recover, but those who do not are most likely to die from starvation or suicide.
B) Death from starvation is a common outcome in people with this condition.
C) About half of all people with this condition will experience a life-threatening cardiac event.
D) The death rate from anorexia has declined to less than 1 percent.

Question 29

A person who stopped eating candy and other sweets, then gradually eliminated other foods until he or she was eating almost nothing, could be experiencing:

A) binge-purge type of anorexia nervosa.
B) sweet-phobia type of anorexia nervosa.
C) restricted-type anorexia nervosa.
D) exercise-induced anorexia nervosa.

Question 30

A modern explanation of why many people with anorexia continually have food-related thoughts and dreams is that such thoughts and dreams:

A) serve as a substitute for actual eating.
B) fulfill basic needs of the id.
C) help the individual limit food consumption while awake.
D) are the result of food deprivation.

Question 31

People who do not have anorexia and are placed on a starvation diet show many of the food preoccupations of people with anorexia nervosa. Which conclusions can be drawn from this finding?

A) Restrictive diets cause anorexia nervosa.
B) Preoccupation with food cannot be viewed as a defining characteristic of anorexia.
C) Preoccupation with food is likely the result of starvation, rather than the underlying cause of anorexia.
D) Forced starvation increases the likelihood of developing anorexia nervosa.

Question 32

Treatment of anorexia nervosa includes helping the person quickly return to a healthy body weight and improving the person's nutritional status. This phase of treatment is called _____.

Question 33

Which statement is NOT true about anorexia nervosa?

A) It usually follows a diet in someone who is of normal weight or slightly overweight.
B) It can follow a stressful event such as divorce, a move from home, or a personal failure.
C) Fatalities occur by suicide or serious medical problems due to starvation.
D) About 35 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are male.

Question 34

_____ medication has been shown to be particularly effective in treating individuals with bulimia nervosa.

Question 35

What is the first type of food usually eliminated from the diet of a person who is developing restricting-type anorexia?

A) Meat
B) Sweets
C) Breads
D) Nuts and grains

Question 36

The primary motivating emotion a person with anorexia experiences is:

A) fear.
B) anger.
C) shame.
D) hate.

Question 37

A therapist exposes a patient with bulimia to a binge-inducing stimulus and then prevents binge eating. This therapy approach is called _____.

Question 38

Which person would be MOST likely to cut out sweets, then eliminate more and more types of foods, but not engage in forced vomiting?

A) Someone experiencing restricting-type anorexia nervosa
B) Someone experiencing purging-type anorexia
C) Someone experiencing bulimia nervosa
D) Someone experiencing acute-type bulimia

Question 39

According to Salvador Minuchin, a(n) _____ family pattern is one in which members are overly concerned with one another's affairs.

Question 40

Which description is LEAST likely to characterize the behavior of someone experiencing anorexia nervosa?

A) Careful preparation and planning of the food one eats during the day
B) Feeling oneself to be unattractively overweight
C) A view that food deprivation makes one a better person
D) A hesitancy to think about food

Question 41

A patient in therapy who eats exactly eight pieces of bread that he has carefully made into balls of equal diameter is displaying a symptom of anorexia nervosa related to:

A) schizophrenia.
B) depression.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) substance abuse.

Question 42

Which condition is NOT associated with anorexia nervosa?

A) Substance abuse
B) A personality disorder
C) Low self-esteem
D) Anxiety

Question 43

Which problem is common in anorexia nervosa?

A) Amenorrhea
B) Increased heart rate
C) High blood pressure
D) Elevated body temperature

Question 44

The disorder that is characterized by eating binges followed by engaging in a compensatory behavior such as forced vomiting is called:

A) obesity.
B) obsession.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) bulimia nervosa.

Question 45

The central feature of bulimia nervosa is:

A) excessive dieting and weight loss.
B) fanatic exercising preceded by binge eating.
C) purging either by vomiting or by using laxatives.
D) binge eating followed by a compensatory behavior.

Question 46

Which psychological problem is LEAST likely to be associated with anorexia nervosa?

A) Depression
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Substance abuse

Question 47

A woman with anorexia has lanugo. What has happened?

A) She has lost body hair.
B) She has developed double vision.
C) Her menstrual cycle has become irregular.
D) She has grown fine silky hair on her body.

Question 48

If a person says, "I must be perfect in every way. I'll be a better person if I deprive myself of food," that person is engaging in:

A) distorted thinking.
B) wishful thinking.
C) obsessive thinking.
D) critical thinking.

Question 49

Which characteristic is MOST consistent with anorexia nervosa?

A) A refusal to think about food at all
B) A view that one's body is too thin
C) Body size overestimation
D) Distorted perception of others' sizes

Question 50

Which is NOT a compensatory behavior for someone with bulimia?

A) Excessive exercise
B) Liquid-only diet
C) Forced vomiting
D) Use of diuretics

Question 51

A person who has anorexia nervosa has dry, rough, cracked skin and may develop lanugo. Why would you not expect to see these symptoms in someone with binge eating disorder?

A) These symptoms develop primarily in women.
B) These symptoms are the result of an overactive thyroid.
C) These symptoms result from nutritional deficiencies caused by starvation.
D) These symptoms result from excessive, unhealthy levels of exercise.

Question 52

People suffering from anorexia nervosa tend to:

A) overestimate their body size.
B) underestimate their body size.
C) correctly estimate their body size.
D) vary in accuracy in estimating their body size.

Question 53

The psychological disorder that anorexia nervosa MOST resembles is:

A) a simple phobia.
B) narcissistic personality disorder.
C) borderline personality disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 54

Individuals with anorexia nervosa often have which psychological problem?

A) Obsessive thoughts
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Multiple phobias
D) Episodes of mania

Question 55

The MOST common cognitive disturbance seen in individuals with anorexia nervosa is a:

A) distorted body image.
B) revulsion toward food.
C) major clinical depression.
D) distorted view of others.

Question 56

If a person were looking at a photograph of herself and adjusting the size until she thought the picture looked like herself, she would MOST likely be participating in an assessment of her:

A) accuracy in estimating body size.
B) self-esteem.
C) readiness for therapy.
D) susceptibility to societal stereotypes.

Question 57

Someone who fasts or exercises strenuously following a binge is engaging in:

A) compensatory behaviors.
B) purging.
C) enmeshment.
D) exposure and response prevention.

Question 58

Which description BEST represents someone with bulimia nervosa?

A) A woman concerned about putting on a few extra pounds decides to replace her usual junk food snacks with fruit and begins a new high-intensity exercise program.
B) A woman carefully monitors everything she eats. She always skips breakfast and restricts meals to less than 200 calories. She avoids social situations where food is likely to be served.
C) A woman regularly tells herself that she is going to eat a small healthy meal but then commonly finds herself eating an entire pizza, a carton of ice cream, and a box of doughnuts at one sitting. She immediately feels shame and guilt and then forces herself to throw it all up.
D) During periods of peak stress, a woman repeatedly finds herself devouring any sweets she can find: brownies, donuts, ice cream, and so on. She consumes thousands of calories in one sitting and immediately experiences guilt.

Question 59

Bulimia is always characterized by:

A) uncontrollable overeating.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) fasting and frantic exercise.
D) being underweight.

Question 60

A common cardiovascular effect of anorexia is a slow heart rate (bradycardia). Which explanation BEST describes why this is true?

A) Exercise lowers a person's heart rate.
B) The body is trying to conserve energy.
C) Less blood flow is needed in persons who are underweight.
D) The body has lost its insulating outer layer of fat.

Question 61

In 2017, the Calorie Control Council reported that the average Thanksgiving meal consists of more than 3,000 calories, yet this is not considered a binge eating episode. Why not?

A) The person did not engage in purging behavior after eating the dinner.
B) The calories come from a variety of food types, often including nutritional foods.
C) Others eating the same dinner did not view the amount of food consumed as a "binge."
D) The person did not experience a loss of control while eating or feel shame afterward.

Question 62

A woman eats cookies, cake, ice cream, and almost anything else that is sweet. At some point during the binge, she takes a huge dose of a laxative to "empty out" the food. Her taking the laxative, and the assumption underlying why she does it, would lead to a diagnosis of:

A) binge eating disorder.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) an eating disorder not otherwise specified.

Question 63

To qualify for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, compensatory behaviors must:

A) occur.
B) involve vomiting.
C) effectively cause weight loss.
D) cause pathological changes in the body.

Question 64

People with which eating disorder are MOST likely to be obese?

A) Those with bulimia nervosa
B) Those with binge eating/purging-type anorexia nervosa
C) Those with restricting-type anorexia nervosa
D) Those with binge eating disorder

Question 65

Which person is MOST likely to have bulimia based on the descriptions provided?

A) Someone who has lost 40 pounds in 4 months by eliminating sweets from his or her diet
B) Someone who exercises compulsively and meticulously plans and tracks every meal
C) Someone who often "loses" control while eating and tends to eat even when not hungry
D) Someone who repeatedly gorges on food and as a result spends an excessive amount of time working out

Question 66

A person with bulimia nervosa just binge ate a large assortment of desserts. If the person were to verbalize his or her feelings immediately after the binge, what would the person MOST likely say?

A) "I know I shouldn't eat that much in one sitting, but since I barely ate yesterday, it's okay."
B) "I have so much energy. I'm ready to tackle that new project I've been putting off."
C) "I should probably exercise for an extra 30 minutes tonight."
D) "I can't believe I just did that. I'm disgusting and hopeless."

Question 67

After eating chips, burgers, and fries and drinking two shakes, a woman goes to the gym to "work it off." She does 90 minutes on the elliptical, spends an hour on the stair stepper, and lifts weights for another hour. She then fasts for 72 hours. She repeats this pattern a few days later. Based on this information, which diagnosis would be MOST fitting?

A) Binge eating disorder
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Anorexia nervosa
D) Eating disorder not otherwise specified

Question 68

If a person had bulimia nervosa and engaged in frequent binges, about how many of his or her binges per week would a friend of this person expect to witness?

A) 10
B) 0
C) 7
D) 40

Question 69

Compared with people with anorexia nervosa, MOST people with bulimia:

A) are younger.
B) have less education.
C) are of a more normal weight.
D) have obsessive thoughts about food.

Question 70

What appears to be the key factor in determining the types of food that are likely to be eaten in a binge?

A) Oral stimulation through crunchiness
B) High protein through meat
C) Rapidity through soft texture
D) Taste of the food

Question 71

Participants who have just completed a very-low-calorie weight-loss program would be MOST at risk for:

A) bingeing.
B) anorexia.
C) substance abuse.
D) family problems.

Question 72

Regarding emotions, the pattern common in bulimia from pre-binge, through binge, to post-binge is BEST described in sequence as:

A) control, enjoyment, shame.
B) relaxation, pleasure, enjoyment.
C) tension, powerlessness, shame.
D) shame, doubt, guilt.

Question 73

Similarities between bulimia and anorexia include:

A) both tend to begin after a period of dieting among people afraid of becoming obese.
B) both involve a reluctance to think about food, weight, or appearance.
C) both involve an underestimation of one's weight and body size.
D) both tend to be related to personality disorders.

Question 74

Calorie-restrictive dieting has been cited as a common precursor to eating disorders. Which statement BEST supports this relationship?

A) Restrictive diets increase the body's metabolism, which increases calorie expenditure and thereby results in more substantial weight loss.
B) After sustained calorie restriction, many people experience long-term early satiety, making it difficult to resume "normal" calorie intake.
C) Extended periods of calorie restriction can heighten a person's feelings about weight and food, including feelings of guilt or shame related to food and eating.
D) Prolonged or repeated dieting commonly causes food aversion to a wide range of food types, which then leads to a continuation of reduced caloric intake.

Question 75

Many teenagers go on occasional eating binges. Which statement is TRUE about this behavior?

A) This behavior is perfectly normal.
B) This behavior inevitably leads to bulimia.
C) Most people who engage in this behavior do not have bulimia.
D) This behavior inevitably leads to excessive exercise.

Question 76

A young woman who is very concerned about being attractive to others, is more sexually experienced, and has relatively few obsessive qualities is:

A) more likely to be experiencing anorexia than bulimia.
B) more likely to be experiencing bulimia than anorexia.
C) equally likely to be experiencing bulimia or anorexia.
D) showing no symptoms that have been found to be related to eating disorders.

Question 77

A person admits that for the past few months, once or twice per week she has ended up consuming significant amounts of food and then vomiting afterward to prevent weight gain. Which other factor would have to be present to meet the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa?

A) History of intense dieting
B) Signs of esophagitis and damage to the teeth
C) Body weight that is significantly underweight
D) Extreme concern with one's body shape and weight

Question 78

Immediately preceding the onset of an eating disorder in a woman, one would MOST likely find that she had:

A) recently given birth.
B) gone through a period of intense criticism from her family.
C) experienced a growth spurt.
D) been successful in losing weight and had been praised by family.

Question 79

Which statement BEST describes the effects of compensatory behaviors that people with bulimia use in controlling weight?

A) Vomiting immediately after eating prevents the absorption of 90 percent of calories consumed.
B) Engaging in repeated vomiting leads to more frequent and intense binges due to the inability to feel sated.
C) Using laxatives immediately after eating prevents absorption of 60 percent of calories consumed but caused increased fluid intake.
D) Using diuretics regularly leads to long-term inability to absorb calories, even months after the person stops using them.

Question 80

A teenager has recently developed signs of bulimia nervosa. She has been binge eating alone in her room and vomits immediately afterward to try to control her weight. Why will this not result in sustainable weight loss?

A) Purging increases hunger, which decreases metabolism and triggers more frequent binges.
B) Calorie absorption occurs almost instantaneously, with 80 to 90 percent of calories being absorbed before vomiting occurs.
C) With each incident of self-induced vomiting, it becomes more difficult to trigger the vomiting reflex.
D) Vomiting increases sodium levels, which results in water retention.