Deck 6: The Practice of Policing

Question 1

A police officer randomly stops three black men on the street and conducts a search of their backpacks. At first the men try to explain to the officer that he is not allowed to do that, but ultimately, they decide to cooperate with the police. This is an example of which of the following criticisms of reactive policing?

A)lack of knowledge of the community
B)fear of crime
C)efficiency
D)community stereotyping

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What type of investigation by detectives includes locating people who may have witnessed the crime but are no longer at the scene?

A)location
B)routine
C)tertiary
D)secondary

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Hussain is a police officer who feels that minor neighbourhood disputes should be resolved in an informal manner by the police. Which policing style is Hussain in favour of?

A)professional
B)watchman
C)reciprocator
D)reactive

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Diana is a police officer who believes that without the police society would become chaotic; she also believes that the police shouldn't engage in any social service activities. Which policing style is Diana in favour of?

A)enforcers
B)avoiders
C)crime fighters
D)administrators

Question 5

What percentage of all arrests of suspects are made by patrol officers rather than detectives?

A)75 percent
B)80 percent
C)85 percent
D)90 percent

Question 6

Which of the following is a component of the criminal investigation process?

A)preliminary investigation
B)interrogation of suspect(s)
C)attending court
D)use of forensic techniques

Question 7

Ruth is a police officer who responds to the citizens in her area by arresting outsiders, although she knows that many local residents also engage in the same behaviours. Which policing style is Ruth in favour of?

A)reciprocator
B)local agent
C)social agent
D)citizen respondent

Question 8

According to Wilson, which policing style is also referred to as the legalistic style?

A)crime fighter
B)social agent
C)watchman
D)law enforcer

Question 9

Amirah is a patrol officer in Toronto. Which of the following is NOT one of the patrol issues she would commonly deal with?

A)neighbourhood dispute
B)noise complaint
C)theft at the corner store
D)locating a lost child

Question 10

While Fatemah was walking home from work, she was approached by three young men who snatched her purse and ran down an alley to escape. People who saw the incident suggested she call the police, but she didn't feel the police would be responsive. Fortunately, she did not have too much money in her wallet. What is Fatemah's attitude toward the police an example of?

A)legal cynicism
B)broken window model
C)legal prejudice
D)specific probability

Question 11

Police officers decided to attend a community harvest festival that was taking place in a small Newfoundland fishing village. Many local residents would be in attendance and the police hoped to restore the relationship between them and the community. What is this type of policing an example of?

A)multi-agency policing
B)proactive policing
C)reactive policing
D)crime-attack strategies

Question 12

What policing style involves all crime-related incidents and suspects being treated in accordance with the formal dictates of the law?

A)law enforcer
B)crime fighter
C)watchman
D)social agent

Question 13

What type of investigation by detectives includes interviewing victims and witnesses as well as examining the crime scene?

A)location
B)routine
C)tertiary
D)secondary

Question 14

What policing style emphasizes the maintenance of public order?

A)social agent
B)law enforcer
C)crime fighter
D)watchman

Question 15

What policing style emphasizes the idea that without the "thin blue line," society would descend into chaos?

A)social agent
B)law enforcer
C)crime fighter
D)watchman

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT part of the Three-R's strategy functions?

A)random preventive patrol
B)criminal investigations
C)one-size-fits-all
D)patrol officer rapid response rates

Question 17

What type of investigation by detectives includes checking police records and other agencies and interviewing suspects?

A)location
B)routine
C)tertiary
D)secondary

Question 18

Between 2003 and 2013, how quickly were the majority of murders in Canada solved?

A)within two days of their occurrence
B)within five days of their occurrence
C)within one week of their occurrence
D)within two weeks of their occurrence

Question 19

You wake up to discover that during the night someone broke into your car and stole your stereo. Although it is not an emergency you call the police, and they advise you to file a report at the local police station. This is an example of which type of policing?

A)management of demand
B)emergency management
C)non-emergency management
D)call of management

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a basic purpose or activity of police patrol?

A)deterring crime by maintaining a non-visible police presence
B)responding quickly to law violations or other emergencies
C)facilitating the movement of traffic and people
D)creating a sense of security in the community

Question 21

According to Eck, how do detectives categorize those cases that can be solved by criminal investigations that involve a moderate to considerable amount of investigation effort?

A)problematic
B)referred
C)unsolvable
D)solvable

Question 22

You are a detective in a major city in Canada and are trying to decide whether to continue an investigation into a crime any further. What will your decision be based on?

A)administrative pressures
B)local concerns about crime
C)solvability factors
D)pressures from the city government

Question 23

The police decide to add foot patrols in a community with an increasing crime rate. Based on the results of the study of foot patrols in Newark, New Jersey by Kelling and colleagues, what result could be expected?

A)Residents will be less satisfied with the service they receive from foot patrol officers.
B)Residents will notice when foot patrol officers are in the immediate vicinity.
C)The level of crime will decline substantially in the areas patrolled by foot patrol officers.
D)Residents' fear of crime in those areas patrolled by foot patrol officers will increase.

Question 24

In which type of patrol are police officers told to spend some of their time in certain locations and watch for specific crimes?

A)management of demand
B)directed
C)differential implementation
D)undirected

Question 25

Which of the following is the most common type of computer crime-mapping?

A)crime prevention allocation mapping
B)resource allocation mapping
C)patrol officer allocation mapping
D)direct patrol mapping

Question 26

Predictive policing began in the 1990s with which of the following groups?

A)Halifax Regional Police COMPSTAT system
B)Vancouver Police Department COMPSTAT system
C)Baltimore, MD Citistat system
D)New York COMPSTAT system

Question 27

What was the conclusion reached in the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment?

A)Proactive patrol had the greatest impact on crime reduction.
B)Calls for service to repeat addresses increased dramatically.
C)The different types of patrol did not affect crime rates.
D)Drug offences declined dramatically.

Question 28

Several different approaches have been developed for predictive policing. One of the first to be tested was where and when?

A)PredPol with the Oakland Police Department in 2001
B)PredPol with the South Jordan, Utah Police Department in 2005
C)PredPol with the Atlanta Police Department in 2008
D)PredPol with the Los Angeles Police Department in 2010

Question 29

According to Eck, how do detectives categorize those cases that include significant amounts of evidence and as a result can be solved with a minimum amount of investigation?

A)already solved
B)solvable
C)founded
D)unsolvable

Question 30

According to the text, which characteristic must be present in order to ensure the success of a foot patrol?

A)the foot patrol must be based on sophisticated geographical technology
B)the foot patrol must have the support of the local population
C)the foot patrol must operate in locations where there are small numbers of community members
D)the foot patrol beat should be small

Question 31

Your classmate describes an approach used in Chicago that is designed to identify people most likely to be involved in future shootings, either as a shooter or victim. What is the name of this approach?

A)Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS)
B)the Custom Notification Plan
C)Strategic Subject List (SSL)
D)Operations, Intelligence, and Support Plan

Question 32

According to Walker, why does increasing police patrols have a limited impact on crime?

A)because too many police officers are detectives
B)because some people are not deterred by increasing numbers of police
C)because only some crimes cannot be deterred by police patrols
D)because patrol officers are spread thinly across a patrol beat

Question 33

Which of the following did not change in the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment regardless of the different types of patrol?

A)the number of calls requesting service from the police
B)police attitudes toward citizens
C)rates of unreported crime
D)citizens' fear of crime

Question 34

Following an analysis of crime in Toronto's Regent Park, proactive policing practices are to include the police patrolling the area to watch for specific crimes. This is an example of which type of proactive policing?

A)hot spots
B)community policing
C)problem-oriented
D)directed

Question 35

What type of police patrol was used in the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment?

A)community-based
B)foot
C)reactive
D)zero tolerance

Question 36

What is a common focus of police foot patrols today?

A)intelligence gathering
B)zero tolerance of policing in the area of disorder
C)greater interaction with political leaders
D)solving the underlying community problems that may lead to crime and disorder

Question 37

Predpol is currently used by how many police services in the United States?

A)less than 10
B)between 12 and 24
C)approximately 30
D)more than 60

Question 38

In the Flint Neighborhood Foot Patrol Program, by what percentage did calls for service decrease?

A)8 percent
B)16 percent
C)25 percent
D)40 percent

Question 39

Which of the following is one of the main components of the broken windows model?

A)neighbourhood disorder creates fear
B)businesses must hire private security to reduce fear
C)social civilities lead to an increase in crime
D)low-crime neighbourhoods give out crime-promoting signals

Question 40

What did Kelling and his colleagues find to be a positive impact in their study of foot patrols in Newark, New Jersey?

A)residents were less fearful than citizens who received motorized patrol
B)the fear of crime among residents did not decrease
C)residents began to spend more time in public spaces
D)the number of businesses in the local area increased

Question 41

Which of the following groups does NOT experience formless fear as much as the other three groups?

A)the elderly
B)the marginally employed
C)low-income persons
D)single women

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of problem-oriented policing?

A)analysis
B)assessment
C)competition of ideas
D)scanning

Question 43

Which model of policing strongly encourages input from the community but preserves the ultimate decision-making authority for the police?

A)problem-oriented policing
B)community policing
C)traditional policing
D)intelligence-led policing

Question 44

Which of the following is a basic aim of community policing?

A)the formation of community partnerships
B)the police making all relevant decisions about crime prevention
C)the police conducting all relevant problem solving of crimes
D)the police increasing the number of patrols by marked vehicles

Question 45

A police officer is using problem-oriented policing techniques to analyze a crime problem. She is collecting as much information as possible about the problem. Which process is this officer involved in?

A)scanning
B)analysis
C)productivity
D)solving

Question 46

A concrete fear of crime refers to the fear of specific crimes. Which of the following crimes would belong in this category?

A)theft
B)assault
C)break and enter
D)arson

Question 47

Which of the following is an example of a social incivility?

A)rundown buildings
B)vacant lots
C)loitering
D)abandoned cars

Question 48

In problem-oriented policing, during which stage do the police collect information about the effectiveness of their approach?

A)assessment
B)data preparation
C)scanning
D)analysis

Question 49

In the problem-oriented policing approach, which stage involves collecting information about the problem?

A)assessment
B)data preparation
C)scanning
D)analysis

Question 50

In which of the following are victims treated as second-class citizens by criminal justice agencies after they report a crime?

A)double victimization
B)victim blaming
C)marginalization
D)formless

Question 51

Intelligence-led policing uses techniques to collect and analyze vast amounts of intelligence. Which of the following is NOT a technique of intelligence-led policing?

A)obtaining information from informants
B)surveillance techniques
C)interviewing community members
D)offender profiling

Question 52

What is Bayley's term for the introduction of community crime prevention programs that can increase neighbourhood cohesion?

A)partnership formation
B)mobilization
C)consultation
D)flexible programming

Question 53

What is emphasized in the new proactive approach of intelligence-led policing?

A)interagency sharing of information and crime analysis
B)intercommunity sharing and predictive policing
C)zero tolerance policing and predictive policing combined
D)expansive roles for police to achieve crime prevention

Question 54

What will police be looking at when they are concerned about physical incivilities in a neighbourhood?

A)poor street lighting
B)loiterers
C)panhandlers
D)drug offending

Question 55

Distinct advantages are highlighted in the problem-oriented policing approach. Which type of advantage involves the police becoming "crime managers"?

A)better use of resources
B)decentralization of decision making
C)multi-agency approach
D)centralization of decision making

Question 56

Management of risk is now part of the intelligence-led policing strategy. Which term expresses the idea that the police are in the best position to gather and store knowledge about crime and security?

A)risk society
B)risk intelligence
C)risk culture
D)risk nation

Question 57

Which type of fear of crime involves a fear of specific crimes, especially violent crimes?

A)intensive
B)formless
C)concrete
D)essentialist

Question 58

Which of the following is a principle of problem-oriented policing?

A)Problem solving requires little, if any, creativity and initiative on the part of a patrol officer.
B)A problem is something that concerns police officers, not the community.
C)Problem solving demands a different set of responses compared to responding to a single incident.
D)Problem solving is a short-term strategy.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a critique of problem-oriented and community policing?

A)police are paramilitary organizations
B)police do not consider these models of policing to be "real" police work
C)police departments rarely shift their priorities from crime control
D)police are not received well by the community

Question 60

Which type of fear of crime involves a general feeling that one is unsafe?

A)expressive
B)identifiable
C)concrete
D)formless

Question 61

Zero tolerance is a variant of which type of policing strategy?

A)problem-oriented
B)reactive
C)proactive
D)community-based

Question 62

Which of the following compares the various policing models in terms of social interaction or structural dimension, what is the model that has a law, order, and fear problems focus of policing?

A)traditional policing
B)community policing
C)problem-oriented policing
D)zero tolerance policing

Question 63

Which of the following compares the various policing models in terms of social interaction or structural dimension, what is the model that has a high and unaccountable level of discretion at the line level?

A)traditional policing
B)community policing
C)problem-oriented policing
D)zero tolerance policing

Question 64

Which of the following compares the various policing models in terms of social interaction or structural dimension, what is the model that incorporates a law enforcement focus of policing?

A)traditional policing
B)community policing
C)problem-oriented policing
D)zero tolerance policing

Question 65

Which of the following compares the various policing models in terms of social interaction or structural dimension, what is the model that has a poor and intermittent linkage with other agencies?

A)traditional policing
B)community policing
C)problem-oriented policing
D)zero tolerance policing

Question 66

Which of the following compares the various policing models in terms of social interaction or structural dimension, what is the model that has an outward and building partnerships focus on police culture?

A)traditional policing
B)community policing
C)problem-oriented policing
D)zero tolerance policing

Question 67

Which type of policing measures its success by the number of field stops and location-specific reductions in targeted activity?

A)community
B)traditional
C)zero tolerance
D)problem-oriented

Question 68

What is the central concern with zero tolerance policing?

A)reducing the fear of crime among residents
B)establishing police-community relations
C)maintaining order on the streets
D)arresting drug offenders throughout the city

Question 69

Which of the following compares the various policing models in terms of social interaction or structural dimension, what is the model that incorporates a narrow (location and behaviour-focused) range of police activity?

A)traditional policing
B)community policing
C)problem-oriented policing
D)zero tolerance policing

Question 70

What type of policing focuses upon quality of life activities?

A)traditional policing
B)problem-oriented policing
C)zero tolerance policing
D)community policing

Question 71

In the problem-oriented approach to policing, what is the preferred form of intervention?

A)reactive, based on criminal law
B)mixed, based on criminal, civil, and administrative law
C)community-building through crime prevention
D)proactive, based on criminal, civil, and administrative law

Question 72

Which of the following compares the various policing models in terms of social interaction or structural dimension, what is the model that measures success through arrests, field stops, activity, and location-specific reductions in targeted activity?

A)traditional policing
B)community policing
C)problem-oriented policing
D)zero tolerance policing

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT a principle of traditional policing?

A)the range of police activity is broad
B)the forms of intervention are reactive
C)the level of discretion at the line level is high and unaccountable
D)the focus is upon law enforcement

Question 74

What type of policing focuses on law, order, and fear of crime problems?

A)problem-oriented
B)traditional
C)zero tolerance
D)community

Question 75

Which of the following compares the various policing models in terms of social interaction or structural dimension, what is the model that incorporates a moderate and intermittent linkage with other agencies?

A)traditional policing
B)community policing
C)problem-oriented policing
D)zero tolerance policing

Question 76

Which police strategy involves using the lowest amount of discretion at the street level?

A)traditional policing
B)zero tolerance policing
C)community policing
D)problem-oriented policing

Question 77

Which approach is the only policing strategy that involves a broad range of police activities?

A)traditional policing
B)problem-oriented policing
C)community policing
D)zero tolerance policing

Question 78

What is the focus of zero tolerance policing?

A)community-building through crime prevention
B)law, order, and fear problems
C)law enforcement
D)order problems

Question 79

Which of the following compares the various policing models in terms of social interaction or structural dimension, what is the model that has a mixed form of intervention?

A)traditional policing
B)community policing
C)problem-oriented policing
D)zero tolerance policing

Question 80

Which of the following compares the various policing models in terms of social interaction or structural dimension, what is the model that has a narrow, crime focused range of police activity?

A)traditional policing
B)community policing
C)problem-oriented policing
D)zero tolerance policing