Deck 5: The Context of Policing

Question 1

In 2014, on what measure were women more likely than men to rate police?

A)being approachable and easy to talk to
B)police performance
C)enforcing the laws
D)providing information on ways to prevent crime

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A police officer is knocking on doors in the neighbourhood to obtain information about a recent crime. You open the door and answer the questions because you have confidence in the government as a whole. In fact, the general public has an overall confidence in the government. This is an example of what model of policing?

A)continental model
B)common law model
C)police legitimacy model
D)policing by consent

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What were the groups of 10 families set up in villages in order to police their own minor problems known as?

A)thief-takers
B)shire-reeves
C)frankwatchers
D)tithings

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which system involved every person in a village being responsible for assisting neighbours and protecting the village from thieves and other criminals?

A)thief-taker
B)shire-reeves
C)watch
D)pledge

Question 5

In 2014, whom among the following rated the police as performing their duties well?

A)people who had contact with the police
B)visible minorities
C)victims of crime who did not report the criminal incident to the police
D)non-victims of crime

Question 6

Who reported to the area constable, who ultimately became the primary law enforcement officer?

A)local landowners
B)coroner
C)watchman
D)shire

Question 7

Which individuals did not perform their duties as instructed, largely because they were unpaid?

A)local landowners
B)coroner
C)watchman
D)shire

Question 8

A police officer is knocking on doors in the neighbourhood to obtain information about a recent crime. You open the door and answer the questions because you have confidence in the police force as a whole. In fact, the general public has an overall confidence in the police. This is an example of what model of policing?

A)continental model
B)common law model
C)police legitimacy model
D)policing by consent

Question 9

Which system patrolled predominantly at night and were responsible for protecting citizens from robbers, ensuring that citizens were safe, and detecting fires?

A)constable
B)coroner
C)watchman
D)shire

Question 10

When was the position of the coroner created?

A)11th century
B)12th century
C)13th century
D)14th century

Question 11

Which term refers to judgments that ordinary citizens make about the rightness of police conduct and the organizations that employ and supervise them?

A)procedural justice
B)police legitimacy
C)Peelian principles
D)service recovery paradox

Question 12

Which system was organized within church parishes to protect the parishes?

A)constable
B)coroner
C)watchman
D)shire

Question 13

The police want the cooperation and support of the public when they are conducting their legal duties. Which term refers to this principle?

A)continental model
B)common law model
C)police legitimacy model
D)policing by consent

Question 14

Which of the following positions was appointed by the Crown or the local landowner to supervise a specific area to maintain law and order and apprehend law violators?

A)constables
B)watchmen
C)the "hundreds"
D)shire-reeves

Question 15

In the 2009 GSS the public were asked whether they believed the local police were doing a good job. What was the highest-ranked factor from the respondents?

A)ensuring the safety of citizens in your area
B)enforcing the laws
C)being approachable and easy to talk to
D)treating people fairly

Question 16

What decision by the Toronto Gay Pride parade highlights concerns about police performance?

A)allowing only uniformed Toronto police officers to march in the Toronto Pride parade
B)formally protesting police performance regarding decade-old fears that a serial killer was targeting Toronto's LGBTQ community
C)formally protesting police performance regarding their handling of crimes committed against trans women and queer black, Indigenous, and people of colour
D)eliminating official police participation in the Toronto Pride parade

Question 17

Which of the following formalized the constable-watch system of protection?

A)Common Law
B)Statute of Westminster
C)Watchman Statute
D)Criminal Code

Question 18

In serious (i.e., indictable) cases, who conducted preliminary hearings?

A)coroners
B)sheriffs
C)local landowners
D)constables

Question 19

In the 2009 GSS the public were asked whether they believed the local police were doing a good job. What was the lowest-ranked factor from the respondents?

A)promptly responding to calls
B)enforcing the laws
C)providing information on ways to prevent crime
D)treating people fairly

Question 20

In what century was the constable-watch system of protection formalized?

A)11th century
B)12th century
C)13th century
D)14th century

Question 21

Who investigated offences, served summonses, executed warrants, and ensured the security of those charged with crimes before their trial?

A)night watchmen
B)shire
C)parish constables
D)coroner

Question 22

What was Sir Robert Peel's operational philosophy of policing?

A)to reduce tension and conflict between commercial interests and private citizens
B)to be judged on the basis of high-visibility police action
C)to relieve the military from certain duties
D)to use violent means in keeping the peace as a first resort

Question 23

You are living in England in 1285 and are told to be ready to participate in the "hue and cry." What is required of you?

A)to come to the assistance of a watchman when your assistance is needed
B)to cry aloud if you see a watchman in the pursuit of one who is suspected of a crime
C)to consent to a written proclamation for the capture of a suspect
D)to assist in the apprehension of a criminal who has been witnessed in the act of committing a crime

Question 24

In 1748, who turned a group of men into professional law enforcement agents, whose duties it was to catch criminals and recover stolen property?

A)Henry Fielding
B)Robert Peel
C)Edward Drummond
D)Benjamin Hick

Question 25

In 1651, where did the first individuals involved in policing appear?

A)Quebec
B)Nova Scotia (which included present-day New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island)
C)Newfoundland (which included Labrador, Île d'Anticosti, Îles de la Madeleine)
D)Ontario

Question 26

As of the mid-1700s, cities in England still did not have an organized law enforcement system. When crime grew so common as to become unbearable, what did city officials do?

A)called on landowners
B)called in the military
C)turned a group of men into professional law enforcement agents
D)selected one man from each parish to be a constable

Question 27

What organization became the template for almost all police forces in common law countries?

A)Royal Irish Constabulary
B)Prefecture of Police of Paris
C)London Metropolitan Police
D)Scotland Yard

Question 28

When did Sir Robert Peel succeed in having the London Metropolitan Police Act passed by Parliament?

A)1529
B)1629
C)1729
D)1829

Question 29

London's first professional police force were known by what nickname?

A)Fielding's Bobbies
B)Peel's Private Police
C)Bail Bondsman
D)Bow Street Runners

Question 30

Which system was created in the 13th century to protect the property of people in larger English towns and cities?

A)pledge system
B)watch system
C)constable-watch system
D)hundreds system

Question 31

In 1833, where did the first permanent constables under the control of their respective town councils appear?

A)Quebec City and Montreal
B)Toronto and Kingston
C)Winnipeg and Calgary
D)Halifax and Saint John

Question 32

When did Canada establish the North-West Mounted Police (NWMP)?

A)1873
B)1773
C)1673
D)1573

Question 33

Until which century did the "hue and cry" requirement last?

A)15th century
B)16th century
C)17th century
D)18th century

Question 34

Who replaced the shire-reeves?

A)pledges
B)watchmen
C)justices of the peace
D)constables

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a success mandate of the London Metropolitan Police Force?

A)protecting life and property
B)preserving the public order
C)eliminating crime
D)serving the public

Question 36

When did justices of the peace replace shire-reeves?

A)1236
B)1326
C)1426
D)1526

Question 37

According to Sir Robert Peel's vision of a professional police force, the main goal of preventing crime was to be achieved through the use of which of the following?

A)aggressive police patrols
B)preventive patrols
C)detectives
D)more severe sanctions

Question 38

To which group did the Hudson's Bay Company contract its policing services?

A)private citizens
B)municipal police forces
C)regional police forces
D)the North-West Mounted Police

Question 39

Which of the following required all males between 15 and 60 to possess weapons and to be ready to participate in the "hue and cry"?

A)Common Law
B)Statute of Westminster
C)Watchman Statute
D)Criminal Code

Question 40

Which system was created at the end of the 12th century to make sure the interests of the Crown were upheld?

A)constable
B)coroner
C)watchman
D)shire

Question 41

According to Bayley and Shearing, how will future generations likely view policing in advanced Western nations in the final decades of the 20th century?

A)as a time when one system of policing ended, and another took its place
B)as a time when new technology made many changes to the way the police did their work
C)as a time when computers opened enormous opportunities to hold and search far more data than could ever be done manually
D)as a time when tough public order situations have led to police being provided with riot gear which makes them look like the armed soldiers Sir Robert Peel was so careful to avoid in 1829

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT part of the professional model of policing?

A)centralization of police authority
B)creation of specialized crime-fighting units
C)creation of patrol systems based on criteria such as crime rates
D)creation of full-service personalized policing

Question 43

As the 19th century ended, what was the most common type of policing practised?

A)preventive
B)community
C)professional
D)plural

Question 44

What was the function of the police in the professional model?

A)social service
B)order maintenance
C)crime fighting
D)community policing

Question 45

What police force's structure was the North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) based on?

A)Royal Irish Constabulary
B)Prefecture of Police of Paris
C)London Metropolitan Police
D)Scotland Yard

Question 46

You are a police officer on patrol, assigned "beats" in a small geographical area at the end of the 19th century. Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of your job?

A)You provide service at soup kitchens.
B)You provide service at homeless shelters.
C)You provide ambulance services.
D)You work in an area different to where you live.

Question 47

You are a police officer during the period when call boxes are first introduced. Which of the following does the call box allow you to do?

A)signal your location to police headquarters
B)send different signals to headquarters (e.g., call for back-up)
C)telephone police headquarters
D)use a bell system to call for medical assistance

Question 48

Which of the following is a component of the professional model of policing?

A)creating generalized crime-fighting units
B)creating more foot patrols
C)creating patrol systems based on crime rates
D)hiring high school graduates

Question 49

You are a police officer called to deal with an issue. You use your discretionary powers to decide what you consider to be the appropriate course of action. What core aspect of the police mandate are you fulfilling?

A)order maintenance
B)criminal law enforcement
C)service
D)maintaining the public favour

Question 50

As a girl, your grandmother had always dreamed of becoming a police officer, and in the early 1960s she was of age to start her career. During her recruiting process, she went through psychological testing and civil service tests. What type of policing does this exemplify?

A)preventive
B)community
C)professional
D)plural

Question 51

You are a police officer assisting a homeless person. What core aspect of the police mandate are you fulfilling?

A)order maintenance
B)criminal law enforcement
C)service
D)maintaining the public favour

Question 52

You are a member of the International Criminal Police Organization, more commonly known as INTERPOL. What type of policing are you engaged in?

A)stratum policing
B)plural policing
C)third sector policing
D)global policing

Question 53

When was the North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) renamed the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)?

A)1904
B)1910
C)1920
D)1924

Question 54

You are a police officer during the period when call boxes are introduced; hence, revolutionized policing. What period are you living in?

A)1700s
B)1770s
C)1800s
D)1870s

Question 55

The professional model of policing has been criticized in which of the following areas?

A)the role of technology remains stationary in both policing and crime
B)the hiring of private security is surpassing the police in controlling crime
C)most criminals arrested by the police are serving time in a correctional facility
D)the tactics used by the police are controlling crime but not reducing fear of crime

Question 56

You are a police officer who is assisting prosecutors in developing a case against the defendants. As a gatekeeper of the criminal justice system, what core aspect of the police mandate are you fulfilling?

A)order maintenance
B)criminal law enforcement
C)service
D)voluntary compliance with the law

Question 57

You are a police officer in the late 1970s. What new type of policing are you likely to be practicing?

A)evidence-based policing
B)proactive policing
C)predictive policing
D)community policing

Question 58

What was the purpose of the North-West Mounted Police (NWMP)?

A)to police and control the lands purchased from the Hudson's Bay Company by the federal government in 1869
B)to end the whiskey trade on the southern prairies and the violence that came with it
C)to help the federal government suppress the North-West Rebellion
D)to bring order to the Klondike Gold Rush

Question 59

Which of the following services did police NOT provide as the 19th century ended?

A)soup kitchens
B)homeless shelters
C)ambulance services
D)fire services

Question 60

The International Criminal Police Organization, more commonly known as INTERPOL, is facilitates international police cooperation. What is INTERPOL an example of?

A)transnational focus on policing
B)multinational law enforcement
C)intercontinental intelligence-led policing
D)police globalization

Question 61

You are writing a term paper about the characteristics of "high policing." Which of the following will NOT be discussed in your paper?

A)political intelligence and the disruption of suspicious activities as opposed to criminal prosecution
B)questionable surveillance techniques
C)investigative methods that are more likely to be invasive or highly manipulative
D)resistance to transnational types of policing

Question 62

Which of the following is a component of human trafficking?

A)persons are free to leave
B)there is no actual coercion
C)people are not victims
D)it need not involve the actual movement of an individual

Question 63

How many nations are involved in combatting human trafficking by adopting anti-trafficking legislation?

A)100
B)110
C)120
D)130

Question 64

What crime led to significant changes in the role of policing in Western societies to include the collection of greater amounts of intelligence in order to better predict security threats?

A)1988 Lockerbie bombing (Pan Am Flight 103 transatlantic flight from Frankfurt to Detroit via London and New York)
B)2001 failed shoe bomb attempt (American Airlines Flight 63, flying from Paris to Miami)
C)terrorist attacks on New York in 2001 (commonly known as 9/11)
D)1985 Air India Flight 182 terrorist bombing (Atlantic Ocean en route to London over Irish Airspace)

Question 65

You are listening to a public lecturer describing police cooperation across national boundaries, including how enforcing the law in the global context is dependent on the gathering and sharing of intelligence. What is the lecture most likely about?

A)private security
B)high policing
C)security governance
D)plural policing

Question 66

What is the illegal organized transport of a person across a border called?

A)international human trafficking
B)domestic human trafficking
C)migratory smuggling
D)human smuggling

Question 67

You are a member of an urban Indigenous street patrol in Winnipeg that was reformed in 2014. What is the name of the group?

A)the Bear Clan
B)the Eagle Clan
C)the Coyote Clan
D)the Raven Clan

Question 68

In 2015 two heavily armed gunmen entered the Paris offices of satirical news magazine Charlie Hebdo, killing 12 people including 2 police officers and prompting police and governments around the world to be concerned about security. Transnational types of policing enhance cooperation across national boundaries. Which term refers to the global gathering and sharing of intelligence?

A)policing across borders
B)global policing
C)transnational policing
D)high policing

Question 69

You and your family have recently moved to a new neighbourhood, where you notice that many of the houses have Neighbourhood Watch signs in their front windows. Which type of policing is your new neighbourhood using?

A)preventive
B)community
C)professional
D)plural

Question 70

Which of the following is a component of human smuggling?

A)persons are free to leave
B)it involves forced labour
C)individuals are subjected to limited freedom
D)it need not involve the actual movement of an individual

Question 71

What type of human trafficking involves all stages of trafficking occurring within national boundaries?

A)national human trafficking
B)domestic human trafficking
C)international human trafficking
D)federal human trafficking

Question 72

The Human Trafficking National Coordination Centre (HTNCC) was created in 2005 and is located in Ottawa. The establishment of this type of centre is an example of which type of policing?

A)preventive
B)community
C)professional
D)plural

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT one of the types of plural policing identified by Loader (2000)?

A)policing by government
B)policing beyond government
C)policing with government
D)policing through government

Question 74

Karim is involved in the prostitution business in Calgary. He has connections that will supply him with young women who have run away from their homes and are in need of employment. His supplier is currently holding and concealing these women until he and Karim can reach a deal to sell and exploit them into the sex trade. What is this situation an example of?

A)prostitution
B)smuggling
C)trafficking
D)running

Question 75

In 2017, what was the total expenditures spent on policing in Canada?

A)in excess of $11 billion
B)in excess of $12.6 billion
C)in excess of $13 billion
D)in excess of $14.6 billion

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT an example of mass private property?

A)a shopping mall
B)an airport
C)the Rogers Centre
D)the Air Canada Centre

Question 77

Human trafficking for sexual exploitation and forced labour are criminal activities requiring the integrated approach of law enforcement and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). What type of policing does integration of the agencies nationally and internationally exemplify?

A)preventive
B)community
C)professional
D)plural

Question 78

You are listening to a public lecturer describing collective responsibility of networks of commercial and noncommercial partners. What is the lecture most likely about?

A)private security
B)high policing
C)security governance
D)plural policing

Question 79

What type of human trafficking involves individuals being moved across an international boundary?

A)national human trafficking
B)domestic human trafficking
C)international human trafficking
D)federal human trafficking

Question 80

A large shopping centre has hired private police to patrol and ensure the safety and security of the mall's staff and store owners. What type of policing does this exemplify?

A)preventive
B)community
C)professional
D)plural