Deck 7: Memory

Question 1

You are paying close attention to the basketball game on the TV.Suddenly,your roommate talking to someone on the phone about the upcoming psychology exam in the class you both
Will take distracts you.This conversation most likely captured your attention because it

A) required fewer mental processes.
B) was loud.
C) was personally important.
D) did not require shadowing.

Answer 1

was personally important.

Question 2

Kumar is trying to remember the name of his psychology professor from last semester. To answer this question,Kumar must search for information in his

A) sensory storage.
B) short-term storage.
C) working memory.
D) long-term storage.

Answer 2

long-term storage.

Question 3

Regarding the comparison between human memory and computer processing,all of the following statements hold true EXCEPT that

A) the human brain is much more complicated than a computer.
B) the human brain is unique in creating,maintaining,and accessing memories,but computer processing is not.
C) computer information processing involves multiple systems with its own rules,but the human brain does not.
D) human memory sometimes fails,but a computer never does.

Answer 3

computer information processing involves multiple systems with its own rules,but the human brain does not.

Question 4

Memory is an imperfect record of everything we see and experience primarily because our

A) sensory storage does not last long enough.
B) long-term storage is limited.
C) ability to direct attention is limited.
D) brains' networks of neurons change over time.

Question 5

Filter theory helps explain all of the following memory phenomena EXCEPT

A) how we are "blind" to large changes in what happens around us.
B) how we selectively attend to important information.
C) why we tend to process personally irrelevant information.
D) the ability to shadow words heard in one ear.

Question 6

You have been away attending college for three months.When you return home for the winter break,your family dog recognized you immediately.Your dog responded this way
Because his brain

A) encoded the visual information about what you look like.
B) created a mental video recording of what you look like.
C) stored the information about what you look like.
D) assessed the information already stored in his brain about what you look like.

Question 7

For the past two weeks,Manuel has been studying for an upcoming psychology exam.Even though he read the textbook carefully every day while studying,during the exam,he could not
Recall the material regarding how psychologists studied the mental processes of memory.
Manuel most likely experienced a problem in the ________ process of memory.

A) storage
B) encoding
C) retrieval
D) attention

Question 8

After reading your textbook,you are able to maintain the bold key words in coded representations in a network of neurons in your brain.In memory,this process is called

A) retrieval.
B) attention.
C) encoding.
D) storage.

Question 9

In memory,the storage phase of information processing lasts

A) several seconds.
B) several hours.
C) several days.
D) from a second to a lifetime.

Question 10

Based on the three-part model of memory storage,the sequence of memory storage is

A) short-term storage,sensory storage,and long-term storage.
B) sensory storage,short-term storage,and long-term storage.
C) short-term storage,long-term storage,and sensory storage.
D) long-term storage,sensory storage,and short-term storage.

Question 11

According to the three-part model of memory storage,four different processes are required in order to move information from one memory story to the next.The correct order of the
Four different processes is

A) encoding,retrieval,working memory,and attention.
B) attention,encoding,retrieval,and working memory.
C) working memory,attention,encoding,and retrieval.
D) encoding,attention,working memory,and retrieval.

Question 12

The three phases of memory include (i) changing external information into a neural code, (ii) retaining the information,and (iii) accessing it later.In this order,these three memory
Steps are

A) (i) input,(ii) storage,and (iii) retrieval.
B) (i) encoding,(ii) storage,and (iii) retrieval.
C) (i) encoding,(ii) processing,and (iii) output.
D) (i) input,(ii) processing,and (iii) output.

Question 13

When you are reading your textbook,your brain changes the words you are reading into a meaningful neural code that it can use.In memory,this process is called

A) encoding.
B) storage.
C) retrieval.
D) attention.

Question 14

Lisa is driving to school when she sees a yellow traffic light ahead.According to the three-part model of memory storage,Lisa will first maintain information about the yellow light
In her

A) working memory.
B) short-term storage.
C) long-term storage.
D) sensory storage.

Question 15

Regarding research results on attention during class,all of the following statements are accurate EXCEPT

A) paying attention to your computer or smartphone might lead you to miss important information in class.
B) taking notes in class on a laptop rather than by hand leads to better performance on tests covering that material.
C) texting or surfing the Internet during class causes students to do more poorly in college courses.
D) sitting near someone playing around on the Internet during class is related to receiving lower grades.

Question 16

Long-term storage

A) stores information for a limited amount of time.
B) involves primarily acoustic encoding.
C) uses dual coding for better encoding.
D) uses working memory to help maintain information.

Question 17

While you are driving home,the car in front of you starts driving dangerously,so you concentrate on watching it.When you arrive home,you realize that you cannot remember
Anything from your drive home other than that car.Which of the following statements best
Illustrates the reason your memory is created this way?

A) The memory retrieval system is complex and one cannot always recall information stored in the brain.
B) Memory storage is limited and one cannot encode information that exceeds the capability of sensory storage.
C) Information encoding is complex and one cannot process two or more visual features simultaneously.
D) Attention is limited and one must be selective about what one pays attention to.

Question 18

Sensory storage

A) holds the information for up to 20 seconds.
B) is encoded only by the eyes and ears.
C) has a relatively large capacity.
D) involves primarily semantic encoding.

Question 19

Professor Smith refuses to learn his students' names because he believes the names will take up space in his memory that he needs to store research-related information.Professor Smith's
Belief about his memory is INCORRECT because

A) research-related information is stored in semantic memory.
B) the students' names are maintained in short-term storage.
C) long-term storage holds virtually unlimited amounts of information.
D) working memory allows him to continually maintain both sets of information.

Question 20

Short-term storage

A) holds information for up to a second.
B) involves primarily semantic encoding.
C) has virtually unlimited capacity.
D) uses working memory to help maintain information.

Question 21

Reveille just got a new bank account password: 979tamu.She repeats the code over and over, keeping the information maintained in long-term storage by using

A) elaborative rehearsal.
B) maintenance rehearsal.
C) dual coding.
D) chunking.

Question 22

To remember her nine-digit Social Security number,Alyssa uses her working memory to place the numbers into three groups.In addition,each group of three or four digits is easy to
Remember because it is meaningful.Alyssa's strategy in remembering her Social Security
Number illustrates

A) the recency effect.
B) the power of chunking.
C) the primacy effect.
D) maintenance rehearsal.

Question 23

Fatima is a new student on campus.Everywhere she goes,she is asked for her 12-digit student number.To memorize her new student number,she thinks of it as three different
Years.Fatima is using ________ to aid her memory.

A) dual coding
B) maintenance rehearsal
C) the recency effect
D) chunking

Question 24

Joffrey's wife asked him to go to the store and buy milk,bacon,apples,juice,butter,and cereal.Joffrey did not write down the items and ended up only remembering to buy milk and
Bacon at the store.The fact that Joffrey only remembered milk and bacon demonstrates the
________ effect.

A) recency
B) primacy
C) interference
D) decay

Question 25

At a café,a cup of coffee costs $2.82.To use exact change,you must hold the number 2.82 in your head while sorting through your wallet and calculating what coins you have.To be
Successful in actively processing this information,you must keep the information maintained in
Short-term storage by using your ________ memory.

A) working
B) episodic
C) semantic
D) procedural

Question 26

George Miller discovered that short-term memory is limited to ________ plus or minus ________ items,or chunks of information.

A) five;three
B) nine;one
C) ten;three
D) seven;two

Question 27

To work at Burger Shack,Meghan must memorize all of the menu items.To do this,Meghan thinks about which friend would want to order each item.Meghan is likely to retain the menu
Items in long-term storage very well because she used

A) the recency effect.
B) the primacy effect.
C) maintenance rehearsal.
D) elaborative rehearsal.

Question 28

Travis is taking a new medicine that has a side effect of disrupting his short-term storage. Based on this fact,you know that Travis will have difficultly recalling

A) a photograph he saw less than a second ago.
B) a phone number he heard 15 seconds ago.
C) the multiplication tables he learned in third grade.
D) how to ride his bicycle.

Question 29

Which of the following models of memory best illustrates the idea that our memory enhances by encoding the information with a deeper understanding?

A) levels of processing model
B) three-part model of memory storage
C) spreading activation model
D) multiple memory system model

Question 30

Chris is looking for his friend in a crowd of people at a concert.As he scans the crowd, he often blinks but still retains a brief visual image of many of the faces in the crowd for a
Very brief time.Chris is able to maintain this visual information due to the function of his

A) short-term storage.
B) working memory.
C) sensory storage.
D) long-term storage.

Question 31

Morgan is currently taking a course on public speaking.Next year,she will most likely remember only general facts from the course,because semantic information is maintained in

A) sensory storage.
B) short-term storage.
C) long-term storage.
D) working memory.

Question 32

Which of the following is the memory storage that very briefly maintains the physical characteristics of a stimulus?

A) sensory memory
B) episodic memory
C) procedural memory
D) flashbulb memory

Question 33

In an experiment,you are asked to memorize a list of 30 words shown on a screen.At first, this seems like a challenging task.Then you realize that you can hold more words in
Short-term storage if you

A) expand the capacity of your sensory storage.
B) try to focus on one code (visual or auditory) instead of dual codes.
C) group words together in meaningful ways.
D) avoid using attention processes for working memory.

Question 34

Dr.Elmore conducts research in which she asks the participants to look at slides that contain an array of objects,and then she tests their memory of the objects on the slides.The
Participants are given no more than two seconds to look at each slide.Which of the following
Types of memory is Dr.Elmore studying?

A) short-term memory
B) episodic memory
C) sensory memory
D) semantic memory

Question 35

Addie told Callum her top 10 favorite movies.When he tries to recall the list later on,he can only remember the last two movies Addie mentioned.The fact that Callum only remembers
The last two movies is most likely due to

A) the recency effect.
B) the primacy effect.
C) procedural memory.
D) implicit memory.

Question 36

In a memory experiment,Group A is asked to listen to a list of words.Group B is asked to count the number of e's in the words.Group C is asked to use each word in a sentence.
According to the levels of processing model,________ will remember the most words
Because ________.

A) Group A;of maintenance rehearsal
B) Group B;of auditory encoding
C) Group C;of elaborative rehearsal
D) all groups;they all listened to the same amount of words

Question 37

Liora is reading her textbook.As her eyes scan the page,each visual image is retained for less than a second in her

A) working memory.
B) short-term storage.
C) episodic memory.
D) sensory storage.

Question 38

A string of 16 digits (1776149217872014) is difficult to remember.If a person breaks them up into four groups of four digits (1776,1492,1787,and 2014),these numbers are easier to
Remember,due to the effect of

A) elaborative rehearsal.
B) chunking.
C) dual coding.
D) maintenance rehearsal.

Question 39

Short-term storage has a(n)

A) limited capacity.
B) unlimited capacity.
C) duration of up to a day.
D) unlimited duration.

Question 40

Fadeke is studying for her English literature test.For each novel she reads,she tries to think of how the novel relates to her own life.In order to remember the novels,Fadeke is using the
Memory strategy called

A) maintenance rehearsal.
B) elaborative rehearsal.
C) the primacy effect.
D) the recency effect.

Question 41

If the Wicked Witch of the West flew down and struck you with retrograde amnesia,you would be ________ to remember anything from before the incident and ________ to form
New memories.

A) able;able
B) able;unable
C) unable;able
D) unable;unable

Question 42

After a plane crash,Shera wakes up in a hospital and can remember everything about her life prior to the crash.However,every time her doctor visits,she believes she has never met him
Before.Based on this information,the doctor will most likely diagnose Shera with

A) anterograde amnesia.
B) retrograde amnesia.
C) proactive interference.
D) retroactive interference.

Question 43

Jonathan was in a motorcycle accident and sustained an injury to his hippocampus.He now has anterograde amnesia,which means that he has difficulty

A) remembering familiar people's names.
B) recovering semantic memories.
C) remembering events from his childhood.
D) forming new memories.

Question 44

Which of the following individuals is suffering from anterograde amnesia?

A) Eva;after waking up from a coma,Eva cannot recall why she is in the hospital nor her family members' names.
B) Adam;after recovering from a concussion,Adam cannot encode or store any new information with which he is presented.
C) Amy;while attending her psychology class,Amy cannot remember lecture materials well because the material from her previous sociology class keeps showing up in her mind.
D) Michael;while reviewing what he learned in class one day,Michael is unable to recall information he learned from chemistry class in the morning because he keeps thinking about material covered in math class in the afternoon.

Question 45

Your friend starts talking about a new puppy that she just rescued.This discussion activates your knowledge about dogs.Since this knowledge is maintained in long-term storage in a network of associations,when you hear about her new puppy

A) all words associated with pet will be activated equally.
B) all words associated with dog will be activated equally.
C) weaker words associated with dog will be activated first.
D) stronger words associated with dog will be activated first.

Question 46

If someone says the word doctor,it may trigger a memory of your last trip to the doctor, or it may bring to mind other concepts related to doctors,such as an examination room
Or a stethoscope.The ________ model of memory best explains this fact.

A) levels of processing
B) state-dependent
C) context-dependent
D) spreading activation

Question 47

Jorge knows that Monika goes to a lot of parties.When Bella asks Jorge what Monika is like, he tells him that Monika drinks a lot of alcohol.Even though Jorge only knows that Monika
Goes to parties,he tells Bella that Monika drinks a lot because he

A) has a schema about going to parties that includes drinking alcohol.
B) did not encode the original information about Monika properly.
C) has a memory bias against people who like to go to parties.
D) retrieved his memory about Monika in a context that involved drinking alcohol.

Question 48

The type of memory that is associated with the conscious recollection of previous experiences is referred to as ________ memory.

A) implicit
B) explicit
C) sensory
D) procedural

Question 49

Which of the following is a type of explicit memory?

A) episodic memory
B) procedural memory
C) motor skills
D) classical conditioning

Question 50

Ted has brain damage after an accident.Although he can clearly remember everything from before the accident,he forgets what people are saying to him within a few minutes.Ted is
Most likely experiencing

A) retrograde amnesia.
B) retroactive interference.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) proactive interference.

Question 51

After falling off your horse,you seem to have lost all memory of the past three years of your life.Based on this symptom,the doctor will most likely diagnose you with

A) anterograde amnesia.
B) retrograde amnesia.
C) proactive interference.
D) retroactive interference.

Question 52

On his way to buy a snack,Jed sees an ad that simply shows one juicy hamburger.Rather than getting ice cream as he had planned,Jed buys french fries instead.According to the
Spreading activation model,the hamburger most likely made Jed want french fries because

A) eating hamburgers and french fries are part of the same procedural memory.
B) he misattributed his memory of the ad to being about french fries.
C) the hamburger activated the node for french fries.
D) the french fries were encoded with the hamburger in the ad.

Question 53

A person who has experienced the loss of past memories may be experiencing

A) proactive interference.
B) retroactive interference.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) retrograde amnesia.

Question 54

Harry is reading the textbook for his astronomy class and is trying to relate the material to his own life experiences.According to the levels of processing model,Harry is more likely to
Remember the information over the long term because he is using

A) reconsolidation.
B) maintenance rehearsal.
C) spreading activation.
D) elaborative rehearsal.

Question 55

George has to recall the names of the first 20 presidents of the United States for his history test.According to the levels of processing model of memory,to remember the most names,
George should

A) study in the same room where the test will be given.
B) write the names down over and over again.
C) relate the names to information he already knows.
D) repeat the names to himself many times.

Question 56

Nora and Miles are studying for an exam.Nora makes flash cards to memorize new terms and repeatedly reads them to herself.Miles links new terms to the ones he already knows
Based on their meanings.Nora is using ________ and Miles is using ________ to learn the
Terms.

A) maintenance rehearsal;elaborative rehearsal
B) elaborative rehearsal;maintenance rehearsal
C) procedural memory;semantic memory
D) semantic memory;procedural memory

Question 57

Which of the following individuals is suffering from retrograde amnesia?

A) Eva;after waking up from a coma,Eva cannot recall why she is in the hospital or her family members' names.
B) Adam;after recovering from a concussion,Adam cannot encode or store any new information with which he is presented.
C) Amy;while attending her psychology class,Amy cannot remember lecture materials well because the material from her previous sociology class keeps showing up in her mind.
D) Michael;while reviewing what he learned in class one day,Michael is unable to recall information he learned from chemistry class in the morning because he keeps thinking about material covered in math class in the afternoon.

Question 58

Scientists have created a drug that leaves your existing memory intact but eliminates your ability to form any new memories.This drug seems to create

A) anterograde amnesia.
B) proactive interference.
C) retrograde amnesia.
D) retroactive interference.

Question 59

According to the idea that information is held in long-term storage in networks of associations, each unit of information in the network is a(n)

A) node.
B) schema.
C) association.
D) feature.

Question 60

Yolanda has a brain tumor.As the tumor gets bigger,Yolanda can no longer form new memories in long-term storage.Yolanda most likely has ________ amnesia.

A) anterograde
B) retrograde
C) proactive
D) retroactive

Question 61

Aman has anterograde amnesia.However,he can still remember how to ride a bicycle and how to tie his shoes,because his ________ memory is still intact.

A) implicit procedural
B) explicit procedural
C) implicit episodic
D) explicit episodic

Question 62

If someone asks you to describe what a school is,you would most likely retrieve a(n) ________ memory.

A) procedural
B) implicit
C) episodic
D) semantic

Question 63

Which of the following actions is an example of prospective memory?

A) learning historical dates for your exam tomorrow
B) daydreaming about your date next Friday
C) planning to pick up a library book on your way home tomorrow
D) remembering what you did last weekend

Question 64

Which of the following is a type of implicit memory?

A) episodic memory
B) procedural memory
C) facts
D) semantic memory

Question 65

People find it very easy to put on a button-down shirt but much harder to write down the steps involved in putting on a button-down shirt.This difference suggests that ________ memory is
Typically an ________ memory.

A) procedural;explicit
B) procedural;implicit
C) episodic;explicit
D) episodic;implicit

Question 66

Joseph has amnesia and cannot remember anything about his past,but he still remembers how to play piano and tie his shoes.Joseph most likely has ________ amnesia,while his
________ memory remains intact.

A) anterograde;explicit
B) anterograde;implicit
C) retrograde;explicit
D) retrograde;implicit

Question 67

Sue and Mary are talking about knitting.Sue is trying to remember the first time she ever knitted.Mary is trying to remember what the word knitting means.Sue is trying to recall a(n)
________ memory and Mary is trying to recall a(n) ________ memory.

A) episodic;procedural
B) episodic;semantic
C) procedural;episodic
D) procedural;semantic

Question 68

Patient H.M.had part of his medial temporal lobes,including the hippocampus,removed to eliminate seizures.After his surgery,H.M.could no longer

A) remember his life before the surgery.
B) retrieve old implicit memories.
C) form new explicit memories.
D) form new implicit memories.

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT an example of explicit memory?

A) Jessica remembers who the most recently elected president of the United States is.
B) Taylor recalls how much fun he had when he went to the Halloween party last night.
C) Tina remembers how to knit even though the last time she knitted was ten years ago.
D) Sam recalls the rules of logics that he learned as a freshman in high school.

Question 70

Igor has not been skiing in 10 years.However,when he gets on his skis,his body remembers exactly how to ski.The kind of memory that makes it possible for him to
Remember how to ski is

A) explicit.
B) episodic.
C) procedural.
D) semantic.

Question 71

Tami's father used to roller skate as a child but has not skated for many years.When he goes skating with Tami he will most likely remember how to skate due to his ________ memory.

A) episodic
B) procedural
C) semantic
D) explicit

Question 72

Remembering how to ice skate is most likely an example of ________ memory.

A) explicit
B) procedural
C) semantic
D) episodic

Question 73

Hogan remembers the general information about a movie he saw a long time ago.He cannot remember the actors or the details from the movie but knows that it was a romantic
Comedy.Hogan's memory of this movie is a(n) ________ memory.

A) semantic
B) implicit
C) procedural
D) classically conditioned

Question 74

Jim and Phil are changing the oil in Jim's car.Jim is trying to remember all the actions involved in changing the oil.Phil is trying to remember the first time he ever changed the oil in
His car.Jim is trying to recall a ________ memory and Phil is trying to recall a(n) ________
Memory.

A) semantic;procedural
B) semantic;episodic
C) procedural;semantic
D) procedural;episodic

Question 75

If you can remember exactly what you did yesterday but have trouble remembering the names of all 50 states,then you have excellent ________ memory but may have poor
________ memory.

A) episodic;semantic
B) semantic;episodic
C) implicit;explicit
D) explicit;implicit

Question 76

If someone asks you to describe your first day of school,you would most likely retrieve a(n) ________ memory.

A) procedural
B) implicit
C) episodic
D) classically conditioned

Question 77

Prospective memory limits the cognitive resources available for other tasks because it

A) reduces the number of items we can maintain in short-term storage.
B) interferes with information processing from sensory storage.
C) disrupts the encoding process in short-term storage.
D) interrupts information processing in sensory storage.

Question 78

Becca is trying to teach her three-year-old son Cole how to ride a bicycle.Although she knows how to ride a bike,Becca is having a hard time verbalizing the steps to her son.Becca
Is struggling with trying to explain her ________ memory of riding a bike.

A) episodic
B) semantic
C) explicit
D) procedural

Question 79

If Carl's episodic long-term memory was impaired,he would be unable to

A) maintain information in short-term memory via rehearsal.
B) recall simple facts,such as his parents' names.
C) speak,but he could still comprehend language through listening.
D) remember details of his own personal life.

Question 80

Which of the following is an example of implicit memory?

A) Celica remembers that her friends threw her a surprise party when she turned 18 years old.
B) Nathan recalls that his dentist used a drill on his teeth that hurt a lot and consequently becomes anxious for his following dentist visits.
C) Elizabeth remembers that there are three phases for memory storage.
D) Thomas recalls that classical conditioning involves the association between two different stimuli.