Deck 12: Substance Use and Addictive Disorders

Question 1

Alcoholism sometimes leads to a disease marked by confusion and extreme memory impairment. This disease is called _____.

Answer 1

Korsakoff's syndrome

Question 2

Define tolerance, withdrawal, and substance use disorder. As a clinician, which signs and symptoms would you assess for to determine whether someone meets the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder? Be specific in describing the symptoms.

Answer 2

not answered

Question 3

When Melody stopped taking barbiturates, she suffered a period of nausea, insomnia, and sleep problems. This phenomenon is known as _____.

Answer 3

withdrawal

Question 4

Alcohol is classified as a(n) _____.

Question 5

The MOST widely used stimulant in the world is _____.

Question 6

Describe how marijuana has changed since the 1970s, and describe the increase in the number of diagnoses of "cannabis use disorder," as well as the dangers associated with marijuana use. How might these be related?

Question 7

The effect of taking two different drugs may be more than the sum of the two effects. This is called a(n) _____.

Question 8

Compare and contrast heroin and cocaine in terms of the physiological properties of the drugs, the forms in which the drugs are normally taken, and the prevalence of abuse of each.

Question 9

The enzyme that breaks down ethyl alcohol in the stomach is _____.

Question 10

Crack is a form of _____.

Question 11

Compare and contrast any two views on substance use disorders-sociocultural, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and biological-and discuss two ways in which they explain the causes of these disorders.

Question 12

According to some educators, the number one public health hazard for college students is _____.

Question 13

In what ways have the use and misuse of alcohol become one of society's greatest problems? Discuss at least three affected domains: personal, social, occupational, and physical.

Question 14

A recent addition in DSM-5 to the substance use disorders section is gambling disorder; Internet use disorder is under consideration for future inclusion. How are gambling disorder and Internet use disorder similar to, and different from, substance use disorders?

Question 15

Assume a totally new hallucinogenic drug has hit the streets, and you are part of a research team charged with investigating the new drug. Which information would you want to gather? How might you begin to assess the impact of the new drug on society? Assume (unrealistically, of course) your budget is practically limitless.

Question 16

A 20-year-old friend of yours expresses a desire to receive treatment for alcohol use disorder. Which form of treatment would you recommend and why? Detail the strengths of the form of treatment you would recommend, along with its possible weaknesses.

Question 17

Nicotine use and abuse through smoking cigarettes affects approximately 24 percent of Americans. What are the effects of tobacco use disorder? Why is tobacco use disorder so difficult to treat? What are two treatments for tobacco use disorder?

Question 18

A friend of yours tells you she is going to try MDMA (ecstasy). You are concerned about her well-being and want to convince her not to take this drug. Which key arguments do you make to your friend? Include both short-term and long-term risks.

Question 19

A substance that may change someone's perception of color or make someone see things that aren't really there is called a(n) _____.

Question 20

Jodi's therapist believes that her drug problem stems from dependence caused by unresolved conflicts in her relationship with her parents. Her therapist's point of view is _____.

Question 21

Which is a depressant?

A) Opioids
B) Cocaine
C) LSD
D) Amphetamines

Question 22

Of the following people, the MOST likely to exhibit a substance use disorder would be a(n):

A) American Indian.
B) African American.
C) non-Hispanic white American.
D) Asian American.

Question 23

Melanie has been out with friends and has been using drugs. Despite being obviously uncoordinated and under the influence, she wants to drive her car. Her condition is an example of:

A) addiction.
B) intoxication.
C) hallucinosis.
D) physical dependence.

Question 24

A college professor's work performance recently has deteriorated, and his colleagues find him difficult to talk to. If this is due to a problem with drugs, the best description of this professor's behavior would be:

A) substance intoxication.
B) substance use disorder.
C) tolerance.
D) withdrawal.

Question 25

A newly developed drug causes users to lose some muscle control and slur their words. The drug also results in a slowing of central nervous system activity. MOST likely this drug is a:

A) depressant.
B) hallucinogen.
C) stimulant.
D) polydrug.

Question 26

Ainsley has a drink in the morning on rising and a cocktail with breakfast. She usually sneaks a snort during the morning ("just to get through the day") and then drinks during lunch. Later, at home, she generally has a small dinner and sits in front of the TV and drinking wine, often an entire bottle. Somehow she manages to get up and go to work the next morning. Ainsley is displaying:

A) withdrawal.
B) substance use disorder.
C) binge drinking.
D) delirium tremens.

Question 27

Alcohol binds to receptors on neurons that normally receive:

A) norepinephrine.
B) serotonin.
C) dopamine.
D) GABA.

Question 28

Mendon began by taking one amphetamine a day to control his appetite. After a month or so, the one pill did not work as well but two pills did. This is an example of:

A) tolerance.
B) resistance.
C) withdrawal.
D) dependence.

Question 29

Intoxication is actually a form of:

A) tolerance.
B) temporary change.
C) hallucination.
D) substance dependence.

Question 30

Learning coping strategies to deal with situations known to stimulate drinking is part of _____ training.

Question 31

The long-term pattern of maladaptive behavior caused by the regular use of some chemical or drug is called:

A) tolerance.
B) intoxication disorder.
C) substance use disorder.
D) hallucinosis.

Question 32

Which of the following would NOT be considered a drug?

A) Heroin
B) Caffeine
C) Sugar
D) Nicotine

Question 33

When Todd arrived at the center, he was given a physical examination and then allowed time to go through withdrawal symptoms. This process is called _____.

Question 34

Pairing the craving for a drug with an electric shock is an example of _____.

Question 35

Binge drinking is defined as drinking at least _____ drinks on a single occasion.

A) three
B) four
C) five
D) six

Question 36

A frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same "high" that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing:

A) withdrawal symptoms.
B) tolerance.
C) hallucinosis.
D) intoxication.

Question 37

DSM-5 has added an addictive disorder that doesn't involve use of a substance to the substance use disorder section. That disorder is _____.

Question 38

A person who experiences vomiting and shaking when she tries to stop drinking alcohol has developed:

A) withdrawal reactions.
B) increased tolerance.
C) hallucinosis.
D) intoxication.

Question 39

Which statement BEST describes the prevalence of alcoholism in non-Hispanic white American men, African American men, and Hispanic American men?

A) Prevalence rates among all three groups are essentially the same.
B) African Americans have the highest rates of alcoholism, followed by non-Hispanic white Americans and Hispanic Americans.
C) Alcoholism rates are highest for older non-Hispanic white Americans.
D) Prevalence rates for non-Hispanic white Americans and Hispanic Americans are similar and slightly higher than the rates seen in African Americans.

Question 40

_____ is a drug that has been used as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of addiction.

Question 41

Delirium tremens ("the DTs") typically last:

A) up to 24 hours.
B) 2 or 3 days.
C) about a week.
D) up to 10 days.

Question 42

A woman is raped by someone who was intoxicated. How common is this?

A) Uncommon; alcohol is a factor in less than 1 percent of all rapes.
B) Somewhat uncommon; alcohol is a factor in approximately 5 percent of all rapes.
C) Common; alcohol is a factor in more than one-third of all rapes.
D) Extremely common; alcohol is a factor in nearly than three-fourths of all rapes.

Question 43

A patient in an alcohol rehabilitation center tells you a detailed story about growing up in the mountains of Tennessee. Later, you find out that the person had never even visited Tennessee. A day later you visit the patient again, and the patient does not recognize you. This patient is MOST likely suffering from:

A) fetal alcohol syndrome.
B) cirrhosis.
C) withdrawal of delirium.
D) Korsakoff's syndrome.

Question 44

Alcohol is a factor in approximately _____ of all college dropouts.

A) half
B) one-third
C) one-fourth
D) one-tenth

Question 45

Drinking alcohol initially affects:

A) the language center.
B) judgment.
C) memory.
D) motor control.

Question 46

A friend has done some heavy drinking and asks you what to do to "sober up" as quickly as possible. The response that is MOST appropriate is:

A) "Drink coffee, lots of coffee."
B) "Stop drinking."
C) "Take an ice-cold shower."
D) "Drink carbonated soda."

Question 47

Two people of the same gender consume the same amount of alcohol in the same amount of time. Nevertheless, one of them sobers up substantially sooner than the other. MOST likely, this difference is due to differences in:

A) food intake, specifically food eaten immediately after drinking concluded.
B) activity level while drinking; increased activity increases the metabolism rate.
C) liver function; some people's livers metabolize alcohol faster than others' livers.
D) breathing rate; people who breathe more often can exhale the carbon dioxide by-product of alcohol metabolism faster.

Question 48

The scarring of the liver caused by alcohol consumption is known as:

A) cirrhosis.
B) hemorrhaging.
C) vasoconstriction.
D) Korsakoff's syndrome.

Question 49

Neelah is a long-time serious drinker. In the last year she has started having huge memory lapses. When this happens, she makes up wild stories to help her fill in what she does not remember. This symptom is called:

A) confabulation.
B) Korsakoff's syndrome.
C) Wernicke's encephalopathy.
D) alcohol-induced psychotic disorder.

Question 50

Research indicates that the students MOST likely to binge drink:

A) are athletes.
B) are non-Hispanic white males.
C) live on campus.
D) live in a sorority or fraternity house.

Question 51

Which statement is TRUE regarding gender differences in heavy drinkers?

A) Female heavy drinkers outnumber male heavy drinkers through adolescence, but the reverse is true in adulthood.
B) Women are slightly more likely than men to be classified as heavy drinkers.
C) Heavy drinking is at least twice as likely in men as it is in women.
D) Women are more susceptible to becoming heavy drinkers due to their typically smaller body size and weight.

Question 52

Women tolerate alcohol less well than men because they:

A) have a higher proportion of body fat.
B) drink alcohol in more concentrated forms.
C) have less of a stomach enzyme that breaks down alcohol.
D) metabolize alcohol in the liver less well.

Question 53

In women, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is found at:

A) higher levels in the brain, making them more susceptible to becoming intoxicated.
B) higher levels in the liver, making them more likely to develop cirrhosis.
C) lower levels in the fatty tissue, making them more likely to retain alcohol.
D) lower levels in the stomach, making them more susceptible to becoming intoxicated.

Question 54

How do delirium tremens (DTs) differ from other withdrawal reactions?

A) People who experience DTs are less likely to relapse.
B) There are no known medical procedures to assist someone experiencing DTs.
C) DTs are associated with serious health consequences that could result in death.
D) DTs occur only after someone has completely quit alcohol, versus just reducing intake.

Question 55

Pat and Kelly each have five of the same cocktail. Pat gets very drunk. Kelly does not. Which factor would MOST likely account for this difference?

A) Pat is older than Kelly.
B) Pat is healthier than Kelly.
C) Pat is a woman, and Kelly is a man.
D) Pat is non-Hispanic white, and Kelly is African American.

Question 56

Studies show that students living in substance-free dorms engage in binge drinking about ____ as often as students living in fraternity or sorority houses.

A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 57

A combination of alcohol abuse and a vitamin B deficiency can lead to:

A) delirium tremens.
B) Tourette's syndrome.
C) Korsakoff's syndrome.
D) alcohol-induced psychotic disorder.

Question 58

A person has ingested enough ethyl alcohol to lose consciousness but has not died. The MOST probable alcohol concentration in that person, expressed as percent of blood volume, is:

A) 0.03.
B) 0.09.
C) 0.40.
D) 0.70.

Question 59

A blood alcohol concentration of _____ percent typically produces the symptoms of intoxication.

A) 0.01
B) 0.06
C) 0.09
D) 0.55

Question 60

An individual who is dependent on alcohol is experiencing delirium tremens. This reaction is:

A) common, starting about a week after an individual stops drinking.
B) common, starting within three days after an individual stops drinking.
C) uncommon, starting about a week after an individual stops drinking.
D) uncommon, starting within three days after an individual stops drinking.

Question 61

A wounded veteran of the U.S. Civil War suffering from "soldiers' disease" MOST likely was suffering from:

A) morphine dependence.
B) THC-induced symptoms from wound binding made of hemp cloth.
C) alcohol dependence.
D) cirrhosis caused by drinking medicine dissolved in ethyl alcohol.

Question 62

Why is the risk of transmitting AIDS an important factor for heroin users?

A) Heroin facilitates the body's receptivity to AIDS.
B) Heroin lowers immune system function.
C) Heroin is a good medium in which viruses can grow.
D) Heroin users often share needles that can be infected.

Question 63

All the opioid drugs are known collectively as:

A) narcotics.
B) endorphins.
C) depressants.
D) hallucinogens.

Question 64

Cocaine and amphetamines produce_____ behavioral effects and _____ emotional effects.

A) similar; similar
B) similar; different
C) different; similar
D) different; different

Question 65

A pattern of abnormalities, head and facial deformities, heart defects, and intellectual development disorder characterizes someone with:

A) Korsakoff's syndrome
B) fetal alcohol syndrome.
C) alcohol abuse syndrome.
D) substance abuse syndrome.

Question 66

Unlike the opioid drugs morphine and heroin, methadone is:

A) not a narcotic.
B) a central nervous system depressor.
C) non-habit forming.
D) a synthetic drug.

Question 67

A drug that produces effects similar to what neurotransmitters called endorphins produce is:

A) heroin.
B) LSD.
C) Benzedrine.
D) methamphetamine.

Question 68

The drug that, when misused, would MOST quickly result in dependence or addiction would be:

A) Xanax.
B) opium.
C) cannabis.
D) ethyl alcohol.

Question 69

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can damage the developing embryo and fetus, resulting in:

A) excessively large babies.
B) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
C) fetal alcohol syndrome.
D) neonatal Korsakoff's syndrome.

Question 70

Benzodiazepines work in much the same way as:

A) alcohol.
B) nicotine.
C) LSD.
D) cannabis.

Question 71

Sam has just had an injection of heroin. He feels intense pleasure very quickly, an effect known as a:

A) nod.
B) rush.
C) high.
D) boost.

Question 72

If a physician wanted to relieve a patient's anxiety with a treatment that carries a lesser risk of drowsiness, overdose, and slowed breathing, the physician should prescribe:

A) barbiturates.
B) alcohol.
C) benzodiazepines.
D) cocaine.

Question 73

Which statement BEST describes the changes in the rate of opioid addiction in the United States over the past 30 to 40 years?

A) A slow but steady increase
B) Relatively constant rates for 20-plus years, followed by a sudden decrease
C) Minor increases and decreases throughout the years
D) Up-and-down shifts throughout the years, with rates currently being high

Question 74

The "high" produced by using narcotics is due to the drug:

A) causing an increased release of serotonin.
B) blocking GABA activity.
C) attaching to sites normally receptive to endorphins.
D) flooding neurotransmitter synapses with dopamine.

Question 75

Quent recently quit using heroin. He won't eat, has a high fever, and has been vomiting frequently. Quent is MOST likely how far along in the withdrawal process?

A) The first two to four hours
B) The first two to three days
C) About halfway through, around day 5 or 6
D) Day 8

Question 76

After an accident, Kendra was taken to the hospital with broken legs and arms. She was almost immediately given a shot that reduced her pain. The shot was MOST likely a(n):

A) opioid.
B) sedative.
C) barbiturate.
D) amphetamine.

Question 77

A person would be LEAST likely to feel drowsy soon after taking a moderate dose of which type of drug?

A) Barbiturates
B) Ethyl alcohol
C) Amphetamines
D) Opium

Question 78

An example of a sedative-hypnotic is:

A) LSD.
B) cocaine.
C) a benzodiazepine.
D) amphetamine.

Question 79

Nate took a drug and a few minutes later felt calm. He then became drowsy and went to sleep. Nate MOST likely took:

A) heroin.
B) cocaine.
C) cannabis.
D) a barbiturate.

Question 80

A heroin overdose is likely to occur in someone who:

A) takes heroin for a while, stops, and starts again, taking the same amount he or she last took.
B) takes the same dose of heroin over a prolonged period.
C) gradually, but consistently, takes larger doses of heroin.
D) takes heroin for a long time and then begins using a lower than usual dose.