Deck 11: Health and Well-Being

Question 1

Thoughts and behaviors affect the environment.The environment affects human biology. In turn,biology affects behavior.This description fits the ________ model of health psychology.

A) medical
B) social
C) behaviorist
D) biopsychosocial

Answer 1

biopsychosocial

Question 2

Health psychologists investigate

A) the absence of disease.
B) personal reports of health.
C) theories instead of experimental research.
D) promoting health and well-being.

Answer 2

promoting health and well-being.

Question 3

After finishing six pieces of toast with butter,Sally prepares a batch of brownies while eating large bowls of ice cream,yogurt,and cottage cheese.She then eats half a bag of cookies,an
Entire pizza,and three baked potatoes,even though she does not feel hungry.After eating,she
Feels guilty,ashamed,and sad but does not vomit or make any other efforts to eliminate the
Calories she consumed.Sally appears to meet criteria for

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) binge-eating disorder.
D) restrictive dieting.

Answer 3

binge-eating disorder.

Question 4

Research in different cultural contexts reveals that obesity is

A) stigmatized in some of them and respected in others.
B) universally rejected and devalued.
C) associated with lower economic status,particularly in developing countries.
D) positively associated with social status in most cultures.

Question 5

For which of the following groups would an eating disorder,such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa,be most typical?

A) teenage African American girls
B) Race and class may not be important risk factors for these conditions.
C) teenage Asian women
D) college-age white women

Question 6

A BMI should be calculated before one can accurately conclude that a person is

A) depressed.
B) obese.
C) a smoker.
D) malnourished.

Question 7

Claude Bouchard found that identical twins have similar weights regardless of whether they are raised together or apart.This study provides evidence for the idea that

A) environment plays an important role in weight gain.
B) being an identical twin is stressful and therefore likely to cause weight gain.
C) weight gain is inevitable for most people if they overeat.
D) genes play an important role in weight gain.

Question 8

Your sister has been quite thin ever since the eighth grade,but she expresses a great fear of becoming fat and is always looking for ways to lose more weight.Based on this,she is most
Likely experiencing

A) a high body mass index.
B) the absence of a set point for weight control.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) bulimia nervosa.

Question 9

Dr.Haverford suggests to her client that her mood problems stem from problems with the neurotransmitter serotonin.Dr.Haverford mentions nothing about social or behavioral factors
That may be related to mood.To understand her client's problems,Dr.Haverford seems to
Be using the ________ model.

A) interdisciplinary
B) behaviorist
C) biopsychosocial
D) medical

Question 10

Dieting as a method of controlling weight has proved ineffective in part because

A) weight gain occurs more rapidly after each episode of dieting is terminated.
B) the diet causes metabolism to increase such that the body becomes highly efficient in using the calories that are available.
C) the body lacks a set point for regulating weight.
D) most people have a set point that is set too high.

Question 11

Which of the following is a major risk factor for heart disease?

A) genetic predisposition
B) quitting smoking
C) engaging in unsafe sex
D) anorexia nervosa

Question 12

Compared with the medical model of health,the biopsychosocial model approach to health and well-being

A) includes more variables.
B) ignores human biology.
C) is rarely used in practice.
D) does not focus on illness.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true about dieting behavior?

A) Dieting is largely successful in dealing with weight problems if it can be maintained for long periods of time.
B) Dieting is typically counterproductive for long-term weight loss.
C) Dieting often works for males but is less effective for females.
D) Dieting is on the decline in developed countries.

Question 14

Dr.Arzun is using the biopsychosocial model as a frame of reference for understanding heart disease.Based on this,she will most likely recommend that a client with heart
Disease use ________ to treat the illness.

A) medication
B) exercise
C) medication and surgery
D) medication and exercise

Question 15

Health psychologists investigate how genetics,behaviors,and social support influence health. This approach of focusing on multiple areas to understand health and well-being is central to
The ________ model.

A) medical
B) biopsychosocial
C) healthy habits
D) interactive

Question 16

Dora is a moderately obese woman with a full figure.However,Dora is not confronted with social stigma about being overweight.On the contrary,she is often complimented on
How attractive she is.Dora

A) is probably a hardy person.
B) will experience a lack of congruent self-concept.
C) will nevertheless experience some negative psychological symptoms that are caused by her weight.
D) probably lives in a developing country.

Question 17

The body mass index (BMI) of an adopted child will be ________ related to the BMI of the adoptive parents and ________ related to the BMI of the biological parents.

A) strongly;strongly
B) strongly;not at all
C) not at all;strongly
D) not at all;not at all

Question 18

Sarah is trying to be the healthiest person she can possibly be and feel satisfied with life. Sarah is focusing on her

A) health psychology.
B) well-being.
C) health empowerment.
D) self-control.

Question 19

In a study described in your textbook,100 healthy men volunteered to experience semistarvation.After six months of participating in the study,the men

A) gained 100 or more pounds when they went back to normal eating.
B) permanently stayed thin and found it hard to gain back the weight they lost.
C) became obsessed with food,much like people with eating disorders.
D) reported more positive emotions because of the positive social feedback they received.

Question 20

Aline is sitting in a physician's office and has just been told that a nurse will be coming in to measure her BMI.Aline is not familiar with the term BMI and starts to panic.How should her
Mother reassure her about BMI tests?

A) "Do not worry;all they need is a urine test."
B) "BMI needles are very small and do not hurt at all."
C) "Do not be afraid;they just need to listen to your lungs."
D) "Relax;they are just going to measure your height and weight."

Question 21

Evidence that humans have a set point for weight is reflected in the fact that

A) when prisoners were fed large amounts of food,they gained less weight than they should have and returned to their normal weights when they resumed a regular diet.
B) when people diet frequently,they wind up gaining more weight than those who do not.
C) studies of semistarvation have shown that long-term reduction in food intake causes people to lose interest in food and eating.
D) as less food is consumed,the body's ability to use the energy contained in the food is reduced.

Question 22

Rhiannon and Seth are having a discussion about exercise.Seth contends that exercise is only good for improving a person's physical health.Rhiannon replies that exercise actually
Is good for physical,as well as emotional and cognitive,health.Who is correct?

A) Seth,since exercise only involves moving the muscles
B) Rhiannon,since exercise has been shown to improve all aspects of health
C) Rhiannon,but only if you don't include cognitive health.
D) Seth,is most correct,but he should also include cognitive health,but not emotional.

Question 23

One difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa involves

A) the degree of psychological disturbance present.
B) whether periods of dieting occur.
C) the amount of food that is typically consumed.
D) the race and class of the people who engage in each.

Question 24

Which of the following is a true statement about how some STIs can be transmitted from person to person?

A) Kissing someone with the disease can transmit HIV.
B) Touching the open sore of an infected person can transmit gonorrhea.
C) Herpes can only be transmitted when a person does not have a visible blister.
D) Sharing hypodermic needles that were used by an infected person can transmit HIV.

Question 25

Ayanna is a divorced middle-aged woman who has a stressful job,two teenaged children, and an aging mother to care for.She would like to start exercising to reduce her stress level
And improve her memory and thinking.Now that you have read this chapter,what would you
Tell Ayanna regarding exercise?

A) It is not too late to start exercising,and a program of regular exercise can reduce stress and improve mood,memory,and thinking.
B) Although it may not be too late to start exercising,Ayanna should not expect much improvement in her stress level or her memory,because exercise alone isn't enough.
C) It is probably too late to get much benefit from exercise,since Ayanna is already middle-aged.
D) Ayanna should seek some easier way to deal with her stress and just accept that as she ages her memory will continue to deteriorate.

Question 26

A study of older adults found that six months of aerobic training (e.g.,fast dancing) resulted in which of the following?

A) earlier death from heart attack
B) no measurable improvement in any aspect
C) an increase in brain volume and function
D) an increase in depression

Question 27

Research suggests that about half of the sexually transmitted infections in the United States each year occur in people between the ages of

A) 15 and 24.
B) 28 and 32.
C) 35 and 40.
D) 42 and 50.

Question 28

Which type of exercise is especially good at increasing heart rate and breathing,and which lowers blood pressure and strengthens the heart and lungs?

A) weight-bearing
B) aerobic
C) anaerobic
D) yoga

Question 29

Exercise increases the productivity and growth of

A) reproductive hormones.
B) gland tissue.
C) hair follicles.
D) neurons.

Question 30

Julia has contracted a sexually transmitted infection (STI).Julia may have contracted the STI from any of the following activities EXCEPT

A) having sexual intercourse without a condom.
B) having a PAP test.
C) sharing infected needles.
D) kissing someone who once had a cold sore.

Question 31

Exercise has been shown to improve mood and benefit emotions.Which of the following is responsible for the improvements in mood and emotion?

A) Exercise helps to build self-confidence and aids in coping with stress.
B) Exercise makes you feel good for doing it because you know it is good for you.
C) Exercise stimulates neurotransmitters that are responsible for feelings of reward and motivation.
D) All of the answer options are responsible for improvements in mood and emotion.

Question 32

Sexually transmitted infections can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT

A) bacteria.
B) parasites.
C) fungi.
D) viruses.

Question 33

Which of the following is a way that chlamydia,gonorrhea,HPV,and HIV,among others, can be transmitted without sexual contact?

A) These infections can be transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
B) contact with the same toilet seat an infected person has recently used
C) mother-to-child infections that occur either before or during birth
D) Handling the clothing of an infected person soon after he or she has worn the item can result in infection.

Question 34

Research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests that one in four people between the ages of 15 and 24 have an STI.If you are a part of this age group,why
Is this statistic especially relevant to you and others your age?

A) Since STIs are generally visible,you can recognize who has them and choose your sex partner more carefully.
B) Since STIs are always spread through vaginal intercourse,you can avoid getting one by not engaging in vaginal intercourse.
C) With so many people carrying infections,the likelihood of your sex partner having an STI is greatly increased.
D) With so many people carrying infections,there is no way to avoid eventually getting an STI yourself.

Question 35

Kristine is experiencing some depression and memory problems.To reduce both of these, Kristine's doctor is most likely to recommend

A) meditation.
B) getting exercise.
C) using her social support network.
D) increasing her self-esteem.

Question 36

Which of the following is an example of safer sex?

A) trusting that your new partner is telling you the truth about his or her sexual past and not questioning his or her loyalty to you
B) limiting sexual activities until you enter into a mutually faithful,long-term,monogamous relationship
C) Safe sex is not really necessary anymore because antibiotics and antiretroviral medications are so much more effective at curing STIs.
D) getting a vaccination for HPV,which also protects against most other STIs

Question 37

Milo is training for an international chess competition and thinks that if he "increases his brain volume" he will do better in the competition.Which of the following actions should
Milo take to increase his brain volume?

A) reduce the number of hours he watches television
B) go on a vegetarian diet
C) pray
D) exercise

Question 38

Jeremy started exercising in his fifties,but because of his busy schedule,he could only manage to fit in around 10 minutes of exercise a day.Because of the very limited time he
Was able to exercise,Jeremy should expect

A) no improvement in mood or brain function.
B) a small improvement in circulation,but no other benefits.
C) to experience large improvements in memory and cognition.
D) to feel more vigorous and have a better mood.

Question 39

Why do researchers suggest that one way to avoid getting an STI is to avoid drug and alcohol use?

A) The use of drugs or alcohol makes correct use of condoms and dental dams less likely,resulting in an increased risk of transmission.
B) Drugs and alcohol can directly result in transmission of STIs by strengthening the virus,bacteria,or parasites that cause the disease.
C) People who regularly use drugs and alcohol are less likely to purchase condoms or dental dams ahead of time or to have them available.
D) The use of drugs and alcohol has been directly linked to having more sexual partners and thus an increased risk of contracting an STI.

Question 40

Turman wants to practice safer sex.Which of the following behaviors will reduce his chances of contracting a sexually transmitted infection?

A) avoid monogamy
B) always use condoms and/or dental dams
C) get tested for sexually transmitted infections
D) only engage in oral sex

Question 41

You experience a minor disruption that threatens a part of your life.Most likely,you will experience body changes,thoughts,and actions associated with the psychological process of

A) memory loss.
B) repression.
C) denial.
D) stress.

Question 42

Evidence suggests that some individuals are more prone to becoming regular smokers than others.One factor involves

A) a greater tendency to have acetylcholine pathways in the brain.
B) a cascade of HPA activation.
C) parents and peers who smoke.
D) the absence of antidrug programs in school.

Question 43

Events that are particularly stressful for humans are those that are

A) boring and predictable.
B) catastrophic and uncontrollable.
C) repetitive.
D) a result of our own actions.

Question 44

The most positive aspect of e-cigarettes is that they

A) are nonaddictive.
B) only produce secondhand smoke.
C) do not contain tobacco.
D) definitely help people quit smoking.

Question 45

What is one danger of not treating such STIs as chlamydia or gonorrhea?

A) There is no danger in letting chlamydia or gonorrhea go untreated.
B) loss of sexual function for men
C) the development of cancer
D) increased risk of infertility as a result of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Question 46

Which of the following conditions is an effect of chronic smoking?

A) liver failure
B) immune disorders
C) heart disease
D) brain tumors

Question 47

Anna felt that she could not succeed at her final exam,and thinking about the final exam made her feel physically ill.For Anna,the final exam is most likely a(n)

A) major life stressor.
B) daily hassle.
C) immune response.
D) stressor.

Question 48

Psychologists have emphasized that people experience the fight-or-flight response more than the tend-and-befriend response because

A) the former has greater adaptive value.
B) the research has largely been done with males.
C) research supports the former but not the latter.
D) avoidance responses are more important to survival than are approach responses.

Question 49

According to the textbook,being encouraged by peers and enhancing one's self-image are reasons why people

A) eat too much.
B) engage in emotional coping.
C) start smoking.
D) develop a Type A personality.

Question 50

If people did not possess dopamine neurons,addiction to nicotine would be

A) less likely.
B) more likely.
C) unaffected.
D) strong at first and weak later.

Question 51

June has a lot of conflict with her mother at home.They also live in a poorer neighborhood that is very dirty and noisy.Although by itself each of these is a small issue,over time they
Add up to have a strong negative impact.In fact,June is starting to show signs of illness,
Including high blood pressure.Based on this,it is clear that June's ________ are
Becoming ________.

A) major life stressors;daily hassles
B) daily hassles;major life stressors
C) major life stressors;personality traits
D) personality traits;daily hassles

Question 52

Jamie needs to quit smoking.According to your textbook,which strategy seems to have been most effective for around 90 percent of people?

A) smoking e-cigarettes instead of traditional cigarettes
B) going "cold turkey"
C) avoiding places where other people smoke
D) substituting smoking for behaviors that are healthier

Question 53

If cigarettes did not contain nicotine,the brain's dopamine neurons would be

A) overstimulated by smoking.
B) less affected by smoking.
C) inhibited by smoking.
D) easily activated at first but inactive after the first cigarette.

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT an example of a daily hassle?

A) a long line at the grocery store
B) the birth of a new baby
C) a traffic jam
D) forgetting to take out the trash

Question 55

Some STIs often go undetected because they have no symptoms.What is one danger of not treating such STIs as human papillomavirus (HPV)?

A) There is no danger in letting HPV go untreated.
B) loss of sexual function for men
C) the development of cancer of the cervix or vulva
D) increased risk of infertility as a result of PID

Question 56

Recently,Arianna and Raymond had their first child.They are experiencing difficulty dealing with the lack of sleep and demands of the new baby.The kind of stress Arianna and Raymond
Are experiencing is called

A) general adaptation syndrome.
B) a daily hassle.
C) mediating factors.
D) a major life stressor.

Question 57

LaShawna has no siblings,and her parents do not smoke.Jayda has an older brother and mother who smoke.Who would be more likely to start smoking,and why?

A) LaShawna,because her dopamine neurons are more sensitive to nicotine
B) LaShawna,because smoking would be a novel and exciting experience
C) Jayda,because her family members act as role models for smoking
D) Both girls are equally likely to start smoking.

Question 58

Assume that a negative event has occurred in your life.Which of the following conditions would make this event the most stressful?

A) It occurred just after a positive event.
B) It was just like an event you had experienced a year earlier.
C) It was unexpected.
D) You are female,not male.

Question 59

When people are going into military combat,adjusting to a new marriage,or starting a new job they are most likely experiencing

A) the fight-or-flight response.
B) the tend-and-befriend response.
C) It was unexpected.
D) major life stressors.

Question 60

A stressor is any event or stimulus that

A) threatens an organism and elicits a coping response.
B) cannot be coped with.
C) cannot be coped with in the short term.
D) by definition has negative consequences for the organism.

Question 61

The Type B behavior pattern describes a person who is

A) competitive and time-pressed.
B) easygoing and accommodating.
C) cynical and pessimistic.
D) at high risk for cardiovascular disease.

Question 62

When men and women are placed under similar levels of stress

A) both appear equally motivated to seek out social support.
B) women are more likely than men to seek out social support.
C) men are more likely to seek social support than are women.
D) women are more likely to seek out social support but men are more likely to actually receive it.

Question 63

A general conclusion stemming from the research on health and stress is that

A) short-term stress is more dangerous to one's health than chronic stress.
B) until recently,psychologists have overemphasized the effects of stress on health.
C) the source of stress is more important to health outcomes than the level of stress.
D) chronic stress has adverse effects on health.

Question 64

General adaptation syndrome (GAS) proposes three levels of stress resistance.Which of the following lists the correct order of stages?

A) alarm-exhaustion-resistance
B) exhaustion-alarm-resistance
C) resistance-exhaustion-alarm
D) alarm-resistance-exhaustion

Question 65

A fight-or-flight response is helpful to humans because it

A) helps a person physically prepare to deal with danger.
B) causes a person to seek out social support.
C) helps a person determine whether stimuli are threatening or irrelevant.
D) supports a person in dealing with chronic stress.

Question 66

During final exams,Danielle's body always seems to enable her to succeed at her fullest. She seems to have a lot of energy,gets by on little sleep,and never gets sick.However,
She always seems to get a cold a week or so after her finals have ended.According to GAS,
At what stage does Danielle operate while she is taking final exams?

A) alarm
B) resistance
C) exhaustion
D) major stressor

Question 67

Seeing someone who is red in the face and "ready to explode" with anger might indicate that the person

A) has a Type A personality.
B) has a Type B personality.
C) has hardiness.
D) is using emotion-focused coping.

Question 68

Harold has been unemployed for many years and is constantly struggling to pay his bills. The stress Harold is experiencing is an example of

A) a major life stressor.
B) a daily hassle.
C) chronic stress.
D) acute stress.

Question 69

Over the past few years,Farhan has had to deal with a lot of stress.His parents both have chronic diseases,he and his wife argue constantly,and his new job demands a lot of his time.
According to research on the long-term effects of stress,Farhan will most likely

A) get divorced in the next year.
B) develop a Type A personality.
C) develop a serious mental illness,such as schizophrenia.
D) show a decreased immune response to infectious diseases.

Question 70

According to GAS,what occurs at the first,or most immediate,level of stress response?

A) The body uses all defenses to fight the stress.
B) The body becomes exhausted.
C) The body prepares itself to respond physically.
D) The body shuts down most organs.

Question 71

In Orlando,Florida,people constantly receive warnings about sinkholes and repeatedly experience flooding and hail damage during storms.In Ocala,Florida,people do not need to
Deal with sinkholes,and storms seldom cause property damage.Which group of people will
Have better immune functioning,and why?

A) People in Ocala will have better immune functioning because they use better coping.
B) People in Ocala will have better immune functioning because they do not experience chronic stressors.
C) People in Orlando will have better immune functioning because they are working to overcome a daily life hassle.
D) People in both towns will experience similar immune functioning because immune functioning is largely due to genetics,not environmental events.

Question 72

Smoking,overeating,high blood pressure,and ________ strongly predict heart disease.

A) Type A behavior
B) Type B behavior
C) emotion-focused coping
D) problem-focused coping

Question 73

The fight-or-flight response helps people cope with

A) danger.
B) overeating.
C) exhaustion.
D) overstimulation.

Question 74

Which of the following would describe the tend-and-befriend response of a person experiencing great stress from his job?

A) Luigi is worn out and is not sure if he can continue at his job.
B) Bruce constantly complains to his family about his mean boss.
C) Joseph strikes his boss in the face after she threatened to fire him.
D) Manny tries to form strong relationships with the new workers.

Question 75

Melinda just got a new job as a receptionist,and she does not expect it to be very stressful. However,she is nervous about learning how to perform well in the job when she first starts
Working.The stress Melinda is facing is ________ term and may result in ________
Immune function.

A) long;worse
B) long;better
C) short;worse
D) short;better

Question 76

Recent research on predictors of heart disease suggests that people who are ________ are particularly vulnerable to cardiac problems.

A) angry or depressed
B) time-pressed and shy
C) low in self-esteem
D) low in cortisol production

Question 77

Under stress,females are likely to show the ________,whereas males are more likely to show the ________.

A) tend-and-befriend response;alarm stage
B) general adaptation syndrome;alarm stage
C) tend-and-befriend response;fight-or-flight response
D) general adaptation syndrome;fight-or-flight response

Question 78

Your roommate is achievement oriented,impatient,aggressive,and time-pressed.Your roommate's behavior fits the ________ pattern.

A) Type A behavior
B) Type B behavior
C) hardiness
D) emotion-focused coping

Question 79

The more negative emotions someone experiences,the greater the chance of developing

A) antibodies.
B) cavities.
C) heart disease.
D) glandular cancer.

Question 80

In a well-known study of California men,being aggressive and impatient was found to be related to ________,which shows that ________.

A) heart disease;genes control the development of disease
B) immune functioning;stress is a function of lifestyle
C) heart disease;psychological factors are important in disease development
D) hormonal dysfunction;gender will have an effect on disease development