Deck 17: Disorders Common Among Children and Adolescents

Question 1

Johnny is six years old and wets the bed almost every night. Sometimes he even wets his pants at school. What is his diagnosis, and what treatment plan do you recommend?

Answer 1

not answered

Question 2

A child worries that her mother may get hurt or die when the child is away from her. This child MOST likely has _____.

Answer 2

separation anxiety disorder

Question 3

A person with a diagnosis of _____ displays significantly subaverage general functioning, concurrent deficits or impairment in adaptive behavior, and develops these symptoms before the age of 18.

Answer 3

intellectual disability

Question 4

What are important criteria for differentiating oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder? Discuss the causes of conduct disorder.

Question 5

The DSM-5 includes a new category, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, which is used to describe children with patterns of severe _____.

Question 6

An 8-year-old child accidentally wets the bed approximately 20 times a month. This child suffers from the elimination disorder called _____.

Question 7

Molly is three years old and cries and trembles when her mother is not by her side. Her mom tried to enroll her in preschool, but Molly cried so much she disrupted the other students and could not continue. Molly is a happy little girl when her mom is near her, but she becomes nervous and scared as soon as they are apart. What diagnosis is appropriate for Molly? Explain why (that is, discuss which diagnostic criteria are present).

Question 8

Discuss the concerns and status regarding the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents.

Question 9

What are the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder that make it so troublesome? What forms of therapy are most effective? Last, discuss the methylphenidate (Ritalin) controversy.

Question 10

Compare and contrast the characteristics of a typical person for each of the four levels of intellectual disability.

Question 11

Bed-wetting is more common than involuntary defecation, otherwise known as _____.

Question 12

Children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder often mirror sentences or phrases spoken by others while copying the accent or inflection but not understanding the meaning. This phenomenon is called _____.

Question 13

The fact that rates of mild intellectual disability vary considerably across socioeconomic groups (highest rates in lowest socioeconomic groups), while rates of other levels of intellectual disability do not strongly implies that factors other than biological ones are at work in the development of mild intellectual disability. Discuss nonbiological factors involved with the disorder. What should psychologists suggest as appropriate interventions to lessen the incidence of mild intellectual disability in lower socioeconomic groups?

Question 14

The pattern of conduct disorder characterized by secretive destructive behaviors such as violating other people's property, breaking and entering, and setting fires is called a(n) _____ pattern.

Question 15

Describe three stressors unique to childhood/adolescence, and explain how they differ from adult stressors.

Question 16

What are the distinguishing characteristics of autism spectrum disorder? Differentiate these distinguishing characteristics from characteristics of typical developing children.

Question 17

Child abuse that includes severe rejection, excessive discipline, ridicule, and isolation is called _____ abuse.

Question 18

A young boy cannot sit still in his first-grade class. He does not seem to be able to follow what the teacher is doing, and his academic performance is not at grade level. Most of his time is spent in motion. He is displaying symptoms of _____.

Question 19

Almost every day Robin, age 14, has huge outbursts of rage at home, and her parents report she is usually very irritable. Just this past week she punched a hole in her bedroom wall and threw her dinner across the dining room. Last week she was suspended from school for throwing her desk chair during a class. What is her likely diagnosis? Which DMS-5 criteria are present that support this diagnosis?

Question 20

A sixth-grade student reads slowly and has difficulty understanding the meaning of what he reads. You have a strong suspicion that he may suffer from _____.

Question 21

Statistically speaking, who is most likely to experience depression?

A) a 9-year-old girl
B) a 9-year-old boy
C) a teenage boy
D) a teenage girl

Question 22

The typical child may not realize that the thoughts and beliefs of others are different from theirs or be able to anticipate future negative events. Therefore:

A) the symptoms of childhood anxiety tend to be different from adult symptoms.
B) children do not experience phobias.
C) a child cannot fully experience an anxiety disorder.
D) anxiety is not diagnosed until adolescence.

Question 23

Children with _____ perform coordinated motor activities at a level well below that of others their age.

Question 24

Some researchers believe _____ is an early version of social anxiety disorder.

A) general anxiety disorder
B) extreme parental attachment
C) shyness
D) selective mutism

Question 25

Stuttering, a disturbance in the fluency and timing of speech, is a form of _____.

Question 26

Why do very young children rarely experience hopelessness?

A) Children must be able to hold expectations about the future, a skill rarely in full bloom before the age of 7.
B) Young children don't experience traumatic life events that can lead to such a pessimistic outlook.
C) Early childhood is a time of great joy that serves as a protector.
D) Young children only exhibit negative physical symptoms, they don't experience negative emotional symptoms.

Question 27

A child does almost everything with her mother and seems extremely anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches and wanting to go home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely:

A) agoraphobia
B) bipolar disorder.
C) dependent personality disorder.
D) separation anxiety disorder.

Question 28

Surveys show that _____ is a common experience for close to half of all children in the United States.

A) worry
B) depression
C) anxiety
D) substance abuse

Question 29

Name-calling, posting embarrassing pictures, harassing, and/or mocking someone online is called:

A) cyberbullying.
B) anti-bullying.
C) child abuse.
D) peer pressure.

Question 30

A similarity among children with separation anxiety and those with school refusal is that they both fear going to school and often stay home. The difference in the symptoms of these diagnoses is that:

A) if allowed to stay home, children with school refusal generally recover.
B) separation anxiety usually lasts into adulthood, whereas school refusal does not.
C) in separation anxiety, the fear is limited to school.
D) school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fears, and fears of objects at school.

Question 31

The congenital disorder in which there is progressive loss of mental functioning and motor ability that is especially common among those of Eastern European Jewish ancestry is called _____.

Question 32

Which is not considered an effect of bullying?

A) suicidal thinking
B) school problems
C) overt lying
D) sleep problems

Question 33

A child whose therapist asks him to draw pictures about his life and then introduces games and stories to help the child work through his conflicts and change his emotions and behavior is MOST likely receiving:

A) cognitive therapy.
B) classroom therapy.
C) insight therapy.
D) play therapy.

Question 34

Behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain, rather than cognitive symptoms are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders in:

A) female children rather than in male children.
B) adolescents rather than in children.
C) children rather than in adults.
D) children of former generations rather than of the present generation.

Question 35

Too little prenatal iodine results in _____ in the newborn.

Question 36

For which anxiety disorder would you expect the childhood pattern to be MOST similar to the adult pattern?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) social anxiety disorder
C) phobias
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 37

Which childhood disorder usually disappears by adulthood?

A) spectrum disorders
B) anxiety disorders
C) intellectual disability
D) elimination disorders

Question 38

A large survey of parents and their children shows that parents:

A) believe children are more concerned about school than children actually are.
B) believe the greatest worry children have is about their physical appearance.
C) generally underestimate how worried their children are.
D) are unusually accurate in knowing about their children's worries.

Question 39

Younger children who are clumsy and slow to master skills such as tying shoelaces, buttoning shirts, and zipping pants, may be given a diagnosis of _____.

Question 40

A particular concern among children and adolescents is:

A) racism.
B) peer pressure to have sex.
C) bullying.
D) peer pressure to try alcohol.

Question 41

A child sneaks out of the home every now and then and goes through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations and scratching car paint. These behaviors MOST closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder?

A) overt-destructive
B) overt-nondestructive
C) covert-destructive
D) covert-nondestructive

Question 42

Which statement is true regarding the intersection of sexual abuse, gender, and socioeconomic status?

A) Girls from poor backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse.
B) Girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse.
C) Girls from wealthy backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse.
D) Boys, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse.

Question 43

Hormonal changes, life demands, and body dissatisfaction are all reasons to explain why:

A) postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal boys.
B) children of all ages have higher rates of depression than adults.
C) younger children have higher rates of depression than do older children.
D) depression rates are higher than anxiety rates in children.

Question 44

A child is openly hostile toward his parents. He argues with them constantly and will not do anything they say. They cannot control him. The diagnosis he is MOST likely to receive is:

A) conduct disorder.
B) juvenile delinquency.
C) oppositional defiant disorder.
D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 45

A child will not obey her mother. When threatened with punishment, she swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. Her outbreaks seem to be restricted to her parents, but she is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of:

A) conduct disorder.
B) juvenile delinquency.
C) childhood schizophrenia.
D) oppositional defiant disorder.

Question 46

Which statement is a qualified criminal justice professor MOST likely to say?

A) "The rate of crime among juveniles is almost evenly split between boys and girls."
B) "The crimes that juvenile boys and girls commit are different."
C) "Fortunately, the overall rate of juvenile crime is declining."
D) "Children are not labeled as delinquent until they reach the age of 13."

Question 47

A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive and has engaged in an increasing number of fights. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is:

A) oppositional defiant disorder.
B) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
C) conduct disorder.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 48

Mike regularly attends Parents Anonymous groups. This suggests that Mike:

A) is a child with conduct disorder who abuses alcohol.
B) is an adolescent with conduct disorder who abuses alcohol or another substance.
C) is the parent of a child who was physically or verbally abused.
D) is a parent who has abused his child.

Question 49

Childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder differ from adult patterns in that:

A) children display depression, but adults generally do not.
B) children display more symptoms of mania than adults do.
C) a higher proportion of girls than women are diagnosed with the disorder.
D) children display rage and aggression rather than mania.

Question 50

The National Institute of Mental Health study known as TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) produced three major surprises. Which is NOT true about the study's findings?

A) A combination of antidepressant medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy was most effective.
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy alone is not much better than a placebo treatment.
C) Antidepressant medication alone is better than cognitive-behavioral therapy alone.
D) The danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been overemphasized and is not that significant.

Question 51

Child abuse is the nonaccidental use of excessive physical or psychological force against a child by:

A) an adult.
B) a classmate.
C) an authority figure.
D) someone older than the child.

Question 52

Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by:

A) eliminating uncontrolled rage as a symptom of bipolar disorder.
B) creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.
C) not allowing a diagnosis of a bipolar disorder until children reach age 18.
D) dividing bipolar disorder into two categories, one with and one without rage.

Question 53

Results from TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) BEST support which conclusion?

A) Second-generation antidepressants should not be used with adolescents because the risk for harm is too high.
B) Treatment that works for one category of people may not be effective for another category of people.
C) Cognitive-behavioral therapy alone is the best treatment for adolescents.
D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy cannot be used with adolescents because of their cognitive limitations.

Question 54

A new disorder in the DSM-5 that is used to describe children with patterns of severe rage is called:

A) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) childhood rage disorder.
D) oppositional defiant disorder.

Question 55

In most cases of child abuse, the abuser is the child's:

A) babysitter.
B) teacher.
C) older sibling.
D) parent.

Question 56

Research suggests that the psychological needs of children who have been abused should be addressed:

A) as early as possible.
B) when they reach the teen years and can better understand the trauma.
C) only if a parent believes it is appropriate.
D) only if the victim deems it necessary after becoming an adult.

Question 57

The main concern over the rise in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and, in particular, the treatment of bipolar disorder in children is the use of:

A) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
B) family therapy.
C) adult medications.
D) psychodynamic therapy.

Question 58

Boys and girls have about the same percentage chance of being diagnosed with:

A) oppositional defiant disorder if they are prepubertal.
B) oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpubertal.
C) conduct disorder if they are prepubertal.
D) conduct disorder if they are postpubertal.

Question 59

A child is extremely aggressive. She is always fighting with her peers and is frequently very cruel to them. She never tells the truth. Her MOST likely diagnosis is:

A) conduct disorder.
B) juvenile delinquency.
C) passive-aggressive disorder.
D) oppositional defiant disorder.

Question 60

Constant criticism or ignoring of a child is considered:

A) punishment.
B) sexual abuse.
C) parental discipline.
D) psychological abuse.

Question 61

Relational aggression is a term used to describe a pattern of aggression MOST common among:

A) girls diagnosed with conduct disorder.
B) boys diagnosed with conduct disorder.
C) boys diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder.
D) girls diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder.

Question 62

A child is receiving problem-solving skills training as a treatment for conduct disorder. Based on this information, you can be reasonably sure that:

A) the administration of a stimulant drug (e.g., Ritalin) is recommended, but not required.
B) the child is a preschooler.
C) the child is female.
D) the interventions used are cognitive-behavioral.

Question 63

Behaviors in which individuals secretly commit nonaggressive behaviors, such as being truant from school, are consistent with what pattern of conduct disorder?

A) overt-destructive
B) overt-nondestructive
C) covert-destructive
D) covert-nondestructive

Question 64

Openly offensive and confrontational behaviors are consistent with what pattern of conduct disorder?

A) overt-destructive
B) overt-nondestructive
C) covert-destructive
D) covert-nondestructive

Question 65

Jordan is a terrible bully. He is very aggressive and repeatedly takes advantage of others. He will say anything to get his way or to try to stay out of trouble. Recently he was arrested for vandalism and ended up getting probation. He will MOST likely be labeled as displaying:

A) conduct disorder.
B) juvenile delinquency.
C) passive-aggressive disorder.
D) oppositional defiant disorder.

Question 66

An intervention in which parents and their children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy targeting and rewarding desired behavior is called:

A) parent-interaction therapy.
B) video modeling.
C) parent management training.
D) family-consequence sensitization.

Question 67

A 16-year-old teenager has just been arrested for the third time for shoplifting. She will MOST likely be labeled with:

A) juvenile delinquency.
B) oppositional defiant disorder.
C) anxiety disorder.
D) mood dysregulation disorder.

Question 68

Conduct disorder has MOST often been associated with:

A) a genetic or hormonal predisposition.
B) a history of child abuse.
C) troubled parent-child relationships.
D) poverty.

Question 69

Secretive destructive behaviors such as violating other people's property, breaking and entering, and setting fires are consistent with what pattern of conduct disorder?

A) overt-destructive
B) overt-nondestructive
C) covert-destructive
D) covert-nondestructive

Question 70

"My seven-year-old needs to get help for conduct disorder. What do you recommend?" Based on current research, which is the BEST answer?

A) "Video modeling works especially well with elementary school children."
B) "Treatment foster care is best, as long as the program is well established."
C) "Parent management training should work best."
D) "Parent-child interaction therapy would be my recommendation."

Question 71

At a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to learn that their son has been showing up late for school, despite leaving home with more than enough time to get to school. This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder?

A) overt-destructive
B) overt-nondestructive
C) covert-destructive
D) covert-nondestructive

Question 72

"No way am I sending my child through that program. I've heard horror stories about how kids act once they leave." Based on research, the person who said this would be accurate if expressing reservations about:

A) a juvenile training center.
B) treatment foster care.
C) problem-solving training.
D) an Anger Coping and Coping Power Program.

Question 73

Which is NOT a goal of parent-child interaction therapy?

A) helping parents set realistic goals for their child's behavior
B) teaching the child better social and coping skills
C) encouraging parents to act consistently with their child
D) teaching parents to use fairer discipline practices

Question 74

Which is MOST likely to be successful as part of a treatment foster care program?

A) family therapy with the foster parents followed by therapy with the biological parents
B) meetings with school, parole, and probation officers if needed
C) training and treatment that involves the child, the foster parents, and the biological parents
D) individual treatment with the child, followed by family therapy

Question 75

The LEAST effective way to deal with conduct disorder is by:

A) implementing prevention programs.
B) teaching children how to deal with their anger.
C) having children live in juvenile training centers.
D) conducting a family intervention.

Question 76

A child with conduct problems participates in group sessions that teach her to manage her anger more effectively, view situations in perspective, solve problems, become aware of her emotions, build social skills, set goals, and handle peer pressure. This child is participating in:

A) the Anger Coping and Coping Power Program.
B) experimental therapy.
C) Scared Straight.
D) Parents and Children Anonymous.

Question 77

Which is NOT an effective treatment for conduct disorder?

A) juvenile training centers
B) treatment foster care
C) anger coping programs
D) problem-solving skills training

Question 78

Openly offensive but nonconfrontational behaviors such as lying are consistent with what pattern of conduct disorder?

A) overt-destructive
B) overt-nondestructive
C) covert-destructive
D) covert-nondestructive

Question 79

Enuresis is defined as:

A) repeated bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes after the age of five.
B) repeated bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes after the age of three.
C) intentional, repeated bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes as an act defiance after the age of five.
D) intentional, repeated bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes as an act defiance after the age of three.

Question 80

Behavior called _____ occurs when a person commits social misdeeds such as slandering others, spreading rumors, and manipulating friendships.

A) mainstreaming
B) relational aggression
C) cyber-bullying
D) covert-nondestructive patterns