Deck 57: Umbilical Cord

Question 1

Conditions predisposing a fetus to cord prolapse include all of the following except:

A) velamentous cord.
B) premature rupture of membranes.
C) polyhydramnios.
D) normal fetal presentation.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A cystic mass in the umbilical cord is usually which one of the following?

A) Allantoic in origin
B) An omphalocele
C) A false knot of the cord
D) A true knot of the cord

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which one of the following umbilical cord entanglements in the fetus is the most common?

A) Nuchal cord
B) True knot
C) False knot
D) Hematoma

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which one of the following statements about the umbilical cord is false?

A) The chorion covers the cord and blends with the fetal skin at the umbilicus.
B) The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood to the fetus.
C) One umbilical vein and two umbilical arteries make up the umbilical cord.
D) The umbilical cord is the essential link from the mother to the fetus.

Question 5

The umbilical cord is formed by the fusion of which of the following?

A) Amnion and yolk sac
B) Yolk stalk and allantoic ducts
C) Yolk sac and allantoic ducts
D) Allantoic ducts and chorion

Question 6

All of the following statements are correct about a true knot of the cord except:

A) It is associated with long cords.
B) It has been associated with polyhydramnios.
C) Color Doppler is useful to record flow.
D) It has been associated with monoamniotic twin gestation.

Question 7

A dilated intraabdominal, extrahepatic portion of the umbilical vein is called which one of the following?

A) Varix of the umbilical vein
B) Persistent right portal vein
C) Thrombosis of the umbilical vein
D) Aneurysm of the umbilical vein

Question 8

In the first trimester, the length of the umbilical cord is approximately the same size as which one of the following?

A) Mean (gestational) sac diameter
B) Biparietal diameter
C) Crown-rump length
D) Femur length

Question 9

Velamentous umbilical cord insertion is associated with all of the following except:

A) preterm labor.
B) abnormal fetal heart rate.
C) low Apgar scores.
D) macrosomia.

Question 10

After birth, the ductus venosus turns into which one of the following?

A) Ductus arteriosus
B) Ligamentum venosum
C) Falciform ligament
D) Coronary ligament

Question 11

Which one of the following occurs when the cord inserts into the membranes before it enters the placenta?

A) Prolapse
B) Velamentous insertion
C) Battledore placenta
D) Vasa previa

Question 12

Which one of the following problems may lead to inadequate fetal descent?

A) Long cord
B) Twisted cord
C) Short cord
D) Ruptured cord

Question 13

____________ of the cord may be formed when a loop of cord is slipped over the fetal head or shoulders during delivery.

A) Hemangioma
B) False knots
C) Hematoma
D) True knots

Question 14

Thrombosis of the umbilical vessels is most common in which one of the following?

A) Right umbilical artery
B) Left umbilical artery
C) Umbilical vein
D) Hypogastric arteries

Question 15

Which one of the following statements about a single umbilical artery is false?

A) The incidence of IUGR is increased.
B) The right umbilical artery is absent more often than the left umbilical artery.
C) An increase in prenatal mortality is present.
D) The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities is increased.

Question 16

The normal length of the umbilical cord measures __________ centimeters (cm).

A) 20 to 35
B) 40 to 60
C) 30 to 50
D) 60 to 90

Question 17

A short cord measures less than _____ cm.

A) 25
B) 30
C) 35
D) 40

Question 18

The presence of umbilical vessels crossing the internal os of the cervix is called which one of the following?

A) Placenta previa
B) Cord prolapse
C) Vasa previa
D) Velamentous cord

Question 19

Cord prolapse problems can be produced during all of the following obstetric procedures except:

A) velamentous cord insertion.
B) artificial rupture of membranes.
C) disengaging the head.
D) version and extraction.

Question 20

If a single umbilical artery is seen, the sonographer should search for which one of the following?

A) Neural tube defect
B) Esophageal atresia
C) Genitourinary defect
D) Abdominal wall defect

Question 21

Coiling of the umbilical cord:

A) is abnormal.
B) is not related to fetal activity.
C) has a higher incidence of fetal anomalies when the cord is twisted toward the right.
D) is insignificant.

Question 22

A paraumbilical defect involving all layers of the abdominal wall is called which one of the following?

A) Omphalocele
B) Umbilical herniation
C) Gastroschisis
D) Amniotic band syndrome

Question 23

A long umbilical cord measures greater than _____ cm.

A) 60
B) 80
C) 100
D) 120

Question 24

False knots of the umbilical cord:

A) are associated with short cord length.
B) occur when the blood vessels are longer than the cord.
C) are loops of cord slipped over the fetal head.
D) are umbilical hernias.

Question 25

A hypoplastic umbilical artery is defined as a three-vessel cord when the artery-to-artery difference is greater than ______.

A) 25%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 75%