Deck 17: Energy Sources in Surgery

Question 1

In laser surgery a method of intermittent application of the laser light on the target tissue is called __________.

A) laser medium
B) pulsed wave
C) parallel
D) wavelength

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The flow of electricity is called ________.

A) voltage
B) power
C) ampere
D) current

Answer 2

D

Question 3

____________ coupling is a specific burn hazard of monopolar endoscopic surgery when current passes inadvertently through instrument insulation and adjacent conductive material into tissue.

A) Direct
B) Capacitive
C) Negative
D) Loop

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A __________________ is required to manage laser risks and define safety protocols.

A) licensed staff member
B) laser safety officer
C) committee
D) patient advocate

Question 5

______________ is a characteristic of laser light in which the frequency of each wave is the same.

A) Monochromatic
B) Monopolar circuit
C) Excimer
D) Coherency

Question 6

______________ materials are used to insulate the conductive material carrying electricity to prevent injury and maintain the flow of electricity within its circuit.

A) Conductive
B) Nonconductive
C) Sterile
D) Nonsterile

Question 7

In coagulation mode, the ______________ in cutting mode.

A) heating is faster than
B) voltage is higher than
C) voltage is the same as
D) voltage is lower than

Question 8

The ________ determines the degree of thermal damage from the laser.

A) sensitivity of the irradiated tissue
B) amount of tissue affected
C) length of time tissue is exposed
D) all of the above

Question 9

When the path of electricity is interrupted by a less-conductive medium, this is called ________________.

A) voltage
B) current
C) frequency
D) impedance

Question 10

_______________ uses an intensely hot, precisely focused light beam to cut and coagulate tissue.

A) Electrosurgery
B) Laser surgery
C) Cryosurgery
D) Argon surgery

Question 11

During surgery, the active electrode pencil must be kept _____________ on the surgical field.

A) close to the surgical wound
B) on the front edge of the Mayo stand
C) on the patient's legs
D) in a nonconductive safety holster

Question 12

The result of constriction of electrical current by a nonconductive material or area of high density transforms electricity into ______________ energy.

A) ultrasonic
B) electromagnetic
C) thermal
D) laser

Question 13

All personnel entering a room in which a laser is in use must ________.

A) wear the appropriate eye protection
B) sign the laser log
C) wear a lead apron
D) both B and C

Question 14

The two most common injuries associated with unintentional laser exposure are ____________________________________.

A) eye injury and tissue burn
B) infertility and genetic mutation
C) infection and allergies
D) infection and wound dehiscence

Question 15

________________ energy is created when electricity is transformed into mechanical energy to high-frequency vibration and friction.

A) Ultrasonic
B) Laser
C) Cold thermal
D) Electromagnetic

Question 16

Cryosurgery is the use of an extremely ________ instrument or substance to destroy tissue.

A) heavy
B) bright
C) hot
D) cold

Question 17

During surgery, the perioperative team must suspect a problem if the surgeon repeatedly requests _________________ of the ESU.

A) increases in power
B) increases in sound level
C) relocation
D) decrease in power

Question 18

The patient-return electrode must be placed close to the surgical site over _____________________.

A) implants
B) small muscle mass
C) large bony protuberance
D) large muscle mass

Question 19

During the use of electrosurgery or laser surgery, tissue is destroyed or incised, and this process creates toxic smoke called smoke _________, which is known to be highly toxic.

A) stream
B) hazard
C) toxicity
D) plume

Question 20

Protection of the patient during laser surgery would include ________.

A) wet towels
B) protective eyewear
C) matte-finish metal airways
D) both A and B

Question 21

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Active electrode
b.Patient return electrode
Current must exit the body to complete the electrical circuit

Question 22

In laser technology, a series of mirrors that reflects photons or free electrons within the optical resonant chamber and causes emission of more photons and the creation of laser energy is known as _____________.

A) radiant exposure
B) amplification
C) selective absorption
D) coherency

Question 23

In electricity, the periodicity of electromagnetic waves is called _______.

A) amplitude
B) frequency
C) wavelength
D) current

Question 24

_____________________ is the term for complete destruction of tissue.

A) Alternative site burn
B) Ablation
C) Fulguration
D) Coagulation

Question 25

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Active electrode
b.Patient return electrode
Electrosurgical handpiece or pencil

Question 26

The grounding pad that is applied to the patient to carry electrical current flow from the patient back to the power unit is known as the ________ electrode.

A) dispersive
B) active
C) bovie
D) ESU

Question 27

___________ energy is created when electricity is transformed into mechanical energy to high-frequency vibration and friction.

A) Ultrasonic
B) Kinetic
C) Cold thermal
D) Magnetic

Question 28

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Active electrode
b.Patient return electrode
Do not place in a position that might cause the return current to cross other bioelectrical devices such as a pacemaker.

Question 29

The destruction of cataracts using ultrasound technology is called ______________.

A) ablation
B) phacoemulsification
C) coagulation
D) fulguration

Question 30

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Active electrode
b.Patient return electrode
Stored in sealed packages to keep the gel moist

Question 31

The gas, liquid, or solid through which light energy is passed to create a laser beam, contained within the optical resonant chamber, is known as ________.

A) the laser medium
B) solid state
C) capacitive coupling
D) coherency

Question 32

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Active electrode
b.Patient return electrode
It may be activated by a switch located on the pencil or by a foot pedal

Question 33

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Active electrode
b.Patient return electrode
Its function is to capture electrical current from the active electrode and transmit it back to the power unit.

Question 34

Lasers are distinguished by the functional or biophysical reaction of the ________.

A) target tissue
B) laser energy
C) radiant exposure
D) delivery system

Question 35

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Active electrode
b.Patient return electrode
Open procedures require tips such as a flat blade, Teflon-coated blade, needle point, ball tip, and loop.

Question 36

___________ is a characteristic of laser energy in which some cells absorb the lasing medium whereas others do not. This characteristic prevents the spread of heat (and damage) outside the target tissue.

A) Radiant exposure
B) Selective absorption
C) Direct coupling
D) Capacitive coupling

Question 37

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Active electrode
b.Patient return electrode
To prevent alternate site burns, the current exits the body through this highly conductive electrode.

Question 38

All of the waves in laser light have exactly the same length and therefore are ___________________.

A) colorless
B) monochromatic
C) red
D) white

Question 39

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Active electrode
b.Patient return electrode
Endoscopic procedures require long, thin electrodes that can be inserted through a cannula

Question 40

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Active electrode
b.Patient return electrode
Do not position over a scar or prominent bony surface