Deck 7 (MR): The Muscular System

Question 1

Which of the following statements are true of oxygen and muscle contraction (Select all that apply)?

A)Myoglobin transports oxygen to muscle cells.
B)Hemoglobin transports oxygen in blood plasma.
C)When oxygen is present in contracting muscle cells,CO2 and H2O are formed.
D)When oxygen is not present in contracting muscle cells,lactic acid is formed.
E)Oxygen debt is the body's need for oxygen to convert lactic acid to proteins.
F)Both myoglobin and hemoglobin can bond to oxygen because they contain the mineral iron.

Answer 1

C,D,F

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true of movement (Select all that apply)?

A)The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body.
B)The skeletal system moves the muscles.
C)The circulatory system removes CO2 from the muscles.
D)The nervous system provides impulses to stimulate muscle contraction.
E)Voluntary movement is completely dependent on nerve impulses.
F)If breathing stops,lack of oxygen makes movement impossible after 20 to 30 seconds.

Answer 2

A,C,D,E

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true of tendons (Select all that apply)?

A)They are made of fibrous connective tissue.
B)They attach muscle to bone.
C)Many are rope-like but some are flat.
D)Their fibers merge with the fibers of the fascia and the pericardium.
E)The attaching tendon at a muscle's origin helps provide stability.
F)The attaching tendon at a muscle's insertion is on the bone to be moved.

Answer 3

A,B,C,E,F

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true of cell respiration (Select all that apply)?

A)The molecules that enter the reaction are glucose and water.
B)The purpose is to produce energy for cellular work.
C)An energy by-product is heat.
D)The waste product is carbon dioxide.
E)Oxygen is produced except during very strenuous contraction.
F)As the rate of cell respiration increases,the rate of breathing will decrease to conserve energy.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of the brain and movement (Select all that apply)?

A)Skeletal muscle contraction is not always dependent on nerve impulses.
B)The frontal lobes generate the impulses for movement.
C)The cerebellum and the frontal lobes work together so well because they are next to each other.
D)Having movements stop appropriately is a function of the cerebellum.
E)Coordination of movements is a function of the cerebellum.
F)The pathway for impulses for flexing the forearm is brain? spinal cord ? motor nerves ? triceps brachii.

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true of the structure of sarcomeres (Select all that apply)?

A)Myosin filaments are in the center of the sarcomere.
B)The T tubules of the sarcolemma are close to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C)Troponin and tropomyosin are inhibiting proteins.
D)The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores sodium ions that stimulate contraction.
E)Actin filaments are attached to the Z lines in the center of the sarcomere. f.The contracting proteins are actin and myosin.

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true of muscle sense (Select all that apply)?

A)The brain forms a picture of where the muscles are.
B)It depends of motor nerve impulses.
C)The receptors in muscle are called reaction receptors.
D)Conscious muscle sense is integrated by the temporal lobes.
E)Unconscious muscle sense is integrated by the cerebellum.
F)It is important for everyday tasks and for coordination.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true of the neuromuscular junction (Select all that apply)?

A)A synapse is the space between two muscle fibers.
B)Acetylcholine is released from vesicles in the sarcolemma.
C)The axon terminal is the end of a sensory neuron.
D)Acetylcholine makes the sarcolemma more permeable to calcium ions.
E)Cholinesterase is an enzyme that destroys acetylcholine so that the impulse will continue at the same strength.
F)The receptors for acetylcholine are in the sarcolemma.

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true of the locations and functions of muscles (Select all that apply)?

A)The masseter lowers the maxilla.
B)The gluteus maximus flexes the thigh.
C)The biceps brachii flexes the forearm.
D)The tibialis anterior extends the foot.
E)The orbicularis oris opens the mouth.
F)The external obliques help bend the vertebral column.

Question 10

Which of the following statements are true of the sliding filament mechanism (Select all that apply)?

A)The calcium ions released from the sarcolemma bond to troponin.
B)The sarcoplasmic reticulum inhibits contraction until a nerve impulse arrives.
C)With calcium ions,troponin shifts tropomyosin away from actin.
D)Myosin filaments pull actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere.
E)Myosin releases the energy from ATP.
F)When a muscle fiber contracts,all of its sarcomeres contract.

Question 11

Which of the following statements are true of muscle tone (Select all that apply)?

A)Good tone improves coordination.
B)It is a state of slight contraction.
C)The parietal lobes regulate skeletal muscle tone.
D)It is independent of nerve impulses except in stress situations.
E)The total muscle tone of the body produces a significant amount of body heat.
F)In a cold environment,decreased muscle tone is often felt as shivering.

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true of electrical changes at the sarcolemma (Select all that apply)

A)A polarized muscle fiber has more Na+ ions inside that outside.
B)Depolarization is the movement of K+ ions into the cell.
C)Repolarization is the movement of Na+ ions out of the cell.
D)A polarized muscle fiber has a positive charge inside and a negative charge outside.
E)Depolarization is a reversal of charges; the cell has a positive charge outside and a negative charge inside.f.An action potential is depolarization followed by repolarization.

Question 13

Which of the following statements are true of energy sources for muscle contraction (Select all that apply)?

A)The most abundant energy source is ATP.
B)The direct (immediate)energy source is glycogen.
C)When creatine phosphate is used for energy,the waste product urea is formed.
D)Glycogen is stored in muscles for use during exercise.
E)The first step in the use of glycogen for energy is its conversion to glucose.f.The energy from creatine phosphate is used to make more ATP.

Question 14

Which of the following statements are true of muscle arrangements (Select all that apply)?

A)Antagonistic muscles are those with opposite functions.
B)Synergistic muscles are those with alternating functions.
C)If one muscle pushes a bone one way,another muscle will be needed to push the bone the other way.
D)The muscle that does most of the work of a movement is the first responder.
E)A muscle may have more than one synergist because the bone to be moved may be in several different positions.
F)An antagonist to a muscle is usually found on the opposite side of the joint to be moved.

Question 15

Which of the following statements are true of the locations and functions of muscles (Select all that apply)?

A)The semispinalis capitis flexes the head and neck.
B)The hamstring group extends the thigh.
C)The trapezius raises the shoulder.
D)The teres major flexes the upper arm.
E)The gastrocnemius dorsiflexes the foot.
F)The rectus abdominis flexes the vertebral column.

Question 16

Which of the following statements are true of the body's responses to exercise.(Select all that apply)?

A)Respiration increases to take in more O2 and exhale more CO2.
B)Heart rate increases to circulate more oxygenated blood to muscles.
C)Sweating increases because more heat is produced as the rate of cell respiration decreases.
D)The arteries to muscles dilate to carry more blood.