Deck 15 (MC): The Respiratory System

Question 1

The palatine tonsils are ___ tissue,and are found in the ___.

A)lymphatic/oropharynx
B)epithelial/nasopharynx
C)epithelial/oropharynx
D)lymphatic/nasopharynx

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of these bones increases the surface area of the nasal mucosa?

A)maxillae
B)vomer
C)zygomatic
D)conchae

Answer 2

D

Question 3

During swallowing,the larynx is covered by the:

A)hard palate
B)soft palate
C)glottis
D)epiglottis

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The function of most cartilage in the respiratory tract is to:

A)provide smooth surfaces
B)lubricate moving parts
C)support the nasal cavities
D)keep tubular structures open

Question 5

Which statement is NOT true of the pharynx?

A)The nasopharynx is a passageway only for air.
B)The tonsils are lymphatic tissue that destroy pathogens in incoming air or food.
C)During swallowing,the nasopharynx is covered by the epiglottis.
D)The laryngopharynx opens into the larynx and the esophagus.

Question 6

The trachea branches into the:

A)primary bronchi,one to each lung
B)secondary bronchi,one to each lung
C)primary bronchi,two right and one left
D)secondary bronchi,two right and one left

Question 7

During swallowing,the nasopharynx is covered by the:

A)hard palate
B)soft palate
C)glottis
D)epiglottis

Question 8

The function of the epiglottis is to:

A)cover the oropharynx during breathing
B)keep the larynx open during breathing
C)cover the oropharynx during swallowing
D)cover the larynx during swallowing

Question 9

Mucus and pathogens are swept out of the larynx and trachea by:

A)smooth muscle
B)peristalsis
C)ciliated epithelium
D)squamous epithelium

Question 10

The trachea is ___ to the esophagus and ___ to the larynx.

A)anterior/inferior
B)posterior/inferior
C)anterior/superior
D)posterior/ superior

Question 11

The function of the soft palate is to:

A)cover the nasopharynx during swallowing
B)cover the larynx during swallowing
C)open to permit breathing through the mouth
D)close to prevent breathing through the mouth

Question 12

The parts of the pharynx that are both air and food passageways are the:

A)oropharynx and laryngopharynx
B)laryngopharynx and nasopharynx
C)nasopharynx and oropharynx
D)oropharynx and glossopharynx

Question 13

The ciliated epithelium of the nasal mucosa:

A)sweeps mucus and pathogens out of the nose
B)keeps the air moving toward the pharynx
C)sweeps mucus and pathogens toward the pharynx
D)prevents dust from entering the nose

Question 14

The nasal cavities are lined with:

A)stratified squamous epithelium as a barrier to pathogens
B)ciliated epithelium to sweep mucus anteriorly
C)stratified squamous epithelium to prevent loss of water
D)ciliated epithelium to sweep mucus posteriorly

Question 15

Which statement is NOT true of the larynx?

A)It contains the vocal cords for speaking.
B)The thyroid cartilage is the large anterior cartilage.
C)The vocal cords are vibrated by exhaled air to produce sounds.
D)It is an air passage between the pharynx and the primary bronchi.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a bone of the nasal cavities?

A)ethmoid
B)vomer
C)conchae
D)zygomatic

Question 17

Which statement is NOT true of swallowing?

A)The nasopharynx is blocked by the soft palate.
B)Swallowing is a reflex regulated by the medulla.
C)Breathing ceases.
D)The larynx is blocked by the glottis.

Question 18

Inhaled air is first warmed and moistened by the:

A)alveoli
B)larynx
C)trachea
D)nasal mucosa

Question 19

The airways of the larynx and trachea are kept open by:

A)fibrous connective tissue
B)cartilage
C)bone
D)ciliated epithelium

Question 20

Which statement is NOT true of the nasal mucosa?

A)It warms the inhaled air.
B)The cilia sweep mucus and pathogens out of the nose.
C)It adds moisture to the inhaled air.
D)Its surface area is increased by the conchae.

Question 21

The diaphragm is made of ___,and separates the ___.

A)skeletal muscle/thoracic and abdominal cavities
B)skeletal muscle/two lungs
C)smooth muscle/thoracic and abdominal cavities
D)smooth muscle/two lungs

Question 22

The tissue of which the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries are made is:

A)ciliated epithelium
B)smooth muscle
C)simple squamous epithelium
D)stratified squamous epithelium

Question 23

Inflation of the alveoli is made possible by the presence of ___ within the alveoli.

A)tissue fluid
B)plasma
C)serous fluid
D)surfactant

Question 24

The function of pulmonary surfactant is to:

A)decrease surface tension within the alveoli
B)decrease friction around the alveoli
C)decrease surface tension around the alveoli
D)decrease friction between the alveoli

Question 25

The alveoli are made of simple squamous epithelium,which:

A)provides a smooth surface
B)permits diffusion
C)prevents friction
D)sweeps pathogens out of the lungs

Question 26

If surfactant were not produced,how would the alveoli be affected?

A)Inflation would be difficult.
B)Deflation would be difficult.
C)Overinflation would occur frequently.
D)The alveoli would rupture.

Question 27

Pulmonary surfactant is produced by:

A)pulmonary capillaries
B)the pleural membranes
C)alveolar type I cells
D)alveolar type II cells

Question 28

During breathing,friction between the pleural membranes is prevented by:

A)tissue fluid
B)pulmonary surfactant
C)serous fluid
D)plasma

Question 29

Which statement is NOT true of the pleural membranes?

A)They are the serous membranes of the thoracic cavity.
B)Serous fluid prevents friction during breathing.
C)The parietal pleura lines the chest cavity.
D)The visceral pleura lines the lungs.

Question 30

The visceral pleura is found:

A)covering the chest cavity
B)lining the chest cavity
C)covering the lungs
D)lining the lungs

Question 31

Any pathogens or air pollution that reach the alveoli are usually destroyed by:

A)lymphocytes in the pulmonary capillaries
B)alveolar macrophages
C)alveolar type I cells
D)alveolar type II cells

Question 32

The serous membrane that lines the chest cavity is the:

A)parietal pleura
B)visceral pleura
C)pulmonary pleura
D)bronchial pleura

Question 33

The serous membrane that covers the lungs is the:

A)parietal pleura
B)visceral pleura
C)pulmonary pleura
D)bronchial pleura

Question 34

Which statement is NOT true of the bronchial tree?

A)The trachea branches into the right and left primary bronchi.
B)The secondary bronchi carry air to the lobes of each lung.
C)The primary and secondary bronchi are kept open by cartilage.
D)The bronchioles are kept open by skeletal muscle.

Question 35

Which statement is NOT true of the alveoli of the lungs?

A)They are surrounded by pulmonary capillaries.
B)Diffusion of gases takes place across only six layers of cells.
C)Tissue fluid lining the alveoli permits the diffusion of gases.
D)Surfactant permits the inflation of alveoli by decreasing their internal surface tension.

Question 36

The importance of the tissue fluid that lines the alveoli is that it:

A)prevents friction
B)permits sliding
C)decreases surface tension
D)permits diffusion of gases

Question 37

The function of serous fluid is to:

A)prevent friction within the alveoli
B)prevent friction between the pleural membranes
C)permit diffusion of gases in the alveoli
D)decrease the surface tension around the pleural membranes

Question 38

The parietal pleura is found:

A)covering the chest cavity
B)lining the chest cavity
C)covering the lungs
D)lining the lungs

Question 39

The parts of the bronchial tree that open into the alveoli are the:

A)bronchioles
B)primary bronchi
C)secondary bronchi
D)tracheal bronchi

Question 40

The pulmonary capillaries are made of simple squamous epithelium,which:

A)is thin to permit diffusion
B)is able to constrict to decrease blood flow
C)is able to dilate to increase blood flow
D)is smooth to prevent friction during breathing

Question 41

During exhalation,intrapulmonic pressure ___ and air ___.

A)increases/enters the alveoli
B)decreases/enters the alveoli
C)increases/leaves the alveoli
D)decreases/leaves the alveoli

Question 42

The muscles of inhalation are the:

A)diaphragm and external intercostals contracting
B)diaphragm relaxing and external intercostals contracting
C)diaphragm and internal intercostals contracting
D)diaphragm relaxing and internal intercostals contracting

Question 43

The pressure in the potential pleural space is called:

A)intrapleural pressure
B)interpleural pressure
C)contrapleural pressure
D)hypopleural pressure

Question 44

During exhalation,the diaphragm:

A)contracts and moves downward
B)contracts and moves upward
C)relaxes and moves downward
D)relaxes and moves upward

Question 45

The internal intercostal muscles pull the ribs:

A)out and in,for a forced exhalation
B)out and down,for a forced inhalation
C)down and in,for a forced exhalation
D)out and up,for a forced inhalation

Question 46

Which statement is NOT true of the air pressures involved in breathing?

A)Intrapleural pressure is always below atmospheric pressure.
B)Atmospheric pressure is highest at sea level.
C)Intrapulmonic pressure constantly changes during breathing.
D)Enlargement of the chest cavity causes intrapulmonic pressure to increase.

Question 47

The term ventilation means:

A)movement of air through the upper respiratory tract
B)movement of air through the lower respiratory tract
C)exhaling as forcefully as possible to empty the alveoli
D)movement of air into and out of the alveoli

Question 48

Intrapulmonic pressure is the pressure:

A)of the air just before it enters the nose
B)within the bronchial tree and alveoli
C)between the pleural membranes
D)within the pulmonary circulation,where blood pressure is always low

Question 49

The movement of air to and from the alveoli is called:

A)pulmonary respiration
B)ventilation
C)cyclic respiration
D)reflex respiration

Question 50

The air pressure within the bronchial tree and alveoli is called:

A)intrapulmonic pressure
B)stratospheric pressure
C)atmospheric pressure
D)intrapleural pressure

Question 51

The respiratory air pressure that is always negative is:

A)intrapulmonic pressure
B)intrapleural pressure
C)interpulmonic pressure
D)interpleural pressure

Question 52

The elastic lungs are always tending to collapse,but this is prevented by:

A)serous fluid
B)pulmonary surfactant
C)plasma
D)mucus

Question 53

During inhalation,intrapulmonic pressure ___ and air ___.

A)increases/enters the alveoli
B)decreases/enters the alveoli
C)increases/leaves the alveoli
D)decreases/leaves the alveoli

Question 54

Which statement is NOT true of the respiratory muscles?

A)The diaphragm moves upward during inhalation.
B)The intercostal muscles are attached to the ribs.
C)The internal intercostal muscles contribute to a forced exhalation.
D)The external intercostal muscles assist in inhalation.

Question 55

Intrapleural pressure is the pressure:

A)in the potential pleural space
B)between the visceral pleura and the alveoli
C)within the alveoli nearest to the pleura
D)between the parietal pleura and the chest wall

Question 56

The air pressure outside the body is called:

A)intrapulmonic pressure
B)stratospheric pressure
C)atmospheric pressure
D)intrapleural pressure

Question 57

The internal intercostal muscles are important for a:

A)normal exhalation
B)normal inhalation
C)forced exhalation
D)deep inhalation

Question 58

The external intercostal muscles pull the ribs:

A)up and out,for inhalation
B)up and down,for exhalation
C)in and down,for exhalation
D)down and out,for inhalation

Question 59

During inhalation,the diaphragm:

A)contracts and moves downward
B)contracts and moves upward
C)relaxes and moves downward
D)relaxes and moves upward

Question 60

If air at atmospheric pressure were to enter one side of the chest cavity,what would happen?

A)The alveoli on that side would rupture.
B)Pulmonary circulation at the site would increase.
C)The parietal pleura would suction air from the lung on that side.
D)The lung on that side would collapse.

Question 61

In external respiration,the partial pressures are:

A)alveoli: high PO₂,low PCO₂; pulmonary capillaries: low PO₂,high PCO₂
B)alveoli: high PO₂,high PCO₂; pulmonary capillaries: low PO₂,low PCO₂
C)alveoli: low PO₂,high PCO₂; pulmonary capillaries: high PO₂,low PCO₂
D)alveoli: low PO₂,low PCO₂; pulmonary capillaries: high PO₂,high PCO₂

Question 62

Residual air is important because it:

A)prevents collapse of the lungs
B)provides for continuous exchange of gases
C)signals the need to breathe again
D)provides a rest period for the respiratory muscles

Question 63

Vital capacity is the pulmonary volume that includes:

A)tidal volume and inspiratory reserve
B)tidal volume and expiratory reserve
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and the vital residual last gasp reserve

Question 64

Internal respiration is:

A)the exchange of gases in tissues
B)the passage of air through the lower respiratory tract
C)another name for cell respiration
D)the use of oxygen to produce energy

Question 65

Hemoglobin will release oxygen where the:

A)PO₂ is low
B)PCO₂ is low
C)temperature is low
D)all of these

Question 66

In external respiration,oxygen diffuses from the:

A)alveoli to the blood
B)blood to the tissue fluid
C)blood to the alveoli
D)tissue fluid to the blood

Question 67

In internal respiration,the partial pressures are:

A)capillaries: low PO₂,high PCO₂; tissue fluid: low PO₂,high PCO₂
B)capillaries: high PO₂,low PCO₂; tissue fluid: low PO₂,high PCO₂
C)capillaries: low PO₂,high PCO₂; tissue fluid: high PO₂,low PCO₂
D)capillaries: high PO₂,low PCO₂; tissue fluid: high PO₂,low PCO₂

Question 68

Most oxygen is transported in the blood bonded to:

A)iron in the plasma
B)RBC membranes
C)hemoglobin in the plasma
D)hemoglobin in the RBCs

Question 69

The volume of air left in the lungs after the most forceful exhalation is called:

A)residual air
B)remainder volume
C)maintenance capacity
D)alveolar capacity volume

Question 70

Which statement is NOT true of respiratory volumes?

A)They vary with the age and height of a person.
B)Residual air is the air we cannot exhale.
C)Vital capacity is the volume of the deepest inhalation.
D)Tidal volume is considered a normal breath.

Question 71

The function of hemoglobin is to:

A)carry most oxygen and most carbon dioxide
B)carry most oxygen
C)carry most carbon dioxide bonded to iron
D)carry some oxygen and most carbon dioxide

Question 72

Exercising muscle will receive more oxygen from hemoglobin than will relaxed muscle,because:

A)its PO₂ is low
B)its PCO₂ is high
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and its temperature is higher than usual

Question 73

In internal respiration,oxygen diffuses from the:

A)alveoli to the blood
B)blood to the tissue fluid
C)blood to the alveoli
D)tissue fluid to the blood

Question 74

Which of these is NOT a factor that increases the release of oxygen from hemoglobin?

A)low PO₂
B)high PCO₂
C)high PO₂
D)high temperature

Question 75

In external respiration,carbon dioxide diffuses from the:

A)alveoli to the blood
B)blood to the tissue fluid
C)blood to the alveoli
D)tissue fluid to the blood

Question 76

If total lung capacity is 5000 mL and vital capacity is 4000 mL,the remaining liter of air is:

A)inspiratory reserve
B)expiratory reserve
C)tidal volume
D)residual air

Question 77

The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in one breath is called:

A)tidal volume
B)normal volume
C)normal capacity
D)expected capacity

Question 78

External respiration is:

A)the exchange of gases in the alveoli
B)the passage of air through the upper respiratory tract
C)inhalation followed by exhalation
D)only exhalation

Question 79

The volume of air in the greatest inhalation followed by the most forceful exhalation is called:

A)vital capacity
B)maximal capacity
C)maximal volume
D)vital volume

Question 80

In internal respiration,carbon dioxide diffuses from the:

A)alveoli to the blood
B)blood to the tissue fluid
C)blood to the alveoli
D)tissue fluid to the blood