Deck 22 (MC): An Introduction to Microbiology and Human Disease

Question 1

With respect to the skin,the largest resident flora would be found in the:

A)femoral area
B)patellar area
C)iliac area
D)plantar area

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Hydrochloric acid destroys most pathogens that get to the:

A)intestines
B)stomach
C)lungs
D)mouth

Answer 2

B

Question 3

An inapparent infection is one in which the person has no:

A)cough
B)rash
C)fever
D)symptoms at all

Answer 3

D

Question 4

With respect to the skin,the largest resident flora would be found in the:

A)cervical area
B)axillary area
C)frontal area
D)deltoid area

Question 5

Bacteria that cannot reproduce in the presence of oxygen are called:

A)deoxygenated
B)aerobic
C)facultatively anaerobic
D)anaerobic

Question 6

The bacterial population of the urinary bladder is:

A)virtually nonexistent
B)medium sized
C)large
D)very large,but urination keeps removing the bacteria

Question 7

Bacteria that can reproduce in the presence or absence of oxygen are called:

A)easy to please
B)multi-aerobic
C)facultatively anaerobic
D)pseudo-anaerobic

Question 8

Which statement is NOT true of the normal flora of a person?

A)The urinary bladder is virtually free of bacteria.
B)The skin has a small bacterial and fungal population,especially where the skin is dry.
C)The blood should be free of microorganisms.
D)The mouth has fungi and protozoa as well as bacteria.

Question 9

Our resident colon flora is important to us because it produces:

A)vitamins
B)minerals
C)carbohydrates
D)all of the above

Question 10

Bacteria that require oxygen in order to reproduce are called:

A)deoxygenated
B)oxygenated
C)aerobic
D)anaerobic

Question 11

The flaking of the stratum corneum continuously removes pathogens from the:

A)mouth
B)lining of the trachea
C)skin
D)stomach

Question 12

A zoonosis is a disease that:

A)people give to their pets
B)people get from visiting zoos
C)people acquire from animals,the natural hosts
D)people acquire,but without symptoms

Question 13

An infection in which the person has symptoms is called:

A)symptomatic
B)apparent
C)clinical
D)all of these

Question 14

A microorganism that is usually harmless but may become a pathogen in specific circumstances is called:

A)a facultative anaerobe
B)an opportunist
C)antigenic
D)self-limiting

Question 15

The sweeping of ciliated epithelium normally prevents pathogens from reaching the:

A)stomach
B)liver
C)skin
D)lungs

Question 16

A subclinical infection is one in which the person:

A)has no symptoms
B)does not have to see a doctor because the symptoms are mild
C)can be sure of recovery by drinking lots of fluids to lower the fever
D)should see a doctor if the fever is over 100°F

Question 17

The part of the small intestine with the largest resident flora is the:

A)duodenum
B)jejunum
C)ileum
D)cecum

Question 18

An infection in which the person has no symptoms is called:

A)subclinical
B)asymptomatic
C)inapparent
D)all of these

Question 19

Which statement is NOT true of the normal flora of a person?

A)The bacteria in the vagina create an alkaline pH that inhibits the growth of pathogens.
B)The colon has bacteria that produce vitamins,especially vitamin K.
C)The cilia of the nasal cavities sweep inhaled microorganisms to the pharynx.
D)The part of the small intestine with the smallest bacterial population is the duodenum.

Question 20

In women,the vagina has:

A)a small bacterial flora
B)a medium-sized bacterial flora of no significance
C)a medium-sized bacterial flora that creates an alkaline pH
D)a large bacterial flora that creates an acidic pH

Question 21

Rod-shaped bacteria are called ___,and spiral bacteria are called ___.

A)bacilli/cocci
B)spirilla/cocci
C)spirilla/bacilli
D)bacilli/spirilla

Question 22

A disease that is normally present in a population,with an expected number of cases,is said to be:

A)endemic
B)epidemic
C)pandemic
D)epidemiologic

Question 23

Septicemia is the presence of bacteria in the:

A)blood
B)lungs
C)cerebrospinal fluid
D)intestines

Question 24

A systemic infection is one that:

A)has spread from its initial site
B)may be spread by the blood
C)may be spread by the lymph
D)all of these

Question 25

The presence of bacteria in the blood is called:

A)septicemia
B)bacteremia
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and a chronic infection

Question 26

Flagella enable bacteria to:

A)survive without oxygen
B)form spores
C)divide and reproduce
D)move

Question 27

Which of these is a zoonosis?

A)measles
B)encephalitis
C)mumps
D)whooping cough

Question 28

Bacterial cells that have capsules are:

A)able to resist phagocytosis by the host's WBCs
B)able to move by sliding
C)likely to be stuck in the host's respiratory mucus
D)able to resist boiling

Question 29

Which of these is NOT a zoonosis?

A)chickenpox
B)rabies
C)plague
D)Lyme disease

Question 30

Spherical bacteria that grow in chains are called:

A)staphylococci
B)streptococci
C)diplococci
D)none of these

Question 31

A secondary infection is possible if a person:

A)is fatigued
B)is malnourished
C)has an infection that lowers resistance
D)does not take vitamin pills

Question 32

An endemic disease is one that:

A)has gotten out of control
B)is spreading very rapidly
C)must be contained by quarantine measures
D)is expected in a population

Question 33

When more than the usual number of cases of a disease occurs in a population,the disease is said to be:

A)endemic
B)epidemic
C)pandemic
D)epidemiologic

Question 34

The cell walls of bacteria:

A)prevent rupture of the bacterial cell
B)are often either gram positive or gram negative
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and are the site of ATP production

Question 35

Which statement is NOT true of disease terminology?

A)An acute infection often has a rapid onset.
B)A self-limiting infection lasts a predictable period of time.
C)A chronic infection is often long lasting.
D)An endogenous infection is one that is acquired from food.

Question 36

The part of a bacterial cell that makes it gram positive or gram negative is the:

A)cell wall
B)cell membrane
C)spore
D)capsule

Question 37

The part of a bacterial cell that enables it to resist phagocytosis by WBCs is the:

A)cell wall
B)capsule
C)spore
D)cell membrane

Question 38

Bacteria capable of self-locomotion have:

A)cilia
B)flagella
C)false feet,like amoebas
D)microvilli

Question 39

Rod-shaped bacteria that grow in chains are called:

A)staphylobacilli
B)diplobacilli
C)streptobacilli
D)palisade bacilli

Question 40

Bacteria that might normally be killed by heat may survive if they are able to form:

A)capsules
B)proteins
C)spores
D)toxins

Question 41

Intestinal pathogens are usually spread by the:

A)oral-oral route
B)fecal-oral route
C)oral-fecal route
D)fecal-fecal route

Question 42

An antibiotic that is effective against many kinds of bacteria is called:

A)broad spectrum
B)narrow spectrum
C)multispectrum
D)polyspectrum

Question 43

The way a pathogen gets into a host is called the:

A)access site
B)transfer site
C)portal of entry
D)portal of exit

Question 44

Bacteria usually reproduce by a process called:

A)binary fusion
B)meiosis
C)spore formation
D)binary fission

Question 45

Most bacteria stimulate antibody production because they:

A)are antigenic,recognized as foreign
B)have receptor sites for antibodies
C)inhibit other aspects of the immune system
D)cannot be phagocytized

Question 46

A bacterial spore is a form that is:

A)resistant to heat
B)dormant,that is,inactive
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and resistant to cold

Question 47

A hospital patient whose urinary bladder infection is caused by the person's own colon flora is said to have an infection that is:

A)endogenous and localized
B)exogenous and systemic
C)endogenous and systemic
D)exogenous and localized

Question 48

An antibiotic that is effective against just a few kinds of bacteria is called:

A)broad spectrum
B)narrow spectrum
C)single spectrum
D)wide spectrum

Question 49

Which of these is MOST important for preventing nosocomial infections?

A)proper disposal of a patient's urine and feces
B)healthcare personnel washing their hands thoroughly between patient visits
C)proper disposal of syringes
D)closing the door of the patient' s room

Question 50

Mucous membrane tracts may be colonized by bacteria because they:

A)have openings to the environment
B)have openings that are portals of entry
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and they have no defenses

Question 51

An infection that is acquired in a hospital or other healthcare facility is called:

A)institutional
B)neonasal
C)nosocomial
D)exoendogenous

Question 52

Which statement is NOT true of bacterial cell structure?

A)The cell membrane is either gram positive or gram negative.
B)Bacteria with flagella are able to move.
C)Spores enable bacteria to survive drying.
D)Capsules inhibit phagocytosis by host WBCs.

Question 53

Binary fission is the process by which:

A)viruses reproduce
B)bacteria get into host cells
C)viruses cause disease
D)bacteria reproduce

Question 54

The time between the entry of a pathogen and the beginning of symptoms is called the:

A)dormant stage
B)noncommunicable stage
C)incubation period
D)outcubation period

Question 55

A nosocomial infection is one that is acquired:

A)at home
B)at work
C)by way of the nose
D)in a hospital

Question 56

If part of a bacterial cell is antigenic,that means it stimulates the formation of:

A)antibodies
B)other antigens that are related
C)toxins
D)other bacteria

Question 57

Most bacteria that are able to form spores are found in:

A)freshwater
B)saltwater
C)the soil
D)the bodies of warm-blooded hosts

Question 58

The incubation period of diseases:

A)varies with each disease
B)usually has a normal range for each disease
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and is always measured in weeks

Question 59

Bacterial chemicals that are harmful to host cells are called:

A)antibodies
B)antigens
C)toxins
D)minerals

Question 60

Which of these is LEAST important for preventing nosocomial infections?

A)proper disposal of a patient's urine and feces
B)healthcare personnel washing their hands thoroughly between patient visits
C)proper disposal of syringes
D)closing the door of the patient's room

Question 61

Pasteurization of milk involves:

A)moderate heat
B)boiling
C)freezing
D)low heat

Question 62

A disease that may be spread directly or indirectly from host to host is called:

A)communicable
B)contagious
C)noncommunicable
D)none of these

Question 63

A portal of exit may be:

A)the nose
B)the mouth
C)skin punctured by a mosquito
D)all of these

Question 64

A chemical that is used to destroy bacteria on the skin is called:

A)a cleansing agent
B)an antiseptic
C)a disinfectant
D)a sterilizing agent

Question 65

A potential source of infection for some diseases is:

A)an animal reservoir
B)a human carrier
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and a person with a subclinical infection

Question 66

The way a pathogen leaves a host is called the:

A)portal of exit
B)transfer site
C)portal of embarkation
D)deaccess site

Question 67

Potential sources of infectious disease include:

A)animals
B)food and water
C)objects people have touched
D)all of these

Question 68

A disease such as tetanus,which is acquired by soil contamination of a wound,is called:

A)communicable
B)contagious
C)noncommunicable
D)none of these

Question 69

A bacteriostatic chemical is one that:

A)kills all bacteria
B)kills viruses
C)may not be used on the skin
D)slows the growth of bacteria

Question 70

A disease such as cholera,which is spread by contaminated water,is called:

A)communicable
B)contagious
C)noncommunicable
D)aquatic

Question 71

The pathogens that are made of DNA or RNA and a protein shell are the:

A)viruses
B)bacteria
C)fungi
D)protozoa

Question 72

Which of these is NOT ever part of a virus?

A)DNA
B)RNA
C)a protein shell
D)a cell membrane

Question 73

Respiratory pathogens are most often spread by:

A)saliva on eating utensils
B)droplets from nasal secretions
C)cutaneous contact
D)vectors

Question 74

Drinking water is often ___ to make it safe to drink.

A)pasteurized
B)sterilized
C)autoclaved
D)chlorinated

Question 75

A person who recovers from a disease but continues to shed the pathogen is called:

A)an alternate host
B)a zoonotic host
C)a carrier
D)a transmitter

Question 76

A disease such as salmonella,which is acquired from contaminated food,is called:

A)communicable
B)contagious
C)noncommunicable
D)gustatory

Question 77

Which statement about the spread of disease is true?

A)A contagious disease is always communicable.
B)A noncommunicable disease is contagious.
C)A communicable disease is always contagious.
D)A noncommunicable disease does not affect people.

Question 78

A portal of entry may be:

A)permanent,such as the mouth
B)temporary,such as a break in the skin
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and constant,such as the nose

Question 79

Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites,which means:

A)they must be in the blood to reproduce
B)they reproduce by binary fission
C)they must be inside living cells to reproduce
D)they cannot reproduce inside living cells

Question 80

A disease such as malaria,which is spread by a vector,is called:

A)communicable
B)contagious
C)noncommunicable
D)insectivorous