Deck 29: The Neonatal and Infant Spine

Question 1

The neonatal coccyx should not be mistaken for a ______________.

A) cyst
B) fluid collection
C) lipoma
D) cyst or fluid collection

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The vascular membrane that closely covers the spinal cord is the ___________.

A) dura mater
B) pia mater
C) arachnoid mater
D) gray matter

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Identify the spinal structure that images as a hypoechoic structures located directly over the spinal canal.

A) Posterior dorsal spinal elements
B) Dura mater
C) Posterior spinous processes
D) Coccyx

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Dilation of the central canal of the spinal cord is ________________.

A) meningocele
B) hydromyelia
C) myeloschisis
D) diastematomyelia

Question 5

Indications for spinal sonography include all of the following abnormalities except:

A) back mass.
B) midline cutaneous deformities.
C) large collections of hair on the back.
D) shortening of the femur.

Question 6

A transverse projection across the midline from the lowest palpable rib is _____.

A) L1
B) L2
C) L3
D) T12

Question 7

Failure of the neural tube to fold and fuse in the midline results in a ___________.

A) myelomeningocele
B) hydromyelia
C) diastematomyelia
D) tethered cord

Question 8

The spinal cord tapers off into which one of the following?

A) Filum terminals
B) Conus medullaris
C) Median fissure
D) Median sulcus

Question 9

The sacrum consists of _____ fused bones.

A) three
B) four
C) five
D) six

Question 10

The spinal cord in the younger child ends at the upper border of the _______ lumbar vertebra.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 11

Spina bifida with a portion of the spinal cord and membranes protruding is called _____________.

A) hydromyelia
B) meningocele
C) tethered cord
D) myelomeningocele

Question 12

An anechoic mass in the cauda equina region is most likely which one of the following?

A) Lipoma
B) Hydromyelia
C) Meningocele
D) Cyst of the spinal cord

Question 13

The lumbar peduncles are strong and directed ___________.

A) medially
B) laterally
C) anteriorly
D) posteriorly

Question 14

Pathologic fixation of the spinal cord in an abnormal caudal location is known as which one of the following?

A) Lipoma
B) Tethered cord
C) Diastematomyelia
D) Hydromyelia

Question 15

A dimple may indicate a spinal abnormality if it is more than _____ from the anus.

A) 1 cm
B) 1 inch
C) 2 cm
D) 2 inches

Question 16

The spinal cord is surrounded by three meninges, which include all of the following except:

A) dura mater.
B) subdural mater.
C) arachnoid mater.
D) pia mater.

Question 17

A severe form of spinal bifida is called ___________________.

A) aperta
B) occulta
C) tethered spinal cord
D) terminals

Question 18

Which of the following structures are responsible for one fourth of the vertebral column's length?

A) Vertebral bodies
B) Intervertebral discs
C) Vertebral lemma
D) Spinal muscles

Question 19

Sonography is able to image the spinal cord because the:

A) ossification of the posterior spinal elements is incomplete.
B) ossification of the anterior body of the spine is incomplete.
C) dura mater is less dense during neonatal growth.
D) cerebrospinal fluid is an excellent window.

Question 20

The most important determination in ruling out tethered spinal cord is determining which one of the following?

A) Skin surface of the lumbar spine
B) Oscillations of the spinal cord
C) Vertebral level of the tip of the cornus medullaris
D) Vertebral level of the tip of the cauda equina

Question 21

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 7
D) 12

Question 22

Hemangiomas over the back have a high association with which one of the following abnormalities?

A) Tethered spinal cord
B) Hydromyelia
C) Spina bifida occulta
D) Myeloschisis

Question 23

The lower nerve roots together are called which one of the following?

A) Spinal nerves
B) Cauda equina
C) Filum terminale
D) Posterior root ganglion

Question 24

A transverse projection across the midline from the palpated apex of the iliac crest is often at the level of ________.

A) L3
B) L4
C) L5
D) S2