Deck 13: The Common Organic Reactions in Biochemistry

Question 1

What is the product when this compound undergoes oxidation?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the purpose of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)in the body?

A) It is an oxidizing agent.
B) It is a reducing agent.
C) It donates oxygen.
D) It donates hydrogen.
E) It accepts oxygen.

Answer 2

It is an oxidizing agent.

Question 3

The following reaction is the hydrogenation of an unsaturated fatty acid.Which choice BEST describe molecules A and B?

A) Both A and B are fats.
B) Both A and B are oils.
C) A is a fat, and B is an oil.
D) A is an oil, and B is a fat.
E) A is an oil, and B is a trans fat.

Answer 3

A is an oil, and B is a fat.

Question 4

The following reaction is an example of a(n)

A) neutralization.
B) combustion.
C) oxidation.
D) reduction.
E) condensation.

Question 5

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the species that loses electrons is

A) oxygen.
B) oxidized.
C) hydrogen.
D) reduced.
E) carbon.

Question 6

Carbohydrates are molecules that are composed of many oxygen-containing functional groups.Carbohydrates, like other oxygen-containing molecules, can be oxidized in the laboratory.Which choice illustrates the oxidation of mannose, a simple carbohydrate?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 7

Cellular respiration is an example of a(n)___________ reaction. I.Oxidation-reduction
II)Acid-base
III)Combustion

A) I only
B) I and II only
C) III only
D) I and III only
E) I, II, and III

Question 8

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the species that gains electrons is

A) oxygen.
B) oxidized.
C) hydrogen.
D) reduced.
E) carbon.

Question 9

What is the product of the following reaction?

A) no reaction
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 10

What does [O] represent in the following reaction?

A) the oxidizing agent
B) the species that is oxidized
C) the reducing agent
D) the species that is protonated
E) atomic oxygen

Question 11

Enzymes are categorized by

A) their size and number of amino acids that comprise them.
B) their ability to dissolve in aqueous or lipid environments.
C) the type of reaction that they catalyze.
D) the cell and tissue type in which they are located.
E) None of the above is correct.

Question 12

Which ester has a line through the bond(s)that is broken during hydrolysis?

A) ester a
B) ester b
C) ester c
D) ester d
E) ester e

Question 13

During hydrolysis reactions, as is true for all reactions, some bonds are broken and new ones are formed.Which bonds are broken, and which bonds are formed during the following hydrolysis reaction?

A) Broken: a-b only Formed: e-a only
B) Broken: b-c only Formed: b-d only
C) Broken: b-c and d-e Formed: b-d and c-e
D) Broken: a-b and b-c Formed: a-e and c-e
E) Broken: a-b and e-d Formed: a-e and b-d

Question 14

What is the name of the functional group produced by the following reaction?

A) a thioester
B) a sulfur
C) a sulfhydride
D) a thiol
E) a hydrogen sulfide

Question 15

What are the products of the following reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 16

What is the product of the following reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 17

The following reaction is an example of a(n)___________ reaction. CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O
I.Oxidation-reduction
II.Acid-base
III.Combustion

A) I only
B) I and II only
C) III only
D) I and III only
E) I, II, and III

Question 18

An amide is hydrolyzed as is shown in the following reaction.After it is hydrolyzed, it undergoes another reaction.Which choice represents the products of this further reaction?

A) There is no further reaction.
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 19

When ethanol is metabolized, it is

A) synthesized.
B) oxidized.
C) anabolized.
D) substituted.
E) reduced.

Question 20

Which reaction is NOT an example of an oxidation-reduction reaction?

A) CH₃COOH + NH₃ → CH₃COO^- + NH₄⁺
B) CH₃CH₂CH=CH₂ + H₂ → CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
C)
D)
E)

Question 21

The first two steps of ethanol metabolism are shown below.Which molecule is reduced over the course of these reactions?

A) ethanol and acetaldehyde
B) alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
C) ethanol and alcohol dehydrogenase
D) acetic acid
E) NAD⁺

Question 22

The metabolism of ethanol, like all biochemical reactions, requires

A) energy.
B) heat.
C) catalysts.
D) water.
E) oxygen.

Question 23

What type of reaction is this?

A) oxidation
B) reduction
C) combustion
D) hydration
E) dehydration

Question 24

Which statement BEST describes the following reaction?

A) In this reaction, both ethanol and NAD⁺ are reduced.
B) In this reaction, both ethanol and NAD⁺ are oxidized.
C) In this reaction, ethanol is reduced and NAD⁺ is oxidized.
D) In this reaction, ethanol is oxidized and NAD⁺ is reduced.
E) This is not an oxidation-reduction reaction.

Question 25

The term substrate refers to the _________ in a biochemical reaction.

A) reactant
B) product
C) catalyst
D) coenzyme
E) enzyme

Question 26

Which pair of molecules will react similarly in the presence of an oxidant?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 27

Select the TRUE statement regarding vitamins.

A) Everyone should take a vitamin supplement.
B) Certain people, such as pregnant women, may benefit from vitamin supplements.
C) No one should take a vitamin supplement.
D) Only certain vitamins are needed in supplement form.
E) Even a healthy diet cannot supply all the necessary vitamins.

Question 28

Which of the following statements describes the processes that can occur during reduction? I.Loss of electrons
II)Gain of electrons
III)Loss of oxygens
IV)Loss of hydrogens

A) II only
B) I only
C) I and III
D) II and IV
E) II and III

Question 29

Which reaction is used in making soap?

A) ​
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 30

From which vitamin is NAD⁺/NADH produced in the body?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin D
C) niacin
D) vitamin E
E) biotin

Question 31

Which characteristic is NOT shared by all combustion reactions?

A) They occur in multiple steps.
B) They require oxygen.
C) They release water and carbon dioxide.
D) They are exothermic.
E) They are a type of oxidation-reduction reaction.

Question 32

Which reaction is the saponification of a fat?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 33

Which food is NOT high in niacin?

A) oranges
B) anchovies
C) bran
D) peanuts
E) tuna

Question 34

Which functional group can be oxidized but not reduced?

A) an alcohol
B) an alkane
C) an alkyne
D) an alkene
E) a carboxylic acid

Question 35

What is the product of the following hydrolysis reaction between an ester and water?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 36

An ester, thioester, or amide can all undergo hydrolysis.Which characteristic do these three reactions have in common?

A) All produce water.
B) All produce a carboxylic acid or carboxylate ion.
C) All require a strong acid to occur.
D) All are very unfavorable.
E) All are very fast reactions.

Question 37

Which functional group is produced when a carboxylic acid and an alcohol react in the presence of a catalyst?

A) an aldehyde
B) an ether
C) a ketone
D) an ester
E) a salt

Question 38

Which classification of alcohols can undergo oxidation to yield a ketone?

A) Both primary and secondary alcohols yield ketones when oxidized.
B) Both secondary and tertiary alcohols yield ketones when oxidized.
C) Only primary alcohols yield ketones when oxidized.
D) Only secondary alcohols yield ketones when oxidized.
E) Only tertiary alcohols yield ketones when oxidized.

Question 39

What is the product of this esterification reaction? ​

A) choice a, no reaction
B) product b
C) product c
D) product d
E) product e

Question 40

Fortified foods are

A) foods naturally high in vitamins.
B) foods in which all needed vitamins have been added.
C) processed foods, which have always had vitamins added to replace those lost in processing.
D) foods which have vitamins added to them.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 41

What is the product of the following reduction reaction?

A) molecule a
B) molecule b
C) molecule c
D) molecule d
E) molecule e

Question 42

What does [H] represent in the following reaction?

A) the oxidizing agent
B) the species that is oxidized
C) the reducing agent
D) the species that is protonated
E) atomic hydrogen

Question 43

Which statement BEST describes a similarity between a hydration and a dehydration reaction?

A) They both involve hydrogen.
B) They both involve addition to a double bond.
C) They both result in splitting a molecule.
D) The both result in forming one molecule from two.
E) They both involve water.

Question 44

What is the product of the following reaction?

A) no reaction
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 45

Is the ketone oxidized or reduced during this reaction, and how can you tell?

A) Neither.This is not an oxidation-reduction reaction.
B) The ketone is both oxidized and reduced because this is an oxidation-reduction reaction.
C) The ketone is oxidized because it loses two hydrogens.
D) The ketone is reduced because it loses two hydrogens.
E) The ketone is reduced because it gains two hydrogens.

Question 46

FAD and NAD⁺ are examples of

A) enzymes.
B) coenzymes.
C) vitamins.
D) substrates.
E) inhibitors.

Question 47

What is the product of the following amidation reaction?

A) product a
B) product b
C) product c
D) product d
E) product e

Question 48

The sequence, ethanol → ethanal (acetaldehyde)→ ethanoic acid (acetic acid), represents a series of what kind of reactions?

A) single replacement
B) oxidation
C) combustion
D) reduction
E) hydrolysis

Question 49

What type of reaction is this?

A) oxidation
B) reduction
C) combustion
D) hydration
E) dehydration

Question 50

Sorbitol is a sweetener often used in chewing gum and diet drinks.It is obtained by the following reaction.Which functional group transformation occurs during this reaction?

A) The aldehyde becomes an alcohol.
B) An alcohol becomes an aldehyde.
C) An alcohol disappears.
D) A new aldehyde appears.
E) All of the above occur.

Question 51

Which of the following partial structures is an acyl group?

A) structure a
B) structure b
C) structure c
D) structure d
E) structure e

Question 52

Select the TRUE statement regarding vitamins.

A) Vitamins are organic molecules required by enzymes.
B) Vitamins must be supplied regularly through the diet.
C) Riboflavin, vitamin B₂, is converted to FAD/FADH₂.
D) Insufficient vitamin intake can lead to deficiency diseases.
E) All of the above are true about vitamins.

Question 53

The following reaction occurs in the body.Which reactant is most probably required for this reaction to occur?

A) O₂
B) H₂
C) FAD
D) NAD
E) FADH₂

Question 54

What is the purpose of NAD⁺ in the body?

A) It is an oxidizing agent.
B) It is a reducing agent.
C) It donates oxygen.
D) It donates hydrogen.
E) It accepts oxygen.

Question 55

Which of the following statements describes the processes that can occur during oxidation? I.Loss of electrons
II)Gain of electrons
III)Loss of oxygens
IV)Loss of hydrogens

A) I only
B) II only
C) I and III
D) I and IV
E) II and IV

Question 56

Sorbitol is a sweetener often used in chewing gum and diet drinks.It is obtained by the following reaction.Is glucose oxidized or reduced during the reaction?

A) It is oxidized.
B) It is reduced.
C) It is neither oxidized nor reduced.
D) It is both oxidized and reduced.
E) Many different reactions occur.

Question 57

Foods that contain the product of the reaction shown below are labeled as

A) hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated.
B) fatty.
C) oily.
D) fat free.
E) diet.

Question 58

What is the missing reactant for the following reaction?

A) structure a
B) structure b
C) structure c
D) structure d
E) structure e

Question 59

Which statement BEST describes what occurs over the course of the following reaction?

A) Two hydrogens are added to acyl-CoA, forming a double bond.
B) Two hydrogens are added to acyl-CoA, breaking a double bond.
C) Two protons are added to acyl-CoA, forming a double bond.
D) Two hydrogens are removed from acyl-CoA, forming a double bond.
E) Two protons are removed from acyl-CoA, forming a double bond.

Question 60

Which statement describes coenzymes?

A) They are organic molecules derived from vitamins.
B) They are only found in bacterial cells.
C) They are chemically unchanged over the course of a reaction.
D) They are enzymes.
E) They are oxidoreductases.

Question 61

An oxidation-reduction reaction is the transfer of

A) methyl groups.
B) phosphate groups.
C) protons.
D) electrons.
E) oxygen atoms.

Question 62

What is the product of the following reaction? ​

A) product a
B) product b
C) product c
D) product d
E) product e

Question 63

How is ethanol metabolized in the liver?

A) Ethanol is metabolized by a series of reduction reactions to produce ethane gas.
B) Ethanol is metabolized by a series of oxidation reactions to produce lactic acid and water.
C) Ethanol is not metabolized, but rather it is excreted as a poison by the kidneys.
D) Ethanol is metabolized by a series of oxidation reactions to produce carbon dioxide and water.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 64

When unsaturated fatty acids are hydrogenated, an isomerization reaction sometimes occurs producing

A) saturated fatty acids.
B) unsaturated fatty acid.
C) cis fats.
D) trans fats.
E) carboxylate ions.

Question 65

Is the aldehyde oxidized or reduced during the following reaction, and how can you tell?

A) Neither.This is not an oxidation-reduction reaction.
B) The aldehyde is neither oxidized nor reduced because the number of hydrogens does not change.
C) The aldehyde is oxidized because it loses two hydrogens.
D) The aldehyde is reduced because it loses two hydrogens.
E) The aldehyde is oxidized because it gains an oxygen.

Question 66

The reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst produces an ester and a molecule of water.Which of the labeled atoms below are involved in making the molecule of water?

A) atoms a and d
B) atoms b and d
C) atoms b, c, and d
D) atoms a, c, and d
E) atoms c, d, and e

Question 67

Which of the following is a reason for classifying organic molecules by functional group?

A) The reactivity of a molecule is determined by the functional groups in a molecule.
B) Molecules with the same functional group tend to react similarly.
C) A specific functional group has characteristic reactivity.
D) You can predict the reactivity of a molecule if you know the functional groups that it contains.
E) All of the above are reasons.

Question 68

The reaction of fatty acid A is an example of a(n)

A) neutralization.
B) combustion.
C) oxidation.
D) reduction.
E) condensation.

Question 69

The following reaction is one step in the key metabolic pathway called the citric acid cycle.This reaction is missing a reactant (A)which reacts to form a product (B).What is the identity of A and B?

A) A is NAD⁺, and B is NADH + H⁺.
B) A is FAD, and B is FADH₂.
C) A is NADH + H⁺, and B is NAD⁺.
D) A is FADH₂, and B is FAD.
E) Actually, there is no A, but B is H₂.

Question 70

Which of the following is the missing reactant in the reaction below, the hydrolysis of a thioester?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 71

Which of the following statements describe esters? I.They are fruit flavorings.
II)They are sometimes a component of perfumes.
III)Soap can be made from an ester.

A) All of these statements describe esters.
B) Only I describes esters.
C) I and II describe esters.
D) I and III describe esters.
E) II and III describe esters.

Question 72

What is the product of the following reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 73

After an amide is hydrolyzed, it undergoes further reaction.Which occurs after an amide is hydrolyzed?

A) hydration
B) dehydration
C) an acid-base reaction
D) another hydrolysis
E) condensation

Question 74

Which amide has a line through the bond that is broken during hydrolysis?

A) amide a
B) amide b
C) amide c
D) amide d
E) amide e

Question 75

Which statement BEST describes the distinction between a hydration and a dehydration reaction?

A) Hydration requires a carbonyl group, and dehydration does not.
B) Hydration is the addition of water, and dehydration is the loss of water.
C) Hydration results in breaking bonds, and dehydration creates bonds.
D) Hydration is an oxidation, and dehydration is a reduction.
E) Hydration and dehydration actually describe the same process.

Question 76

Which classification of alcohols cannot be oxidized, and why?

A) tertiary, because they don't have a hydrogen on the carbon adjacent to the alcohol
B) tertiary, because the alcohol is already attached to four atoms
C) secondary, because they are too hindered by carbons adjacent to the alcohol
D) primary, because they undergo competing reactions in the presence of an oxidant
E) primary, because the reaction takes too much energy

Question 77

What is the product of the following reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 78

Hydrolysis is an example of an acyl group transfer reaction.To what molecule or group of atoms is an acyl group transferred during this type of reaction?

A) an amine
B) -OH
C) a carboxylic acid
D) a thiol
E) an ether

Question 79

Which statement describes a difference between FAD/FADH₂ and NAD⁺/NADH?

A) FAD/FADH₂ is an enzyme, and NAD⁺/NADH is not.
B) FAD/FADH₂ is a coenzyme, and NAD⁺/NADH is not.
C) FAD/FADH₂ is found in cells of the body, and NAD⁺/NADH is not.
D) FAD/FADH₂ is involved in reactions of alkenes, and NAD⁺/NADH is involved in reactions of C-O bonds.
E) FAD/FADH₂ and NAD⁺/NADH are identical.

Question 80

Which molecule can be oxidized to a carboxylic acid?

A) molecule a
B) molecule b
C) molecule c
D) molecule d
E) molecule e