Deck 9: The Market Revolution, 1800 -1840

Question 1

MATCHING
Cyrus McCormick

A)Supreme Court chief justice
B)transcendentalist
C)coined the term "manifest destiny"
D)established America's first factory
E)steamboat innovator
F)African Methodist Episcopal Church
G)steel plow
H)self-made millionaire
I)preacher in New York
J)reaper
K)Frugal Housewife
L)called for a radical change in the wage labor system

Answer 1

reaper

Question 2

MATCHING
Robert Fulton

A)Supreme Court chief justice
B)transcendentalist
C)coined the term "manifest destiny"
D)established America's first factory
E)steamboat innovator
F)African Methodist Episcopal Church
G)steel plow
H)self-made millionaire
I)preacher in New York
J)reaper
K)Frugal Housewife
L)called for a radical change in the wage labor system

Answer 2

steamboat innovator

Question 3

MATCHING
Samuel Slater

A)Supreme Court chief justice
B)transcendentalist
C)coined the term "manifest destiny"
D)established America's first factory
E)steamboat innovator
F)African Methodist Episcopal Church
G)steel plow
H)self-made millionaire
I)preacher in New York
J)reaper
K)Frugal Housewife
L)called for a radical change in the wage labor system

Answer 3

established America's first factory

Question 4

MATCHING
Richard Allen

A)Supreme Court chief justice
B)transcendentalist
C)coined the term "manifest destiny"
D)established America's first factory
E)steamboat innovator
F)African Methodist Episcopal Church
G)steel plow
H)self-made millionaire
I)preacher in New York
J)reaper
K)Frugal Housewife
L)called for a radical change in the wage labor system

Question 5

MATCHING
cult of domesticity

A)a celebration of the home
B)revolutionized American slavery
C)mass production of interchangeable parts
D)a personal moral quality associated with women
E)a belief that American expansion was divinely appointed
F)religious revival
G)a decree that labor organization was legal
H)a literary and philosophical movement
I)groups chained together while migrating to the Deep South
J)a charted entity that has rights and liabilities distinct from those of its members
K)prejudice against immigrants
L)waterway linking New York City to the Great Lakes

Question 6

MATCHING
John Deere

A)Supreme Court chief justice
B)transcendentalist
C)coined the term "manifest destiny"
D)established America's first factory
E)steamboat innovator
F)African Methodist Episcopal Church
G)steel plow
H)self-made millionaire
I)preacher in New York
J)reaper
K)Frugal Housewife
L)called for a radical change in the wage labor system

Question 7

MATCHING
transcendentalism

A)a celebration of the home
B)revolutionized American slavery
C)mass production of interchangeable parts
D)a personal moral quality associated with women
E)a belief that American expansion was divinely appointed
F)religious revival
G)a decree that labor organization was legal
H)a literary and philosophical movement
I)groups chained together while migrating to the Deep South
J)a charted entity that has rights and liabilities distinct from those of its members
K)prejudice against immigrants
L)waterway linking New York City to the Great Lakes

Question 8

MATCHING
American System

A)a celebration of the home
B)revolutionized American slavery
C)mass production of interchangeable parts
D)a personal moral quality associated with women
E)a belief that American expansion was divinely appointed
F)religious revival
G)a decree that labor organization was legal
H)a literary and philosophical movement
I)groups chained together while migrating to the Deep South
J)a charted entity that has rights and liabilities distinct from those of its members
K)prejudice against immigrants
L)waterway linking New York City to the Great Lakes

Question 9

MATCHING
corporation

A)a celebration of the home
B)revolutionized American slavery
C)mass production of interchangeable parts
D)a personal moral quality associated with women
E)a belief that American expansion was divinely appointed
F)religious revival
G)a decree that labor organization was legal
H)a literary and philosophical movement
I)groups chained together while migrating to the Deep South
J)a charted entity that has rights and liabilities distinct from those of its members
K)prejudice against immigrants
L)waterway linking New York City to the Great Lakes

Question 10

MATCHING
Charles
G. Finney

A)Supreme Court chief justice
B)transcendentalist
C)coined the term "manifest destiny"
D)established America's first factory
E)steamboat innovator
F)African Methodist Episcopal Church
G)steel plow
H)self-made millionaire
I)preacher in New York
J)reaper
K)Frugal Housewife
L)called for a radical change in the wage labor system

Question 11

MATCHING
Second Great Awakening

A)a celebration of the home
B)revolutionized American slavery
C)mass production of interchangeable parts
D)a personal moral quality associated with women
E)a belief that American expansion was divinely appointed
F)religious revival
G)a decree that labor organization was legal
H)a literary and philosophical movement
I)groups chained together while migrating to the Deep South
J)a charted entity that has rights and liabilities distinct from those of its members
K)prejudice against immigrants
L)waterway linking New York City to the Great Lakes

Question 12

MATCHING
Commonwealth v. Hunt

A)a celebration of the home
B)revolutionized American slavery
C)mass production of interchangeable parts
D)a personal moral quality associated with women
E)a belief that American expansion was divinely appointed
F)religious revival
G)a decree that labor organization was legal
H)a literary and philosophical movement
I)groups chained together while migrating to the Deep South
J)a charted entity that has rights and liabilities distinct from those of its members
K)prejudice against immigrants
L)waterway linking New York City to the Great Lakes

Question 13

MATCHING
slave coffles

A)a celebration of the home
B)revolutionized American slavery
C)mass production of interchangeable parts
D)a personal moral quality associated with women
E)a belief that American expansion was divinely appointed
F)religious revival
G)a decree that labor organization was legal
H)a literary and philosophical movement
I)groups chained together while migrating to the Deep South
J)a charted entity that has rights and liabilities distinct from those of its members
K)prejudice against immigrants
L)waterway linking New York City to the Great Lakes

Question 14

MATCHING
Orestes Brownson

A)Supreme Court chief justice
B)transcendentalist
C)coined the term "manifest destiny"
D)established America's first factory
E)steamboat innovator
F)African Methodist Episcopal Church
G)steel plow
H)self-made millionaire
I)preacher in New York
J)reaper
K)Frugal Housewife
L)called for a radical change in the wage labor system

Question 15

MATCHING
John O'Sullivan

A)Supreme Court chief justice
B)transcendentalist
C)coined the term "manifest destiny"
D)established America's first factory
E)steamboat innovator
F)African Methodist Episcopal Church
G)steel plow
H)self-made millionaire
I)preacher in New York
J)reaper
K)Frugal Housewife
L)called for a radical change in the wage labor system

Question 16

MATCHING
Ralph Waldo Emerson

A)Supreme Court chief justice
B)transcendentalist
C)coined the term "manifest destiny"
D)established America's first factory
E)steamboat innovator
F)African Methodist Episcopal Church
G)steel plow
H)self-made millionaire
I)preacher in New York
J)reaper
K)Frugal Housewife
L)called for a radical change in the wage labor system

Question 17

MATCHING
John Jacob Astor

A)Supreme Court chief justice
B)transcendentalist
C)coined the term "manifest destiny"
D)established America's first factory
E)steamboat innovator
F)African Methodist Episcopal Church
G)steel plow
H)self-made millionaire
I)preacher in New York
J)reaper
K)Frugal Housewife
L)called for a radical change in the wage labor system

Question 18

MATCHING
Roger Taney

A)Supreme Court chief justice
B)transcendentalist
C)coined the term "manifest destiny"
D)established America's first factory
E)steamboat innovator
F)African Methodist Episcopal Church
G)steel plow
H)self-made millionaire
I)preacher in New York
J)reaper
K)Frugal Housewife
L)called for a radical change in the wage labor system

Question 19

MATCHING
cotton gin

A)a celebration of the home
B)revolutionized American slavery
C)mass production of interchangeable parts
D)a personal moral quality associated with women
E)a belief that American expansion was divinely appointed
F)religious revival
G)a decree that labor organization was legal
H)a literary and philosophical movement
I)groups chained together while migrating to the Deep South
J)a charted entity that has rights and liabilities distinct from those of its members
K)prejudice against immigrants
L)waterway linking New York City to the Great Lakes

Question 20

MATCHING
Lydia Maria Child

A)Supreme Court chief justice
B)transcendentalist
C)coined the term "manifest destiny"
D)established America's first factory
E)steamboat innovator
F)African Methodist Episcopal Church
G)steel plow
H)self-made millionaire
I)preacher in New York
J)reaper
K)Frugal Housewife
L)called for a radical change in the wage labor system

Question 21

The American railroad industry in the first half of the nineteenth century:

A) was exclusively in the North.
B) stimulated the coal mining industry.
C) was smaller in terms of total miles of track than the European rail system.
D) mainly connected one waterway to another waterway.
E) encouraged entrepreneurs to begin building extensive canal systems for the first time.

Question 22

MATCHING
Nativism

A)a celebration of the home
B)revolutionized American slavery
C)mass production of interchangeable parts
D)a personal moral quality associated with women
E)a belief that American expansion was divinely appointed
F)religious revival
G)a decree that labor organization was legal
H)a literary and philosophical movement
I)groups chained together while migrating to the Deep South
J)a charted entity that has rights and liabilities distinct from those of its members
K)prejudice against immigrants
L)waterway linking New York City to the Great Lakes

Question 23

What problem with cotton did Eli Whitney solve by inventing the cotton gin?

A) Whitney figured out how to remove the cotton-destroying boll weevil and thereby save the cotton crop.
B) Removing seeds from the cotton was a slow and painstaking task, but Whitney made it much easier and less labor-intensive.
C) Processing cotton required too many different pieces of equipment, but Whitney figured out how to change the equipment more easily and quickly, saving time and money.
D) Planting the cotton took too many hours to make its growth very profitable, but Whitney enabled planters to use a machine to speed the planting.
E) The production of southern whiskey required the use of cotton in purifying the liquor, but the cotton absorbed too much liquid; Whitney's machine changed that.

Question 24

MATCHING
manifest destiny

A)a celebration of the home
B)revolutionized American slavery
C)mass production of interchangeable parts
D)a personal moral quality associated with women
E)a belief that American expansion was divinely appointed
F)religious revival
G)a decree that labor organization was legal
H)a literary and philosophical movement
I)groups chained together while migrating to the Deep South
J)a charted entity that has rights and liabilities distinct from those of its members
K)prejudice against immigrants
L)waterway linking New York City to the Great Lakes

Question 25

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the American acquisition of Florida from Spain?

A) Andrew Jackson's invasion of the area, during which his men killed British agents and Indian chiefs
B) the American seizure of Baton Rouge
C) the desire of Georgia and Alabama planters to eliminate a refuge for fugitive slaves
D) Spain's loss of Haiti in a slave rebellion, which rendered Florida imperially unimportant
E) Spain's realization that it was unable to defend the area

Question 26

The Erie Canal gave which city primacy over competing ports in accessing trade with the Northwest?

A) Baltimore
B) Philadelphia
C) Boston
D) New York
E) Chicago

Question 27

The catalyst for the market revolution was a series of innovations in:

A) manufacturing.
B) agriculture.
C) banking and financing.
D) labor contracts.
E) transportation and communication.

Question 28

MATCHING
virtue

A)a celebration of the home
B)revolutionized American slavery
C)mass production of interchangeable parts
D)a personal moral quality associated with women
E)a belief that American expansion was divinely appointed
F)religious revival
G)a decree that labor organization was legal
H)a literary and philosophical movement
I)groups chained together while migrating to the Deep South
J)a charted entity that has rights and liabilities distinct from those of its members
K)prejudice against immigrants
L)waterway linking New York City to the Great Lakes

Question 29

America's first commercial railroad was the:

A) Pennsylvania Railroad.
B) Union Pacific Railroad.
C) Reading Railroad.
D) Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
E) South Carolina Railroad.

Question 30

What improvement most dramatically increased the speed and lowered the expense of commerce in the first half of the nineteenth century?

A) the transcontinental railroad
B) canals and steamboats
C) the factory system
D) a system of federally-financed roads
E) the establishment of an efficient postal system

Question 31

What was the significance of Robert Fulton?

A) He was responsible for the construction of the Erie Canal.
B) His work in designing steamboats made upstream commerce possible.
C) His innovations led to the revolution in turnpike construction in the early nineteenth century.
D) As mayor of New York City, he worked to make that city a commercial center.
E) He sponsored congressional legislation that authorized building of the National Road.

Question 32

What was the most important export from the United States by the midnineteenth century?

A) tobacco
B) coal
C) timber
D) cotton
E) wheat

Question 33

Which of the following is true of Lafayette's 1824 visit to the United States?

A) He made a series of speeches supporting the emancipation of slaves.
B) Federalists strongly protested the visit because of Lafayette's connections with the French Revolution.
C) Southern states banned "persons of color" from ceremonies honoring him.
D) He negotiated a trade agreement that demonstrated the rising economic influence of the United States.
E) He came to attend the funeral of his good friend, Thomas Jefferson.

Question 34

The first industry to be shaped by the large factory system was:

A) textiles.
B) guns.
C) ironworks.
D) pottery.
E) shoemaking.

Question 35

Squatters:

A) set up farms on unoccupied land.
B) were corporate charters issued by states as contracts.
C) strung telegraph lines between poles.
D) set the dynamite as part of railroad construction crews.
E) is a derogatory name for the girls who worked in the mill factories.

Question 36

Which statement about the western settlements is FALSE?

A) Settlers often set up farms on land to which they did not have legal title.
B) People cooperated with each other to clear land and build shelters.
C) The government discouraged western settlement at every turn.
D) Americans settled without regard to national boundaries.
E) Improvements in transportation and communication accelerated western settlement.

Question 37

Most of the states that entered the Union in the six years immediately following the War of 1812 were located:

A) west of the Mississippi River.
B) in the Old Northwest.
C) south of the Mason-Dixon line.
D) in the Louisiana Purchase territory.
E) west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Question 38

The Erie Canal:

A) was far longer than any other canal in the United States at that time.
B) attracted an influx of farmers migrating from Virginia and the Carolinas to the Northwest.
C) was strongly opposed by residents of Buffalo and Rochester, who feared their cities would lose business.
D) was championed by Pennsylvania governor William Findlay.
E) proved economically unviable and was abandoned within a decade of its opening.

Question 39

MATCHING
Erie Canal

A)a celebration of the home
B)revolutionized American slavery
C)mass production of interchangeable parts
D)a personal moral quality associated with women
E)a belief that American expansion was divinely appointed
F)religious revival
G)a decree that labor organization was legal
H)a literary and philosophical movement
I)groups chained together while migrating to the Deep South
J)a charted entity that has rights and liabilities distinct from those of its members
K)prejudice against immigrants
L)waterway linking New York City to the Great Lakes

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT an example of the significance of Eli Whitney's cotton gin?

A) Cotton production increased dramatically in about a quarter of a century.
B) The Atlantic slave trade to the United States expanded in its last few years of existence.
C) The federal government moved to consolidate American control of the Deep South by driving out Native Americans and acquiring Florida.
D) The domestic slave trade grew.
E) The completion of the Erie Canal allowed the transportation of thousands of pounds of cotton per day.

Question 41

How did the market revolution affect the lives of artisans?

A) Their lives changed little, because the economy allowed for plenty of room for specialized craftsmen.
B) New competition created opportunities for the specialized skills of artisans, so their numbers expanded.
C) Gathered in factories, they faced constant supervision and the breakdown of craftsmanship into specialized tasks.
D) They began working in factories, which they preferred to enduring years of apprenticeship under the old system.
E) Most artisans became factory owners and prospered as never before.

Question 42

Which of the following was NOT a way that the market revolution changed western farming?

A) As the West became more settled, western farmers found that they could cater to the market and grow crops they could sell.
B) John Deere's steel plow made it easier to till larger quantities of soil.
C) Cyrus McCormick's reaper made it quicker and easier for them to harvest wheat.
D) Eastern banks and insurance companies financed the acquisitions of supplies needed to expand farmland.
E) Farmers in the Old Northwest used slave labor to expand their production.

Question 43

What city was known as "porkopolis" because of its slaughterhouses that butchered and processed hundreds of thousands of pigs each year?

A) Cincinnati
B) Des Moines
C) Indianapolis
D) Chicago
E) St. Louis

Question 44

Samuel Slater:

A) developed stone-crushing technology useful for road building.
B) established America's first factory.
C) invented the cotton gin.
D) established the Erie Canal.
E) was a steamboat innovator.

Question 45

Women who worked at the Lowell mills:

A) never had time to make friends.
B) commuted daily to work from their family farms.
C) quickly organized a union to strike for higher wages.
D) held management positions.
E) lived in closely supervised boardinghouses.

Question 46

Which statement about corporations is FALSE?

A) A corporation could fail without ruining its directors and stockholders.
B) The corporation was not a vital component in the new market economy.
C) A corporation enjoyed special privileges and powers granted in a charter from the government.
D) Corporations were able to raise far more capital than the traditional forms of enterprise.
E) Many Americans distrusted corporate charters as a form of government granted special privilege.

Question 47

In an 1837 case involving the Charles River in Massachusetts, Chief Justice Roger Taney:

A) declared the community had a legitimate interest in promoting transportation and prosperity.
B) held that adding a second bridge over the river violated the charter rights of the company that built the first bridge.
C) granted Robert Fulton's steamboat company a monopoly in the ferry business on the river.
D) issued an opinion in which the U.S. Supreme Court, for the first time, overturned a state law.
E) officially declared that capitalism was the economic system of the United States.

Question 48

The "American system of manufactures":

A) owed a great deal to Eli Terry's development of interchangeable parts in clockmaking.
B) originated among entrepreneurs in the Old Northwest before spreading to New England.
C) referred to the production of specialty handmade goods by highly skilled artisans.
D) was centered entirely on agricultural machinery.
E) was nearly derailed by Chief Justice John Marshall's hostility to economic development.

Question 49

The transcendentalist movement:

A) emphasized individual judgment, not tradition.
B) is also known as the Second Great Awakening.
C) stressed team work in order to industrialize.
D) was largely based in the South.
E) celebrated the economic developments of the market revolution.

Question 50

According to John O'Sullivan, the "manifest destiny" of the United States to occupy North America could be traced to:

A) the Treaty of Paris of 1783.
B) a divine mission.
C) the Adams-Onis Treaty.
D) the Bible.
E) federal treaties with Indian nations.

Question 51

Which of the following was NOT a way in which westward movement affected the South?

A) It led to the increased breaking up of slave families and communities.
B) The plantation economy expanded beyond the coastal regions.
C) Transportation and banking remained adjuncts of the plantation system.
D) The South had to develop a highly effective railroad system to transport goods from west to east.
E) The South's agrarian, slave-based social order reproduced itself as settlers went west.

Question 52

Which of the following helped to increase the visibility and power of the Catholic Church in America in the mid-nineteenth century?

A) the fact that President Jackson was Catholic
B) the number of Italian Catholic immigrants grew dramatically
C) Congressional passage of an Act of Religious Toleration that gave Catholics political rights
D) the number of Irish Catholic immigrants grew dramatically
E) Archbishop John Hughes's wave of revivals that converted thousands to Catholicism

Question 53

For which of the following did nativists NOT blame immigrants in the 1840s?

A) urban crime
B) increased Protestantism
C) alcohol abuses
D) undercutting wages
E) political corruption

Question 54

In Gibbons v. Ogden, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that:

A) the Louisiana Purchase was unconstitutional.
B) Congress had the authority to create the Bank of the United States.
C) New York could not grant a monopoly on steamboat navigation between New York and New Jersey.
D) corporations were illegal because their potential to become monopolistic posed a threat to individual free enterprise.
E) railroad workers had no right to strike since it interfered with national commerce.

Question 55

What encouraged the building of factories in coastal towns such as New Bedford and even large inland cities such as Chicago by the 1840s?

A) Such places generally had cheaper labor (usually consisting of African Americans) than existed in the earlier, highly unionized factory towns such as Lowell and Pawtucket.
B) Under Henry Clay's American System, federal and state governments subsidized factories in those locations.
C) Steam power meant factories no longer had to be near waterfalls and rapids to generate the power.
D) Factory owners were attracted by the highly skilled labor pool of German immigrants who settled in those areas.
E) The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Gibbons v. Ogden removed obstacles to the placement of factories in densely populated areas.

Question 56

At the Lowell textile mills:

A) southern-born women dominated the workforce, because of their superior knowledge of cotton.
B) the lack of supervision showed that the female workers were capable of managing their own lives, which inspired the women's rights movement.
C) most women worked once their children were old enough to take care of themselves.
D) the owners established lecture halls, churches, and a worker-edited periodical to occupy the workers' free time.
E) immigrant women dominated the workforce in the 1820s.

Question 57

How did the market revolution change the way Americans conceived of time?

A) It led Congress to create time zones in 1823.
B) Clocks increasingly regulated the separation of work and leisure time.
C) Artisans began spending their lunch hours in political discussions, rather than just taking breaks as they worked throughout the day.
D) It lengthened life expectancy because Americans no longer had to work from sunrise to sunset as they had on farms.
E) It enhanced the individual American's sense of independence to be able to walk away from work at a certain time.

Question 58

In response to the market revolution:

A) the legal system worked with local governments to find better ways to regulate entrepreneurs.
B) Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that legislatures could not alter or rescind charters and contracts that previous legislatures had created.
C) local judges protected businessmen from paying property damages associated with factory construction and from workers seeking to unionize.
D) Massachusetts Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw held in Commonwealth v. Hunt that workers had no right to organize.
E) corporations proved less able to raise capital than chartered companies did.

Question 59

The "German triangle" in the mid-nineteenth century referred to:

A) a Baltimore neighborhood with a large German immigrant population.
B) the identifying patch German immigrants were forced to wear in some American cities.
C) Cincinnati, St. Louis, and Milwaukee-cities with large German populations.
D) the special kind of ballot Democrats gave German-speaking voters.
E) the superior plow that German immigrant Thomas Mannheim introduced to the United States.

Question 60

The majority of the nearly 4 million immigrants that entered the United States between 1840 and 1860 were from:

A) England and Germany.
B) Germany and Ireland.
C) China and Ireland.
D) Mexico and England.
E) Germany and China.

Question 61

In 1829, Lydia Maria Child wrote a popular book called:

A) A Housewife No More.
B) The Feminine Mystique.
C) National Mother, Virtuous Wife.
D) Save a Penny for the Family.
E) The Frugal Housewife.

Question 62

What came to be redefined as a personal moral quality associated more and more closely with women?

A) freedom
B) liberty
C) virtue
D) family
E) temperance

Question 63

After 1814, commercial farmers began replacing the self-sufficient farmer, while factory workers began replacing the skilled artisan.

Question 64

During the first half of the nineteenth century, individualism:

A) came under attack from Henry David Thoreau.
B) was defined in a way that distinguished it completely from the idea of privacy.
C) hampered efforts to spread democracy because it reduced interest in suffrage.
D) was rooted in the idea of self-sufficiency.
E) was a subject on which all transcendentalists agreed.

Question 65

Which denomination enjoyed the largest membership in the United States by the 1840s?

A) Methodist
B) Roman Catholic
C) Quaker
D) Presbyterian
E) Episcopal

Question 66

Which of the following statements related to the Second Great Awakening is FALSE?

A) The Second Great Awakening added a religious underpinning to the celebration of personal self-improvement, self-reliance, and self-determination.
B) Charles Grandison Finney became a national celebrity for his preaching in upstate New York.
C) The Second Great Awakening popularized Deism.
D) The Second Great Awakening made American Christianity a mass enterprise.
E) Revivalist ministers seized the opportunities offered by the market revolution to spread their message.

Question 67

The official seals of New Jersey (1821) and Arkansas (1836) both reflected the widespread identification of freedom with:

A) technological progress and material prosperity.
B) women's rights and virtuous citizenry.
C) expanded democracy and technological progress.
D) growing infrastructure and individualism.
E) material prosperity and individualism.

Question 68

The women who protested during the Shoemakers' Strike in Lynn, compared their condition to that of:

A) indentured servants.
B) slaves.
C) Irish immigrants.
D) religious dissenters.
E) Indians.

Question 69

What did Noah Webster's American Dictionary define as "a state of exemption from the power or control of another"?

A) masculinity
B) individualism
C) artisanship
D) freedom
E) weakness

Question 70

The catalyst for the market revolution was a series of innovations in transportation and communication.

Question 71

During the first half of the nineteenth century, free black Americans:

A) could not, under federal law, obtain public land.
B) found, as whites did, that the West offered the best opportunities for economic advancement.
C) rose in economic status, but more slowly than whites.
D) joined with white artisans in biracial unions that successfully struck for higher wages.
E) formed communities that included numerous black professionals such as doctors and lawyers.

Question 72

John Jacob Astor, who seemed to exemplify the "self-made man":

A) turned out to be a fraud, for it was discovered he counterfeited much of his fortune.
B) used his great wealth to finance the North during the Civil War.
C) made huge profits from distributing the machines built by Thomas Rodgers.
D) began his economic ascent through the purchase of Philadelphia real estate.
E) became wealthy trading goods between the United States and China.

Question 73

Who believed that freedom was an open-ended process of self-realization by which individuals could remake themselves and their own lives?

A) Eli Whitney
B) Ralph Waldo Emerson
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) John O'Sullivan
E) Andrew Jackson

Question 74

Toll roads did much to help the economy.

Question 75

Henry David Thoreau believed that:

A) economic independence was essential for freedom.
B) genuine freedom lay within the individual.
C) the market revolution brought freedom to many.
D) true freedom was not obtainable.
E) government was the ultimate expression of freedom.

Question 76

Because an English law forbade the export of machinery blueprints, Samuel Slater memorized the plans for the power-driven spinning jenny before immigrating to America.

Question 77

The role of a white middle-class woman in antebellum America was primarily to:

A) pursue a college education.
B) take a job outside the home to supplement the family's disposable income.
C) have as large a family as possible.
D) focus her energies on the home and children.
E) produce the daily foodstuffs and necessities that her household required.

Question 78

In his essay "The Laboring Classes," Orestes Brownson argued that:

A) wealth and labor were at war.
B) each worker's problems had to be understood individually.
C) government was the cause of workers' problems.
D) workers were lazy and easily tempted by alcohol.
E) workers had achieved true freedom thanks to free enterprise.

Question 79

The cult of domesticity:

A) received very little support, which is why people referred to it as a cult, or a small fringe group.
B) represented a significant break with the idea of republican motherhood.
C) was based on the idea that women should be less dependent upon men.
D) led to a decline in birthrates.
E) meant that women would concede their household duties to domestic servants.

Question 80

In order to satisfy the need for slave labor in the Cotton Kingdom, an estimated 1 million slaves were relocated to the Deep South from the older slave states between 1800 and 1860.