Deck 11: Drugs and Crime

Question 1

During the past two decades, the price of cocaine sold on the street in the United States:

A) has increased.
B) has decreased.
C) has remained stable.
D) remains unknown.
E) none of the above.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Evidence indicates which of the following models of criminal homicide and drug involvement makes the most sense? The:

A) psychopharmacological model
B) economic model
C) systemic model
D) psychopathological model
E) subcultural model

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following drugs was the majority of perpetrators under the influence of when committing a criminal homicide?

A) heroin
B) alcohol
C) LSD
D) PCP
E) marijuana

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The use of certain drugs is more criminogenic than that of others, that is, it is statistically more closely related to criminal behavior. Which of the following are the big three drugs with respect to the relationship between using psychoactive substances and committing crime?

A) Ecstasy, GHB, and Rohypnol
B) marijuana, LSD, and tobacco
C) alcohol, cocaine, and narcotics
D) sedatives, hypnotics, and tranquilizers
E) antipsychotics, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines

Question 5

The relationship between committing a crime and being a victim of a crime is:

A) positive.
B) negative.
C) random.
D) unknown.
E) none of the above.

Question 6

People arrested for a crime:

A) are significantly more likely than the population at large to have recently used one or more psychoactive drugs.
B) are significantly less likely than the population at large to have recently used one or more psychoactive drugs.
C) have the same likelihood of having recently taken one or more psychoactive drugs than is true of the population at large.
D) have an unknown and unknowable likelihood of having taken one or more psychoactive drugs.
E) none of the above.

Question 7

What is the role of cocaine in violent behavior?

Question 8

Drug researchers have proposed three models or explanations for the drug-crime nexus. Which one is the most adequate in explaining this link?

A) the enslavement model
B) the predisposition model
C) the intensification model
D) All are equally adequate in explaining this link.
E) All are equally inadequate in explaining this link.

Question 9

During the past two decades, the purity of cocaine sold on the street in the U.S.:

A) has increased.
B) has decreased.
C) has remained stable.
D) remains unknown.
E) none of the above.

Question 10

The relationship between alcohol consumption and criminal behavior is:

A) positive.
B) negative.
C) random.
D) unknown and unknowable.
E) none of the above.

Question 11

After 1970, using, abusing, and being addicted to heroin:

A) increased the likelihood of committing a violent crime.
B) decreased the likelihood of committing a violent crime.
C) was unrelated to the likelihood of committing a violent crime.
D) was unknown with respect to the likelihood of committing a violent crime.
E) none of the above.

Question 12

Evidence indicates that the link between the consumption of alcohol and engaging in violent behavior is largely and substantially a result of:

A) disinhibition caused by the pharmacological effects of alcohol.
B) cultural norms, not the pharmacological effects of alcohol.
C) cognitive guidedness.
D) unknown factors.
E) none of the above.

Question 13

In our attempt to understand the relationship between drug use and criminal behavior, which would the researcher hypothesize is the dependent variable?

A) drug use
B) criminal behavior
C) both, equally
D) neither
E) none of the above

Question 14

How have the explanations by drug researchers concerning the relationship between heroin addiction and violence evolved over time? What was the previous model and what is the current model? Why have these models changed?

Question 15

Among men, as the volume of cocaine consumed increases, the likelihood of being the perpetrator of crime:

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains the same.
D) remains unknown and unknowable.
E) none of the above.

Question 16

The statistical correlation between the use of any and all illicit drugs and engaging in criminal behavior is:

A) positive.
B) negative.
C) random.
D) unknown.
E) none of the above.

Question 17

Consuming alcohol is:

A) positively related to engaging in violent behavior.
B) negatively related to engaging in violent behavior.
C) randomly related to engaging in violent behavior.
D) related to engaging in violent behavior in an unknown and unknowable fashion.
E) none of the above.

Question 18

Among women, as the volume of cocaine consumed increases, the likelihood of being the victim of a crime:

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains the same.
D) remains unknown and unknowable.
E) none of the above.

Question 19

Which of the following groups of drugs that appear in overdose statistics also makes a substantial contribution to the drugs-crime nexus?

A) marijuana, MDMA, and LSD
B) alcohol, cocaine, and heroin
C) antipsychotics and antidepressants
D) Adderall, Ritalin, and amphetamine
E) sedatives, hypnotics, and tranquilizers

Question 20

Which of the following models most adequately explains the drugs-violence nexus?

A) the economic-compulsive model
B) the psychopharmacological model
C) the systemic model
D) All of these models are equally adequate in explaining this nexus.
E) All of these models are equally inadequate in explaining this nexus.

Question 21

What theories or models best explain the relationship between alcohol and violence?

Question 22

The early studies of narcotic addiction that put forward the validity the enslavement or economic-compulsive model argued for a particular change in the drug law. What was this change that they proposed, why did they see it as a conclusion of their research, and what political consequences did their arguments have? Which well-known sociologists were associated with this position?

Question 23

Why do criminologists believe that there's a connection between being the perpetrator of a crime and being the victim of crime? What do they mean when they say that many of the dynamics that cause one also cause the other? Does this make sense? Explain.

Question 24

Drug researchers have proposed three models of the connection or link between drug use and criminal behavior. What are they, how are they different, and which one seems to be most adequate in explaining this connection?

Question 25

What evidence suggests the limitations of the economic-compulsive or enslavement model and the predisposition models of the drugs-crime connection? Why is the intensification model a more adequate explanation for this connection?

Question 26

Do surveys (such as MTF and NSDUH) that ask questions about drug use and crime verify other sources of information on the drugs-crime nexus, such as arrest data and surveys on drug-abusing or criminal sectors of the population? Be detailed and specific.

Question 27

During the 1990s, the crime rate in the United States declined sharply and precipitously. Do you think that changes in rates of drug use and abuse play any role in this decline? Explain.

Question 28

Drug researchers have proposed three models of the nexus between drug use and violent behavior. What are they and which seems most adequate today?