Deck 15: Urinary System

Question 1

Ureteral jets are not visualized in patients with:

A) renal cell carcinoma.
B) obstruction.
C) duplex collecting system.
D) acute focal bacterial nephritis.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A cystlike enlargement of the distal end of the ureter is called a:

A) ureterocele.
B) diverticulum.
C) urachal cyst.
D) cystitis.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In cases of nephrocalcinosis, calcium deposits are usually located in the:

A) cortex.
B) renal sinus.
C) medulla.
D) renal hilum.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The process of disposing metabolic wastes is called:

A) urea.
B) excretion.
C) deamination.
D) urination.

Question 5

Which one of the following clinical findings is the most likely reason for a renal artery Doppler examination?

A) Hypertension
B) Oliguria
C) Hematuria
D) Severe flank pain

Question 6

The most echogenic portion(s) of the kidney is(are) the:

A) cortex.
B) sinus.
C) medullary pyramids.
D) parenchyma.

Question 7

The most common solid renal mass found in childhood is:

A) renal cell carcinoma.
B) angiomyolipoma.
C) Wilms' tumor.
D) Von Hippel-Lindau tumor.

Question 8

Papillary necrosis may develop within ________ after renal transplantation.

A) 4 to 8 weeks
B) 12 to 18 hours
C) days to years
D) weeks or months

Question 9

A renal sonogram is performed. The finding of hypoechoic areas adjacent to the renal sinus is most consistent with:

A) bifid renal pelvis.
B) medullary pyramids.
C) column of Bertin.
D) junctional parenchymal defect.

Question 10

Parapelvic cysts are located in the:

A) renal sinus.
B) renal cortex.
C) lower pole.
D) pararenal space.

Question 11

The sonographic appearance of tuberous sclerosis may be difficult to differentiate from:

A) medullary sponge kidney.
B) nephrocalcinosis.
C) hydronephrosis.
D) autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Question 12

Identify the type of hydronephrosis demonstrating dilatation of the renal pelvis with thinning of the renal cortex.

A) Grade 0
B) Grade 3
C) Grade 4
D) Grade 6

Question 13

Fusion of the lower pole of the kidneys is called a:

A) cross-renal ectopia.
B) pelvic kidney.
C) supernumerary kidney.
D) horseshoe kidney.

Question 14

A common finding in people over 50 years of age is:

A) renal calculi.
B) renal cyst.
C) multicystic disease.
D) hypernephroma.

Question 15

Which one of the following describes the sonographic appearance of chronic pyelonephritis?

A) Echogenic cortex
B) Hypoechoic enlarged kidney
C) Inability to distinguish the cortex from the medullary regions
D) Echogenic foci in the medullary regions

Question 16

A cortical bulge in the lateral border of the kidney is called a(n):

A) junctional parenchymal defect.
B) dromedary hump.
C) extrarenal pelvis.
D) column of Bertin.

Question 17

A posttransplant perinephric fluid collection includes all of the following except:

A) ureterocele.
B) hematoma.
C) urinoma.
D) lymphocele.

Question 18

A congenital obstruction found in utero and in infants is called a(n):

A) ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction.
B) ureterocele.
C) bladder diverticulum.
D) posterior urethral valve.

Question 19

A dilated renal pelvis without ureteral dilation is observed in patients with:

A) hydronephrosis.
B) posterior urethral valve obstruction.
C) ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
D) ureterocele.

Question 20

Renal vein thrombosis may be visualized in patients with:

A) pyelonephritis.
B) renal calculi.
C) renal cell carcinoma.
D) angiomyolipoma.

Question 21

Outside the renal capsule is the:

A) perinephric fat.
B) paranephric space.
C) renal fascia.
D) renal medulla.

Question 22

Which one of the following is present in urine whenever extensive damage or destruction of the functioning erythrocytes occurs?

A) Protein
B) Creatinine
C) Hemoglobin
D) Albumin

Question 23

A triangular-shaped defect located anteriorly in the upper pole of the kidney most likely represents a(n):

A) renal tumor.
B) artifact from rib.
C) IVC compression.
D) junctional parenchymal defect.

Question 24

The right kidney is in contact with the:

A) spleen, colon, and adrenal gland.
B) liver, colon, and adrenal gland.
C) liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.
D) liver, gallbladder, and splenic flexure.

Question 25

Hydronephrosis may be best demonstrated sonographically by which one of the following patterns?

A) Distorted shape of the kidney outline
B) Multiple cystic masses throughout the renal parenchyma
C) Fluid-filled pelvocaliceal collecting system
D) Hyperechoic pelvocaliceal collecting system

Question 26

The kidneys are located in the:

A) peritoneal cavity.
B) retroperitoneal cavity.
C) perirenal cavity.
D) perirenal space.

Question 27

All of the following statements about the kidneys are true except:

A) the kidneys are intraperitoneal in location.
B) the average adult kidneys measure approximately 9 to 12 cm in length.
C) the kidneys move with respiration.
D) the anteroposterior thickness of the normal adult kidney is approximately 4 to 5 cm.

Question 28

The most common location of renal ectopia is the:

A) pelvis.
B) intrathoracic.
C) epigastric region.
D) retroperitoneum.

Question 29

A common benign vascular fatty tumor of the kidney is called a(n):

A) angiomyolipoma.
B) hypernephroma.
C) neuroblastoma.
D) lymphoma.

Question 30

The left renal vein courses:

A) posterior to the IVC.
B) anterior to the IVC.
C) anterior to the aorta.
D) anterior to the superior mesenteric artery.

Question 31

Pyonephrosis refers to the presence of:

A) blood in a dilated collecting system.
B) pus in a dilated collecting system.
C) urine in a dilated collecting system.
D) a perinephric abscess.

Question 32

The left kidney is in contact with the:

A) spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder.
B) spleen, gallbladder, and duodenum.
C) pancreas, colon, and porta hepatis.
D) spleen, stomach, and pancreas.

Question 33

Which of the following is an indirect, sonographic sign of renal function?

A) Obstructive uropathy
B) Cyst formation
C) Ureteral jets
D) Angiomyolipoma

Question 34

A potential space located between the liver and right kidney is:

A) Morison's pouch.
B) Douglas' pouch.
C) cul-de-sac.
D) Winhauer space.

Question 35

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease may be characterized by all of the following statements except:

A) the disease is latent until the fourth or fifth decade of life.
B) the severity of the disease varies, depending on the genotype.
C) the disease may be associated with cysts in the liver, pancreas, and spleen.
D) the kidneys are small and extremely echogenic.

Question 36

The vessel seen posterior to the IVC on the sagittal scan represents the:

A) right adrenal artery.
B) right renal artery.
C) left renal artery.
D) left renal vein.

Question 37

An extremely large echogenic renal sinus that appears to engulf the entire renal parenchymal outline suggests:

A) hydronephrosis.
B) lipomatosis.
C) hypernephroma.
D) nephrocalcinosis.

Question 38

Renal cell carcinoma commonly invades the IVC via the:

A) renal vein.
B) renal artery.
C) portal vein.
D) splenic vein.

Question 39

Which one of the following statements about the kidneys is false?

A) The kidneys are rigidly fixed on the abdominal wall.
B) The kidneys consist of an internal medullary and external cortical substance.
C) The kidneys rest on the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles.
D) Renal pyramids are found within the medullary region.

Question 40

Dilation of the renal pelvis may be caused by all of the following except:

A) oliguria.
B) reflux.
C) pregnancy.
D) distended urinary bladder.

Question 41

In the adult, a postvoid residual of less than _____ ml of urine is considered normal.

A) 35
B) 50
C) 20
D) 25

Question 42

Choose the cause of renal artery stenosis that accounts for two thirds of all cases in young patients.

A) Hydronephrosis
B) Parapelvic cyst
C) Atherosclerosis
D) Fibromuscular dysplasia

Question 43

Which one of the following describes a bladder diverticulum?

A) Cystic enlargement of the bladder orifice
B) Echogenic mass of the bladder wall
C) Herniation of the bladder wall
D) Focal thickening of the bladder wall

Question 44

Which one of the following disorders does not produce a complex sonographic pattern?

A) Infected cyst
B) Hemorrhagic cyst
C) Hematoma
D) Congenital simple cyst

Question 45

The normal bladder wall should be smooth and thin and measure between ____________ millimeters (mm).

A) 2 to 4
B) 3 to 6
C) 5 to 7
D) 5 to 10