Deck 12: An Age of Reform, 1820 -1840

Question 1

MATCHING
Harriet Martineau

A)equated slavery with sin
B)The Liberator
C)Uncle Tom's Cabin
D)Society in America
E)organized the Seneca Falls Convention
F)advocate for the mentally ill
G)leading educational reformer
H)An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
I)editor and martyr of the abolitionist movement
J)Letters on the Equality of the Sexes
K)led Mormons to Great Salt Lake
L)Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Answer 1

Society in America

Question 2

MATCHING
Harriet Beecher Stowe

A)equated slavery with sin
B)The Liberator
C)Uncle Tom's Cabin
D)Society in America
E)organized the Seneca Falls Convention
F)advocate for the mentally ill
G)leading educational reformer
H)An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
I)editor and martyr of the abolitionist movement
J)Letters on the Equality of the Sexes
K)led Mormons to Great Salt Lake
L)Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Answer 2

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Question 3

MATCHING
Sarah Grimké

A)equated slavery with sin
B)The Liberator
C)Uncle Tom's Cabin
D)Society in America
E)organized the Seneca Falls Convention
F)advocate for the mentally ill
G)leading educational reformer
H)An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
I)editor and martyr of the abolitionist movement
J)Letters on the Equality of the Sexes
K)led Mormons to Great Salt Lake
L)Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Answer 3

Letters on the Equality of the Sexes

Question 4

MATCHING
Brook Farm

A)made abolition a political movement
B)group of reformed drinkers
C)Seneca Falls Convention
D)New England transcendentalists
E)advocated blacks returning to Africa
F)tax-supported public schools
G)a vision for a perfect society
H)area of intensive revivals in New York and Ohio
I)preventing antislavery petitions to be heard in Congress
J)feminist style of dress
K)first U.S. black newspaper
L)movement against alcohol

Question 5

MATCHING
Brigham Young

A)equated slavery with sin
B)The Liberator
C)Uncle Tom's Cabin
D)Society in America
E)organized the Seneca Falls Convention
F)advocate for the mentally ill
G)leading educational reformer
H)An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
I)editor and martyr of the abolitionist movement
J)Letters on the Equality of the Sexes
K)led Mormons to Great Salt Lake
L)Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Question 6

MATCHING
gag rule

A)made abolition a political movement
B)group of reformed drinkers
C)Seneca Falls Convention
D)New England transcendentalists
E)advocated blacks returning to Africa
F)tax-supported public schools
G)a vision for a perfect society
H)area of intensive revivals in New York and Ohio
I)preventing antislavery petitions to be heard in Congress
J)feminist style of dress
K)first U.S. black newspaper
L)movement against alcohol

Question 7

MATCHING
Margaret Fuller

A)equated slavery with sin
B)The Liberator
C)Uncle Tom's Cabin
D)Society in America
E)organized the Seneca Falls Convention
F)advocate for the mentally ill
G)leading educational reformer
H)An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
I)editor and martyr of the abolitionist movement
J)Letters on the Equality of the Sexes
K)led Mormons to Great Salt Lake
L)Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Question 8

MATCHING
common schools

A)made abolition a political movement
B)group of reformed drinkers
C)Seneca Falls Convention
D)New England transcendentalists
E)advocated blacks returning to Africa
F)tax-supported public schools
G)a vision for a perfect society
H)area of intensive revivals in New York and Ohio
I)preventing antislavery petitions to be heard in Congress
J)feminist style of dress
K)first U.S. black newspaper
L)movement against alcohol

Question 9

MATCHING
Declaration of Sentiments

A)made abolition a political movement
B)group of reformed drinkers
C)Seneca Falls Convention
D)New England transcendentalists
E)advocated blacks returning to Africa
F)tax-supported public schools
G)a vision for a perfect society
H)area of intensive revivals in New York and Ohio
I)preventing antislavery petitions to be heard in Congress
J)feminist style of dress
K)first U.S. black newspaper
L)movement against alcohol

Question 10

MATCHING
Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A)equated slavery with sin
B)The Liberator
C)Uncle Tom's Cabin
D)Society in America
E)organized the Seneca Falls Convention
F)advocate for the mentally ill
G)leading educational reformer
H)An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
I)editor and martyr of the abolitionist movement
J)Letters on the Equality of the Sexes
K)led Mormons to Great Salt Lake
L)Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Question 11

MATCHING
Dorothea Dix

A)equated slavery with sin
B)The Liberator
C)Uncle Tom's Cabin
D)Society in America
E)organized the Seneca Falls Convention
F)advocate for the mentally ill
G)leading educational reformer
H)An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
I)editor and martyr of the abolitionist movement
J)Letters on the Equality of the Sexes
K)led Mormons to Great Salt Lake
L)Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Question 12

MATCHING
Theodore Weld

A)equated slavery with sin
B)The Liberator
C)Uncle Tom's Cabin
D)Society in America
E)organized the Seneca Falls Convention
F)advocate for the mentally ill
G)leading educational reformer
H)An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
I)editor and martyr of the abolitionist movement
J)Letters on the Equality of the Sexes
K)led Mormons to Great Salt Lake
L)Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Question 13

MATCHING
burned-over districts

A)made abolition a political movement
B)group of reformed drinkers
C)Seneca Falls Convention
D)New England transcendentalists
E)advocated blacks returning to Africa
F)tax-supported public schools
G)a vision for a perfect society
H)area of intensive revivals in New York and Ohio
I)preventing antislavery petitions to be heard in Congress
J)feminist style of dress
K)first U.S. black newspaper
L)movement against alcohol

Question 14

MATCHING
"bloomer" costume

A)made abolition a political movement
B)group of reformed drinkers
C)Seneca Falls Convention
D)New England transcendentalists
E)advocated blacks returning to Africa
F)tax-supported public schools
G)a vision for a perfect society
H)area of intensive revivals in New York and Ohio
I)preventing antislavery petitions to be heard in Congress
J)feminist style of dress
K)first U.S. black newspaper
L)movement against alcohol

Question 15

MATCHING
Elijah Lovejoy

A)equated slavery with sin
B)The Liberator
C)Uncle Tom's Cabin
D)Society in America
E)organized the Seneca Falls Convention
F)advocate for the mentally ill
G)leading educational reformer
H)An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
I)editor and martyr of the abolitionist movement
J)Letters on the Equality of the Sexes
K)led Mormons to Great Salt Lake
L)Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Question 16

MATCHING
Horace Mann

A)equated slavery with sin
B)The Liberator
C)Uncle Tom's Cabin
D)Society in America
E)organized the Seneca Falls Convention
F)advocate for the mentally ill
G)leading educational reformer
H)An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
I)editor and martyr of the abolitionist movement
J)Letters on the Equality of the Sexes
K)led Mormons to Great Salt Lake
L)Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Question 17

MATCHING
David Walker

A)equated slavery with sin
B)The Liberator
C)Uncle Tom's Cabin
D)Society in America
E)organized the Seneca Falls Convention
F)advocate for the mentally ill
G)leading educational reformer
H)An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
I)editor and martyr of the abolitionist movement
J)Letters on the Equality of the Sexes
K)led Mormons to Great Salt Lake
L)Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Question 18

MATCHING
William Lloyd Garrison

A)equated slavery with sin
B)The Liberator
C)Uncle Tom's Cabin
D)Society in America
E)organized the Seneca Falls Convention
F)advocate for the mentally ill
G)leading educational reformer
H)An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
I)editor and martyr of the abolitionist movement
J)Letters on the Equality of the Sexes
K)led Mormons to Great Salt Lake
L)Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Question 19

MATCHING
temperance

A)made abolition a political movement
B)group of reformed drinkers
C)Seneca Falls Convention
D)New England transcendentalists
E)advocated blacks returning to Africa
F)tax-supported public schools
G)a vision for a perfect society
H)area of intensive revivals in New York and Ohio
I)preventing antislavery petitions to be heard in Congress
J)feminist style of dress
K)first U.S. black newspaper
L)movement against alcohol

Question 20

MATCHING
the Liberty Party

A)made abolition a political movement
B)group of reformed drinkers
C)Seneca Falls Convention
D)New England transcendentalists
E)advocated blacks returning to Africa
F)tax-supported public schools
G)a vision for a perfect society
H)area of intensive revivals in New York and Ohio
I)preventing antislavery petitions to be heard in Congress
J)feminist style of dress
K)first U.S. black newspaper
L)movement against alcohol

Question 21

At the end of their trek in the mid-1840s, Mormons led by Brigham Young founded:

A) Nauvoo, Illinois.
B) Independence, Missouri.
C) Santa Fe, New Mexico.
D) Salt Lake City, Utah.
E) Fort Collins, Colorado.

Question 22

Which statement about the Mormons, a group founded by Joseph Smith, is FALSE?

A) The Mormons were founded in the 1840s as an offshoot of Methodism.
B) Joseph Smith believed in the unity of church and state.
C) The group's official name is the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.
D) The Mormons practiced polygamy.
E) Joseph Smith exercised an absolute authority over his followers.

Question 23

Burned-over districts were:

A) areas in New York City where slaves had set fires.
B) in Louisiana, where slaves had burned cotton fields as a form of resistance.
C) regions where few evangelical Protestants lived (as though they had been burned out).
D) in Kansas and Nebraska, where fighting broke out over issues of slavery.
E) in New York and Ohio, where intense revivals occurred.

Question 24

Utopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because most Americans:

A) saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property.
B) feared the Communist Party that endorsed and, in some cases, sponsored these communities.
C) were Protestants, but all utopian communities required members to deny religious beliefs.
D) supported the industrial revolution, but most utopian communities turned away from industry in favor of an agrarian lifestyle.
E) considered the utopian communities to be too materialistic and selfish.

Question 25

The Oneida community:

A) allowed each member an equal vote in governing the community.
B) permitted all of its members to own private property.
C) banished any member who divulged any information about the community's sexual practices.
D) invented the concept of birth control in America.
E) controlled which of its members would be allowed to reproduce.

Question 26

MATCHING
Freedom's Journal

A)made abolition a political movement
B)group of reformed drinkers
C)Seneca Falls Convention
D)New England transcendentalists
E)advocated blacks returning to Africa
F)tax-supported public schools
G)a vision for a perfect society
H)area of intensive revivals in New York and Ohio
I)preventing antislavery petitions to be heard in Congress
J)feminist style of dress
K)first U.S. black newspaper
L)movement against alcohol

Question 27

How did reformers reconcile their desire to create moral order with their quest to enhance personal freedom?

A) They did not even try, because they had no intention of enhancing personal freedom.
B) They claimed that genuine liberty meant allowing others to eliminate those problems that might threaten that liberty.
C) They argued that too many people were "slaves" to various sins and that freeing them from this enslavement would enable them to compete economically.
D) They contended that self-discipline was so rare, someone had to step in and make sure that Americans could enjoy the fruits of their labor.
E) They felt that eliminating temptations would lead to the natural liberty that Protestants had long considered crucial to maintaining a good society.

Question 28

By 1840, the temperance movement in the United States had:

A) united Americans of all classes and religions in a "war" against alcohol.
B) virtually disappeared.
C) convinced Congress to pass a national prohibition law.
D) made no measurable impact on Americans' drinking habits.
E) encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol.

Question 29

MATCHING
utopian

A)made abolition a political movement
B)group of reformed drinkers
C)Seneca Falls Convention
D)New England transcendentalists
E)advocated blacks returning to Africa
F)tax-supported public schools
G)a vision for a perfect society
H)area of intensive revivals in New York and Ohio
I)preventing antislavery petitions to be heard in Congress
J)feminist style of dress
K)first U.S. black newspaper
L)movement against alcohol

Question 30

Although it only lasted a few years, the New Harmony community:

A) demonstrated that workers could function without discipline.
B) influenced education reformers and women's rights advocates.
C) popularized the abolitionist movement.
D) allowed Josiah Warren to prove his point about absolute individual freedom.
E) inspired the formation of more than a dozen off-shoot communities by 1850.

Question 31

The reform communities established in the years before the Civil War:

A) followed all of the laws but simply banned ownership of private property.
B) usually followed standard gender and marital relations.
C) made no effort to combat the growing disparity between rich and poor.
D) called themselves utopian because they knew that their efforts were likely to fail.
E) set out to reorganize society on a cooperative basis.

Question 32

Who founded the Shakers?

A) Joseph Smith
B) Ann Lee
C) Aimee McPherson
D) Louisa Alcott
E) Robert Matthews

Question 33

Brook Farm:

A) kept manual and intellectual labor strictly separate.
B) was modeled on the ideas of British reformer Robert Dale Owen.
C) showed that the Shaker philosophy worked as well in America as in Britain.
D) was founded by New England transcendentalists.
E) received favorable publicity from a Nathaniel Hawthorne novel.

Question 34

Abby Kelley:

A) was one of the only female voices in the abolitionist movement.
B) demonstrated the interconnectedness of nineteenth-century reform movements.
C) was the first American woman to speak in public.
D) married a leading temperance advocate.
E) quit speaking publicly against slavery after her child was born.

Question 35

According to Alexis de Tocqueville, what were the most important institutions for organizing Americans?

A) state and federal governments
B) schools
C) political parties
D) voluntary associations
E) churches

Question 36

MATCHING
Washingtonian Society

A)made abolition a political movement
B)group of reformed drinkers
C)Seneca Falls Convention
D)New England transcendentalists
E)advocated blacks returning to Africa
F)tax-supported public schools
G)a vision for a perfect society
H)area of intensive revivals in New York and Ohio
I)preventing antislavery petitions to be heard in Congress
J)feminist style of dress
K)first U.S. black newspaper
L)movement against alcohol

Question 37

MATCHING
American Colonization Society

A)made abolition a political movement
B)group of reformed drinkers
C)Seneca Falls Convention
D)New England transcendentalists
E)advocated blacks returning to Africa
F)tax-supported public schools
G)a vision for a perfect society
H)area of intensive revivals in New York and Ohio
I)preventing antislavery petitions to be heard in Congress
J)feminist style of dress
K)first U.S. black newspaper
L)movement against alcohol

Question 38

Which of the following correctly pairs the reform community with the state in which it was located?

A) Brook Farm: Virginia
B) Oneida: Massachusetts
C) Zoar: Maine
D) New Harmony: Indiana
E) Modern Times: Tennessee

Question 39

About ____________ reform communities, often called utopian communities, were established in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century.

A) 20
B) 50
C) 100
D) 500
E) 200

Question 40

Which statement about Shakers is FALSE?

A) They practiced "complex marriage" and publicly recorded sexual relations.
B) Their numbers grew through conversions and the adoption of orphans.
C) They bred cattle for profit and made furniture.
D) They believed that men and women were spiritually equal.
E) They abandoned private property and traditional family life.

Question 41

Members of which of the following groups were generally opposed to the temperance movement?

A) Catholics
B) Protestants
C) women
D) perfectionists
E) northern middle class

Question 42

William Lloyd Garrison published an abolitionist newspaper called:

A) Free Press.
B) The Liberator.
C) The Pursuit of Happiness,
D) The North Star.
E) Gideon's Trumpet.

Question 43

According to the mid-nineteenth-century physicians and racial theorists Josiah Nott and George Gliddon:

A) there were no separate species of races.
B) blacks and chimpanzees were the same.
C) skull sizes were the same for all races, but intelligence differed.
D) there was a hierarchy of races, with blacks forming a separate species between whites and chimpanzees.
E) there was not yet enough scientific data to prove either the southern or the abolitionist points of view.

Question 44

Abolitionists challenged stereotypes about African-Americans by:

A) countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a separate species.
B) presenting the compositions of Henry Highland Garnet to disprove the belief that African culture was inferior because it produced no classical music composers.
C) pointing to Haiti, the scene of the famous slave revolt of the 1790s and 1800s, as a model of civilization.
D) making January 1, the anniversary of the end of the international slave trade, a holiday throughout the North until the end of the Civil War.
E) nominating Frederick Douglass for president in 1852 and winning him Vermont's electoral votes.

Question 45

The frontispiece of the 1848 edition of David Walker's book depicts a black figure receiving "liberty" and "justice" from:

A) the Declaration of Independence.
B) a slave master.
C) the Constitution.
D) the Underground Railroad.
E) heaven.

Question 46

How did the abolitionists link themselves to the nation's Revolutionary heritage?

A) They seized on the preamble to the Declaration of Independence as an attack against slavery.
B) They cracked the Liberty Bell to signify that the bonds of liberty were breaking under the weight of slavery.
C) They used mob action, just as the revolutionaries had when they attacked such disagreeable measures as the Stamp Act.
D) They reminded audiences constantly that the main issue the Sons of Liberty and similar groups had invoked was liberty.
E) They made a heroic figure of Crispus Attucks, the African-American who died at the Boston Massacre.

Question 47

Common schools:

A) had no connection to the emerging industrial economy.
B) were based on the idea that the elite should be educated in their own schools.
C) suffered from the opposition of labor unions that wanted children available to work.
D) existed in every northern state by the time of the Civil War.
E) proved to be as popular in the North as they were in the South.

Question 48

Freedom's Journal:

A) was the autobiography of Joseph Taper, a fugitive slave.
B) published Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin.
C) was the newspaper of the Owenite community at New Harmony.
D) was established by Abby Kelley.
E) was the first black-run newspaper in the United States.

Question 49

What did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums?

A) that the persons entering these institutions would likely never leave them
B) that they were not widely needed and not many were built
C) that they would be excellent holding centers for society's undesirables
D) that the persons in the facilities could be used as forced labor in factories
E) that they could rehabilitate individuals and then release them back into society

Question 50

How did the abolitionist movement that arose in the 1830s differ from earlier antislavery efforts?

A) Actually, the two movements were quite similar in every way; the later one was simply more well-known because more people were literate by the 1830s.
B) The later movement drew much more on the religious conviction that slavery was an unparalleled sin and needed to be destroyed immediately.
C) Earlier opponents of slavery had called for immediate emancipation, but the later group devised a plan for gradual emancipation that won broader support.
D) The later movement banned participation by African-Americans, because they feared that their involvement would cause a backlash.
E) The movement of the 1830s introduced the idea of colonizing freed slaves outside the United States, which proved immensely popular with southern whites.

Question 51

Like Indian removal, the colonization of former slaves rested on the premise that America:

A) was fundamentally a white society.
B) wanted what was in the best interest of all the people.
C) was not financially able to support all who lived there.
D) provided opportunity for new land to those who desired it.
E) was a land of diversity and equality.

Question 52

What book was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson?

A) An Appeal to Reason
B) Society in America
C) Twelve Years a Slave
D) Uncle Tom's Cabin
E) Slavery As It Is

Question 53

William Lloyd Garrison:

A) secretly financed Nat Turner's Rebellion.
B) began publishing his newspaper in Richmond, Virginia, in 1831, but moved it to friendlier territory two years later.
C) attracted little support from fellow abolitionists, but historians have discovered his importance.
D) suggested that the North dissolve the Union to free itself of any connection to slavery.
E) published American Slavery As It Is, an influential pamphlet.

Question 54

The role of African-Americans in the abolitionist movement:

A) was limited to the writings and speeches of Frederick Douglass.
B) included helping to finance William Lloyd Garrison's newspaper.
C) showed that the movement was free from the racism that characterized American society.
D) was limited because the American Anti-Slavery Society banned them from its board of directors.
E) grew over time until, by the 1850s, the movement was dominated by blacks.

Question 55

The American Tract Society was focused on:

A) slavery.
B) drinking.
C) feminism.
D) suffrage.
E) religion.

Question 56

The proliferation of new institutions such as poorhouses and asylums for the insane during the antebellum era demonstrated the:

A) lengths to which the federal government would go to provide for the general well-being of its citizens.
B) power of the Democratic Party.
C) tension between liberation and control in the era's reform movements.
D) expansion of liberty for those members of society who could not take care of themselves.
E) general economic prosperity of the nation.

Question 57

Horace Mann believed that public schools would do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) "equalize the conditions of men."
B) provide an avenue for social advancement.
C) help build character.
D) reinforce social stability.
E) help eliminate racial discrimination.

Question 58

The North-Carolina-born free black whose Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World won widespread attention was:

A) David Walker.
B) William Lloyd Garrison.
C) Lewis Tappan.
D) Wendell Phillips.
E) Theodore Weld.

Question 59

William Lloyd Garrison argued in Thoughts on African Colonization that:

A) blacks could never fully achieve equality in America and would be happier in Africa.
B) because slaves were uneducated, it was necessary to educate them in America before sending them to Africa.
C) blacks were not "strangers" in America to be shipped abroad, but should be recognized as a permanent part of American society.
D) colonization should be subsidized through a tax on cotton.
E) because blacks had no political experience, Garrison himself ought to be appointed governor of the African colony.

Question 60

The colonization of freed U.S. slaves to Africa:

A) received no support from southern slaveholders.
B) was strongly endorsed by William Lloyd Garrison throughout his career.
C) led to the creation of the free African nation of Ghana in 1835.
D) was praised by the English writer Harriet Martineau.
E) prompted the adamant opposition of most free African-Americans.

Question 61

The gag rule:

A) stated that newspapers could not print antislavery materials.
B) prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions.
C) denied women the right to speak in mixed-sex public gatherings.
D) prevented Congregational ministers from preaching against Catholics.
E) was adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention to symbolize that women did not have a voice in politics.

Question 62

Angelina and Sarah Grimké:

A) supported Catharine Beecher's efforts to expand political and social rights for women.
B) critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women.
C) were Pennsylvania-born Quakers whose religion compelled them to oppose slavery.
D) lectured publicly on slavery and women's rights for nearly a quarter century.
E) delivered many public lectures in which they detailed their escape from slavery.

Question 63

The ____________ was established in hopes of making abolitionism a political movement.

A) Liberty Party
B) Whig Party
C) North Star Party
D) Republican Party
E) Afro-American Party

Question 64

Although it was an exciting miniature university, the transcendentalists' Brook Farm community failed in part because many of the intellectuals who participated disliked farm labor.

Question 65

Dorothea Dix devoted much time to the crusade for the:

A) immediate abolition of slavery.
B) establishment of common schools in the South.
C) better treatment for convicted criminals in jail.
D) construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane.
E) right for women to vote in local school elections.

Question 66

All of the following are true of Margaret Fuller EXCEPT:

A) She was the first feminist leader educated at a major college.
B) Her father was a member of Congress.
C) She was the first female literary editor of the New York Tribune.
D) She was a leading transcendentalist.
E) She believed marrying an American would mean subordinating herself to male dictation.

Question 67

Which of the following was NOT a reform movement in which women played a prominent role during the early to mid-nineteenth century?

A) abolitionism
B) mental health treatment
C) the anti-Mexican-War movement
D) redemption of prostitutes
E) temperance

Question 68

The Mormons under Joseph Smith strongly supported the principle of separation of church and state.

Question 69

The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments:

A) did not demand voting rights for women because the participants were so divided on that issue.
B) was modeled on the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution.
C) was written primarily by the Grimké sisters.
D) condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women.
E) inspired Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to become abolitionists.

Question 70

The antislavery poet John Greenleaf Whittier compared reformer Abby Kelley to:

A) Helen of Troy, who sowed the seeds of male destruction.
B) an Amazon, a mighty female warrior of Greek mythology.
C) Queen Elizabeth, who had ruled the British empire with such skill.
D) Molly Pitcher, the patriotic heroine of the American Revolution.
E) Joan of Arc, who led the armies of France into battle.

Question 71

The Shakers believed God had a dual personality, both male and female.

Question 72

What did the Fourth of July represent to Frederick Douglass?

A) the hypocrisy of a nation that proclaimed liberty but sanctioned slavery
B) the ultimate celebration of freedom
C) a beacon of hope that someday America would honor the claim that "all men are created equal"
D) an opportunity for slaves to join in a mass rebellion against their masters
E) the anniversary of the day he ran away from his master and claimed freedom

Question 73

The American Temperance Society directed its efforts at the drunkards, but not the occasional drinker.

Question 74

In general, Catholics supported the temperance movement.

Question 75

Frederick Douglass wrote, "When the true history of the antislavery cause shall be written, ____________ will occupy a large space in its pages."

A) newspaper editors
B) black abolitionists
C) freed slaves
D) white abolitionists
E) women

Question 76

What was a "bloomer" in the 1850s?

A) a utopian society
B) a new supporter of abolition
C) a feminist style of dress
D) an agricultural reformer
E) an advocate of free speech

Question 77

The death of Elijah Lovejoy in 1837:

A) convinced many northerners that slavery was incompatible with white Americans' liberties.
B) resulted from his leading an anti-abolitionist mob that attacked William Lloyd Garrison.
C) demonstrated that fugitive slaves like Lovejoy faced great dangers while escaping from "slave catchers."
D) was played up by temperance pamphleteers to show the hazards of alcoholism.
E) led Congress to adopt the gag rule in order to prevent the sort of heated arguments that caused his death.

Question 78

The antebellum utopian communities were largely located in the Upper South.

Question 79

To members of the North's emerging middle-class culture, reform became a badge of respectability.

Question 80

Institutions like jails, mental hospitals, and public schools were inspired by the conviction that those who passed through their doors could eventually be released to become productive, self-disciplined citizens.