Deck 2: Stress Psychophysiology

Question 1

What are the two major components of the brain?

A) Thalamus and hypothalamus
B) Cerebellum and pons
C) Cerebral cortex and subcortex
D) Medulla oblongata and cerebral cortex

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The part of the diencephalon that relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex is called the:

A) thalamus.
B) hypothalamus.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) pons.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The part of the subcortex responsible for coordination is called the:

A) cerebellum.
B) medulla oblongata.
C) thalamus.
D) hippocampus.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The part of the subcortex responsible for regulating sleep is called the:

A) cerebellum.
B) pons.
C) thalamus.
D) medulla oblongata.

Question 5

The part of the brain that "sounds the alarm" when stress is present is called the:

A) vasopressin.
B) oxytocin.
C) hippocampus.
D) cerebral cortex.

Question 6

What stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin?

A) Thyrotropic hormone (TTH)
B) Thyrotropic hormone releasing factor (TRF)
C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D) Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

Question 7

Which of the following statements defines the endocrine system?

A) It is a part of the diencephalon that relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.
B) It is comprised of hormones that regulate physiological functions.
C) It is a part of the diencephalon that activates the autonomic nervous system.
D) It is a network of nerves that connects the mind and the body.

Question 8

The network of nerves that connects the mind and the body is called the:

A) limbic system.
B) endocrine system.
C) autonomic nervous system.
D) reticular activating system.

Question 9

The system that controls such body processes as hormone balance, temperature, and width of blood vessels is called the:

A) limbic system.
B) endocrine system.
C) autonomic nervous system.
D) reticular activating system.

Question 10

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) activates the _____ to secrete corticoid hormones.

A) cerebral cortex
B) adrenal cortex
C) cerebellum
D) medulla oblongata

Question 11

The part of the diencephalon that activates the autonomic nervous system is called the:

A) pons.
B) hypothalamus.
C) thalamus.
D) medulla oblongata.

Question 12

The part of the subcortex responsible for regulation of the emotions is called the:

A) cerebellum.
B) pons.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) diencephalon.

Question 13

The system that produces emotions, which is also known as the "seat of emotions," is called the:

A) limbic system.
B) endocrine system.
C) cardiovascular system.
D) reticular activating system.

Question 14

The part of the subcortex responsible for regulation of heartbeat and breathing is called the:

A) cerebellum.
B) pons.
C) thalamus.
D) medulla oblongata.

Question 15

What is secreted by the pituitary gland and in turn activates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticoid hormones?

A) Thyrotropic hormone releasing factor (TRF)
B) Thyrotropic hormone (TTH)
C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D) Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

Question 16

What is released by the hypothalamus and results in the release of adrenocorticotropic hormones?

A) Thyrotropic hormone releasing factor (TRF)
B) Oxytocin
C) Vasopressin (ADH)
D) Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

Question 17

The lower part of the brain responsible for various physiological processes necessary to stay alive is called the:

A) cerebral cortex.
B) cerebrum.
C) subcortex.
D) sulcus.

Question 18

The upper part of the brain responsible for thinking functions is called the:

A) cerebral cortex.
B) subcortex.
C) cerebellum.
D) diencephalon.

Question 19

The anterior hypothalamus stimulates the _____ to secrete oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH).

A) thalamus
B) hippocampus
C) pituitary gland
D) cerebral cortex

Question 20

What is released by the hypothalamus and in turn stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete thyrotropic hormone (TTH)?

A) Thyrotropic hormone releasing factor (TRF)
B) Vasopressin (ADH)
C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D) Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

Question 21

The exit point from the body for unusable food substance is called the:

A) esophagus.
B) anal opening.
C) small intestine.
D) large intestine.

Question 22

A substance found in the stomach that helps break down food for digestion is:

A) esophageal acid.
B) saliva.
C) cortisol.
D) hydrochloric acid.

Question 23

Muscles that are attached to bones are called:

A) smooth muscles.
B) tendons.
C) skeletal muscles.
D) large muscles.

Question 24

_____ regulate metabolism of glucose.

A) Mineralocorticoids
B) Vasopressors
C) Glucocorticoids
D) Phagocyte

Question 25

The primary glucocorticoid is called:

A) cortisol.
B) aldosterone.
C) oxytocin.
D) vasopressin.

Question 26

The catecholamine commonly called adrenaline is:

A) epinephrine.
B) cortisol.
C) norepinephrine.
D) aldosterone.

Question 27

The catecholamine commonly called noradrenaline is:

A) epinephrine.
B) cortisol.
C) norepinephrine.
D) aldosterone.

Question 28

Which of the following is the part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for conserving energy?

A) Sympathetic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Endocrine system
D) Reticular activating system

Question 29

In the human digestive system, food from the stomach passes into the:

A) colon.
B) liver.
C) small intestine.
D) large intestine.

Question 30

The substance in the mouth that starts to break down food to small, manageable pieces is called:

A) bile.
B) saliva.
C) esophageal acid.
D) hydrochloric acid.

Question 31

The part of the digestive system that receives unusable food substance from the small intestine is called the:

A) liver.
B) kidney.
C) large intestine.
D) esophagus.

Question 32

Which of the following is the part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for expending energy?

A) Sympathetic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Endocrine system
D) Reticular activating system

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT an example of an involuntary function?

A) Heart rate
B) Blood pressure
C) Muscle contraction
D) Respiratory rate

Question 34

The primary mineralocorticoid is called:

A) cortisol.
B) aldosterone.
C) oxytocin.
D) vasopressin.

Question 35

The pipe through which food passes to get into the stomach is called the:

A) esophagus.
B) trachea.
C) small intestine.
D) large intestine.

Question 36

The endocrine gland that is involved in the stress reaction and that secretes the hormone thyroxin is called the:

A) pituitary gland.
B) pineal gland.
C) adrenal gland.
D) thyroid gland.

Question 37

The body system responsible for digestion is called the:

A) reproductive system.
B) nervous system.
C) gastrointestinal system.
D) cardiovascular system.

Question 38

The inner portion of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines is called the:

A) adrenal cortex.
B) adrenal medulla.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) diencephalon.

Question 39

_____ regulate the balance between sodium and potassium.

A) Vasopressors
B) Glucocorticoids
C) Mineralocorticoids
D) Phagocytes

Question 40

When you encounter a stressor, the sympathetic nervous system regulates the body to:

A) increase the heart rate.
B) dilate the pupils.
C) dilate the coronary arteries.
D) do all of these.

Question 41

The hormone that instructs the kidneys to retain water is:

A) oxytocin.
B) vasopressin (ADH).
C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
D) thyroxin.

Question 42

In females, the increase of oxytocin and estrogen during stress response:

A) initiates the fight-or-flight response.
B) initiates the tend-and-befriend response.
C) initiates the trophotropic response.
D) does all of these.

Question 43

Cortisol is secreted from the adrenal cortex and is responsible for:

A) the growth of fat cells.
B) an increase in blood glucose.
C) the secretion of saliva.
D) aggressive behavior.

Question 44

Muscles that control the contraction of internal organs are called:

A) smooth muscles.
B) ligaments.
C) internal muscles.
D) large muscles.

Question 45

When we experience little or no stress, the limbic system is in charge, and when we have significant levels of stress, the cerebral cortex is in charge.

Question 46

The cerebral cortex is also called the gray matter.

Question 47

Muscle bracing can lead to problems such as headaches and backaches.

Question 48

In males, testosterone levels increase significantly with acute stress, and this increase is associated with:

A) nurturing emotions.
B) relaxation.
C) hostility.
D) all of these.

Question 49

The temporal lobe of the brain is associated with:

A) reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving.
B) movement, orientation, recognition, and perception of stimuli.
C) the perception and recognition of sounds, memory, and speech.
D) vision.

Question 50

When measuring blood pressure, the higher number is the diastolic reading and the lower number is the systolic.

Question 51

In females, the effects of cortisol and epinephrine are mediated by the hormones:

A) testosterone and oxytocin.
B) estrogen and testosterone.
C) oxytocin and progesterone.
D) oxytocin and estrogen.

Question 52

A relatively frail person lifting a car off of a child pinned beneath it would be an example of the power of the fight-or-flight response.

Question 53

The ciliary muscles of the eye are influenced by the sympathetic system only, and sweat glands and blood glucose are influenced by the parasympathetic system alone.

Question 54

High cortisol levels that do not decline during the day have been found in:

A) trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
B) people with depression.
C) Holocaust survivors.
D) all of these.

Question 55

The average blood pressure for a young adult is:

A) 120/80.
B) 160/90.
C) 125/75.
D) 140/90.

Question 56

Identify the correct order in which food moves through the gastrointestinal system.

A) Esophagus, large intestine, and small intestine
B) Large intestine, small intestine, and esophagus
C) Esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine
D) Small intestine, esophagus, and large intestine

Question 57

Aldosterone is the primary mineral corticoid and is responsible for:

A) an increase in blood volume.
B) a decrease in urine production.
C) an increase in blood pressure.
D) all of these.

Question 58

Total cholesterol between 200 and 239 mg/dl is considered:

A) high.
B) borderline high.
C) low.
D) dangerous.

Question 59

The nervous system includes:

A) the brain.
B) the spinal cord.
C) the peripheral nerves.
D) all of these.

Question 60

The electrodermal response or the electrical conductance of the skin is called:

A) vasoconstriction.
B) galvanic skin response.
C) trophotropic response.
D) none of these.

Question 61

The reticular activating system (RAS) needs to be activated to normal levels for the rest of the brain to function as it should.

Question 62

Stress causes a decrease in saliva production and an increase in hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Question 63

When the hypothalamus experiences a stressor, it activates the two major stress reactivity pathways: the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system.

Question 64

During stress, the hypothalamus activates the adrenal and thyroid glands, which in turn secrete cortisol, aldosterone, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and thyroxin.

Question 65

In most people, cortisol levels are lowest a few hours after waking and continue to rise throughout the day.

Question 66

The frontal lobe of the brain is associated with movement, orientation, recognition, and perception of stimuli.

Question 67

Brain cells destroyed by prolonged stress can regenerate on their own.

Question 68

During stress, the surface temperature of the skin increases.

Question 69

Perspiration increases during stress.

Question 70

Contraction of the smooth muscles results in constriction in the walls of the blood vessels.

Question 71

Persistent stress results in the death of cardiac muscle cells and a loss of contractility of the heart. This damage is irreversible.

Question 72

Cortisol and aldosterone are types of muscle tissue.

Question 73

The reticular activating system (RAS) is the part of the brain where the world outside meets the thoughts and feelings from inside.

Question 74

The heart increases its force of contraction and pumps out more blood when stressed.

Question 75

Stress may alter peristalsis of the small and large intestines necessary for the transport of food substances.

Question 76

Men and women respond to stress differently because of gender-based hormonal differences.

Question 77

A systolic blood pressure greater than 140 and/or a diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 are classified as high blood pressure or hypertension.