Deck 6 (MR): The Skeletal System

Question 1

Which of the following statements are true of the embryonic and infant skull (Select all that apply)?

A)The cranial bones are first made of cartilage.
B)The first site of bone matrix production is called a center of ossification.
C)The cranial bones form sutures just before birth.
D)Bone matrix is produced by osteoclasts.
E)Fontanels are made of fibrous connective tissue,and they permit the compression of the skull during birth.
F)All the fontanels become completely ossified within 2 months after birth.

Answer 1

B,E

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true of the embryonic growth of long bones (Select all that apply)?

A)Long bones are first made of cartilage.
B)The first center of ossification in a long bone is in the distal epiphysis.
C)Bone matrix formation proceeds from the distal end of the bone to the proximal end,and is completed at birth.
D)An epiphyseal disc is on the articular surface of a long bone.
E)On the diaphysis side of an epiphyseal disc,cartilage replaces bone. f.When a bone stops growing,all of the cartilage in an epiphyseal disc has been replaced by bone.

Answer 2

A,F

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true of the paranasal sinuses (Select all that apply)?

A)They are lined with simple squamous epithelium that is smooth to prevent friction.
B)They are air cavities in the frontal and parietal bones.
C)If they fill with mucus,they may become painful.
D)An upper respiratory pathogen may infect these sinuses.
E)They make the skull lighter in weight.
F)They provide more air to vibrate when we speak.

Answer 3

C,D,E,F

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true of types of joints (Select all that apply)?

A)Movement of the fingers for gripping is permitted by gliding joints.
B)Shaking the head from side to side is permitted by a condyloid joint between the atlas and the axis.
C)Sutures are found only in the skull.
D)The symphysis between the mandible and temporal bones permits raising the jaw.
E)The only saddle joints in the body are in the thumb and big toe.f.The two pubic bones have a pivot joint to facilitate pregnancy and birth in women.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of synovial joints (Select all that apply)?

A)Synovial fluid prevents friction.
B)The joint capsule is made of elastic connective tissue.
C)Ligaments are bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bone to bone.
D)Sutures are not synovial joints.
E)The synovial membrane lines the joint capsule. f.Bursae cushion the articular cartilages in a joint.

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true of the vertebral column (Select all that apply)?

A)There are 12 thoracic vertebrae and 8 cervical vertebrae.
B)Discs of fibrous cartilage form the joints between vertebrae.
C)The sacral and lumbar vertebrae each consist of 5 fused vertebrae.
D)Within the vertebral canal is the spinal cord.
E)The spinous and transverse processes provide for muscle attachment.
F)The backbone as a whole is flexible because it has so many gliding joints.

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true of the effects of hormones on bones (Select all that apply)?

A)Calcitonin decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bone matrix.
B)Insulin increases the use of fats for energy production in growing bones.
C)The rate of mitosis in growing bones is increased by growth hormone.
D)If thyroxine is present,all food types may be used for energy production.
E)Parathyroid hormone lowers the blood calcium level to preserve calcium for bone growth.
F)Protein synthesis in growing bones is increased by growth hormone and thyroxine.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true of the factors that contribute to the height of a person (Select all that apply)?

A)Genes for height may be for enzymes involved in bone matrix formation.
B)A child cannot be taller than her or his parents.
C)Calcium and phosphorus are important in the diet because they become part of bone matrix.
D)The absorption of calcium from food in the small intestine is facilitated by vitamin A.
E)Vitamins C and D are important in the diet to become part of bone matrix.
F)Either estrogen or testosterone will promote the closure of the epiphyseal discs of long bones.

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true of the bones of the skull (Select all that apply)?

A)The frontal bone forms the forehead.
B)The ethmoid bone encloses the pituitary gland.
C)The parietal bones create the opening for the spinal cord.
D)The sphenoid bone anchors the anterior meninges.
E)The occipital bones form the joints with the lower law.
F)The temporal bones contain the structures of the pathway for hearing.

Question 10

Which of the following statements are true of bone tissue (Select all that apply)?

A)Osteons are found only in spongy bone.
B)An osteon consists of one osteocyte surrounded by capillaries.
C)Spongy bone is found on the surfaces of flat and irregular bones.
D)Compact bone forms the diaphyses of short bones.
E)The blood vessels in compact bone come from the periosteum.
F)Osteoblasts are the cells that reabsorb excess bone during remodeling.

Question 11

Which of the following statements are true of the rib cage (Select all that apply)?

A)The manubrium articulates with all of the true ribs.
B)During inhalation the ribs are pulled up and in.
C)All of the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae.
D)The most inferior part of the sternum is the xiphoid process.
E)The floating ribs help protect the heart.
F)The true ribs and false ribs have costal cartilages.

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true of red bone marrow (RBM)and blood cells (Select all that apply)?

A)RBM is found in the diaphyses of long bones.
B)RBM is the body's primary hemopoietic tissue.
C)All of the body's red blood cells are produced in the RBM.
D)RBM is found in the compact bone of flat bones.
E)Platelets are produced in the RBM and are important for blood clotting.
F)White blood cells are not produced in the RBM,but rather by the liver.

Question 13

Which of the following statements are true of the joints of the limbs (Select all that apply)?

A)The shoulder and hip joints are the same type of synarthrosis.
B)The shoulder is more movable than the hip because it has a deeper socket.
C)At the shoulder,the humerus articulates with the clavicle.
D)Palm up to palm down movement is permitted by the pivot joint between the ulna and the humerus.
E)The hinge joint of the knee is between the femur and fibula.
F)Both the shoulder and hip joints are surrounded by muscles that help provide stability and prevent dislocation.