Deck 14 (MR): The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

Which of the following statements are true of lymph and lymph vessels (Select all that apply)?

A)Lymph is tissue fluid that has entered lymph capillaries.
B)Lymph will be returned to the blood in the right and left jugular veins.
C)Lymph vessels are much like veins in structure,in that both have valves.
D)The thoracic duct collects lymph from the lower half of the body,and the right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the upper half of the body.
E)In composition,lymph is similar to plasma.
F)Lymph is kept moving in some of the larger lymph vessels by the skeletal muscle pump.

Answer 1

Lymph is tissue fluid that has entered lymph capillaries.
Lymph vessels are much like veins in structure,in that both have valves.
In composition,lymph is similar to plasma.
Lymph is kept moving in some of the larger lymph vessels by the skeletal muscle pump.

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true of innate immunity (Select all that apply)?

A)Inflammation is a response to injury,and involves the release of histamine and leukotrienes.
B)Lysozyme is an antiviral enzyme found in saliva.
C)Interferon is an antibacterial chemical produced by macrophages.
D)The unbroken stratum corneum is an excellent barrier to pathogens.
E)Cilia sweep mucus and trapped pathogens out of the respiratory and digestive tracts.
F)Macrophages,Langerhans cells,basophils,and mast cells all contribute to innate immunity.
G)Neutrophils are phagocytic WBCs.
H)Two signs of inflammation are heat and pain.

Answer 2

Inflammation is a response to injury,and involves the release of histamine and leukotrienes.
The unbroken stratum corneum is an excellent barrier to pathogens.
Macrophages,Langerhans cells,basophils,and mast cells all contribute to innate immunity.
Neutrophils are phagocytic WBCs.
Two signs of inflammation are heat and pain.

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true of adaptive immunity (Select all that apply)?

A)Antibody production is characteristic of both antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity.
B)Opsonization is a reaction of cell-mediated immunity that attracts macrophages.
C)Memory B cells provide the memory of a pathogen in cell-mediated immunity.
D)Helper T cells help out with phagocytosis.
E)Cytotoxic T cells destroy cellular antigens by producing toxic chemicals.
F)Complement fixation is triggered by antigen-antibody complexes.
G)Helper T cells work with macrophages in the recognition of foreign antigens.
H)Antibodies are proteins produced by plasma cells that have differentiated from B cells.

Answer 3

Cytotoxic T cells destroy cellular antigens by producing toxic chemicals.
Complement fixation is triggered by antigen-antibody complexes.
Helper T cells work with macrophages in the recognition of foreign antigens.
Antibodies are proteins produced by plasma cells that have differentiated from B cells.

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true of vaccines (Select all that apply)?

A)Vaccines contain antigens to stimulate antibody production.
B)A vaccine antigen may be a pathogen that has been killed or attenuated.
C)A vaccine antigen may be part of a pathogen or a toxoid.
D)The purpose of a vaccine is to take the place of a first exposure to a pathogen.
E)A vaccine stimulates the creation of memory cells (T or B or both)to a specific antigen.
F)On a second exposure to a pathogen,antibody production has a lag period,then IgG production follows IgA production.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of the spleen and thymus (Select all that apply)?

A)The spleen is located behind the stomach and is protected by the right lower rib cage.
B)The thymus is located on the back of the trachea above the thyroid gland.
C)The thymus is a source of T lymphocytes,and is the site of maturation for these cells.
D)The spleen is a reservoir for platelets and monocytes.
E)If the spleen must be removed,the liver will help compensate by producing antibodies.
F)The thymus is essential for the development of cell-mediated immunity.

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true of foreign antigens and immunity (Select all that apply)?

A)An antigen will be recognized as foreign if it is different from our "self" antigens.
B)Bacteria and viruses are foreign antigens,but a person's own cancer cells are not considered foreign.
C)Innate immunity does not have memory for foreign antigens,but adaptive immunity does have memory.
D)Innate immunity stimulates antibody production only against viruses.
E)Adaptive immunity becomes more efficient with repeated exposures to an antigen,but innate immunity does not.
F)The responses of innate immunity are always the same,but the adaptive immune response is different for each pathogen.

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true of the different types of immunity (Select all that apply)?

A)Genetic immunity is programmed in DNA,and weakens as we get older.
B)A vaccine is an example of artificially acquired passive immunity.
C)The maternal antibodies a newborn acquires from breast milk are an example of naturally acquired active immunity.
D)Recovery from a disease provides artificially acquired active immunity.
E)Passive immunity is always temporary because antibodies from another source last a few months at most.
F)Immune globulins (Ig)are antibodies,and Igs are available for diseases such as rabies and tetanus.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true of lymph nodes and lymph nodules (Select all that apply)?

A)Lymph nodules are found in all mucous membranes.
B)Lymph nodes are found along the pathways of lymph vessels.
C)Both nodes and nodules contain macrophages and lymphocytes.
D)The tonsils and Peyer's patches are the lymphatic tissue of the pharynx.
E)Two of the most important paired groups of lymph nodes are the axillary and the inguinal nodes.
F)Within nodes and nodules,antibodies are produced by IG cells.

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true of antibodies (Select all that apply)?

A)Antibodies destroy antigens by penetrating their cell membranes.
B)The only class of antibodies that can cross the placenta is IgM.
C)The IgA class of antibodies is found on mucous membranes and in breast milk.
D)Antibodies render toxins harmless because they change the shape of the toxins.
E)Antibodies label foreign antigens,and such a label stimulates phagocytosis by macrophages.
F)Antibodies are effective against viruses because they disable the nucleic acid of the virus.