Deck 19 (MR): Fluid–Electrolyte and Acid–Base Balance

Question 1

Which of the following statements are true of water and water compartments (Select all that apply)?

A)Interstitial fluid is another name for intracellular fluid.
B)Water moves into and out of cells mainly by osmosis.
C)Lymph was previously tissue fluid and will become plasma.
D)Tissue fluid is formed from plasma by the process of filtration.
E)Cerebrospinal fluid is the tissue fluid of the CNS and is formed by active transport.
F)The largest water compartment is plasma,and the smallest is tissue fluid.

Answer 1

B,C,D

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true of fluid volume and hormones (Select all that apply)?

A)Increased secretion of ADH will help prevent the loss of body fluid.
B)Aldosterone increases the excretion of sodium ions and the retention of potassium ions and water.
C)ANP increases the retention of sodium ions and has no effect on potassium ions.
D)Dehydration (any form or cause)will stimulate secretion of ADH.
E)An increase in BP stimulates secretion of aldosterone by way of the renin-angiotensin mechanism.
F)The kidneys are target organs of ADH,ANP,and aldosterone.

Answer 2

A,D,F

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true of electrolytes (Select all that apply)?

A)The major cation in tissue fluid is sodium,and the major anion is chloride.
B)Potassium is the major cation in intracellular fluid,and phosphate and proteins are the major anions.
C)The major anion in plasma is chloride,and the major cation is sodium.
D)Calcium and magnesium are anions needed for normal bone growth.
E)Osmotic pressure in body fluids is created mainly by sodium,potassium,chloride,and phosphate ions.
F)The presence of electrolytes in a water compartment determines whether that compartment will gain or lose water.
G)Sulfate cations are an essential part of some proteins.
H)Calcium ions are essential for blood clotting.

Answer 3

A,B,C,E,F,H

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true of buffer systems (Select all that apply)?

A)When body fluids become too acidic,the bicarbonate buffer system forms more sodium bicarbonate from the acid.
B)The phosphate buffer system is used by the kidneys to excrete or retain hydrogen ions.
C)An amino acid acts as an acid when its carboxyl group picks up a hydrogen ion.
D)Proteins as buffers are of greatest importance within cells.
E)An amino acid acts as a base when its amine group gives off a hydrogen ion.
F)A buffer system responds very quickly to a change in the pH of body fluids,but its molecules may be rapidly used up.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of acid-base regulation (Select all that apply)?

A)The respiratory system responds to metabolic acidosis by decreasing the breathing rate to conserve CO₂.
B)The respiratory system is only about 10% effective at correcting a long-term pH imbalance.
C)Respiratory acidosis is caused by anything that decreases the rate or efficiency of breathing.
D)Correction of a long-term pH imbalance depends primarily on the kidneys.
E)The kidneys respond to acidosis by retaining hydrogen ions.
F)If the pH of the blood is 7.5,the blood is slightly alkaline,but physiologically is "too alkaline."
G)A state of acidosis causes increased nerve activity that may progress to seizures.
H)A state of alkalosis causes confusion and impairment of consciousness.

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true of water intake and output (Select all that apply)?

A)Most water intake is in the form of water and other beverages.
B)Most water output is in the form of urine.
C)Metabolic water provides 25% of the total water intake because cell respiration is a constant process.
D)Most foods do not provide water.
E)Water loss by way of sweating may vary greatly from day to day.
F)Water loss by way of breathing is the water vapor in exhaled air.