Deck 1: Drug Use: an Overview

Question 1

The Government of Canada addresses the public health concern of substance abuse with its Canada's Drug Strategy (CDS), by using a broad four-component approach. It includes all of the following EXCEPT which one?

A) Education
B) Medical intervention
C) Harm reduction
D) Enforcement

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which term is used to describe, the use of a substance in a manner, amount, or situation such that the drug causes problems or greatly increases the chances of problems occurring?

A) Addiction
B) Dependence
C) Abuse
D) Tolerance

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How long have drugs played a significant role in human society?

A) for thousands of years
B) for about the past 200 years
C) since the 1920s
D) only since the 1960s

Answer 3

A

Question 4

If a substance is consistently used in a particular kind of situations (e.g., at parties, as opposed to when one is alone), what can it help us understand?

A) The amount of the substance being used.
B) The type of substance being used.
C) The reason the substance is being used.
D) Who is using the substance?

Question 5

Much of our information regarding drug use comes from survey questionnaires. What is one IMPORTANT limitation of questionnaires?

A) The sample sizes are too small.
B) People might not answer honestly.
C) The people who do the studies are biased.
D) The questionnaires don't ask questions about illicit drug use.

Question 6

Which term refers to a state in which an individual uses a drug so frequently and consistently that it would be difficult for the person to get along without using the drug?

A) Addiction
B) Dependence
C) Abuse
D) Tolerance

Question 7

What were the questions who, what, why, when, where, how, and how much introduced to do?

A) Understand the dependence potential of a drug.
B) Help us evaluate whether a particular type of drug use is a problem.
C) Determine the toxicity of a drug.
D) Track arrest data for drug law violations.

Question 8

Because drugs alter consciousness and thought processes, the affects experienced will depend on which of the following?

A) Expectations
B) Attitudes
C) Individual history
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 9

Which term describes use of prescribed drugs in greater amounts than, or for purposes other than, those prescribed by a physician or dentist.

A) Addiction
B) Drug misuse
C) Drug Abuse
D) Dependence

Question 10

All of the following EXCEPT which one, are examples of harm reduction measures reflected in Canada's Drug Strategy, to reduce the damage associated with alcohol and drugs?

A) Television educational campaigns
B) Safe injection sites
C) Methadone maintenance therapy
D) Syringe exchange programs

Question 11

One of the four principles of psychoactive drugs is that every drug has what?

A) effects on the heart
B) impurities
C) multiple effects
D) mind altering potential

Question 12

What did a 2015 survey of high school students in Ontario reveal regarding the use of ecstasy in the previous 12-month period?

A) Less than 1% of the students self-reported using ecstasy
B) 5.4% of the students self-reported using ecstasy
C) 10.4% of the students self-reported using ecstasy
D) 15.4% of the students self-reported using ecstasy

Question 13

According to the four principles of psychoactive drug use would state; "the effect of any psychoactive drug depends on ___________________."

A) the individual's history and expectations
B) its legal status
C) the user's diet
D) the user's unique brain chemistry

Question 14

How a drug exists is an important fact to consider. For instance, compared to smoking cocaine in the form of "crack", how will Indigenous South Americans who chew coca leaves absorb cocaine?

A) Quickly over a short period of time.
B) Slowly over a short period of time.
C) Slowly over a long period.
D) Quickly and continuously over a long period.

Question 15

In the past 100 years, the introduction of vaccines to prevent diseases and antibiotics to cure some infections laid the foundation for what?

A) Illicit drug markets.
B) Our acceptance of medicines as the cornerstone of our health care system.
C) Many dangerous drug interactions.
D) The need to create a "war on drugs" ethos.

Question 16

How does the text define a drug that is unlawful to possess or use?

A) An illicit drug.
B) A narcotic.
C) An addictive drug.
D) An abused drug.

Question 17

The media has been reporting on drug use ranging from methamphetamine to ecstasy to glue sniffing. How have these various examples been described in the media?

A) The "drug du jour"
B) Drug use: a laissez-faire reality
C) Drugs that are always bad drugs
D) Drug use by celebrities

Question 18

Which term describes a situation when a person's reaction to a psychopharmaceutical drug (such as a painkiller) decreases so that larger doses are required to achieve the same effect?

A) Addiction
B) Dependence
C) Abuse
D) Tolerance

Question 19

A survey completed regarding drug use and Aboriginals living on reserves in Canada reported that most youth who tried solvents did so by which age?

A) ten years
B) eleven years
C) thirteen years
D) fourteen years

Question 20

What is one of the four principles of psychoactive drug use?

A) All psychoactive drugs should be banned.
B) Most people are unable to control their own drug use.
C) Every drug has an opposite drug that can counteract it.
D) Frugs, per se, are not good or bad.

Question 21

Despite the limitations of survey questionnaires, when can they be informative?

A) If they are done year after year, because we can then look for changes over time.
B) If they seek information regarding those who are not included in the survey.
C) If they ask questions regarding alcohol use, because it is not illegal.
D) If they ask about the misuse of prescription drugs.

Question 22

When considering gender, socioeconomic status, and level of education, there has been a consistent finding over many studies. Which of the following describes the outcome?

A) There is a very small, almost an insignificant difference between a person's education level and the amount of alcohol they drink.
B) People who completed only high school are more likely to drink more alcohol, than those who complete postsecondary education and university degrees.
C) People with higher levels of education are somewhat less likely to use marijuana.
D) People with higher levels of education are somewhat more likely to use marijuana.

Question 23

The 2004 Canadian Campus Survey (CCS), revealed what percentage of the Canadian undergraduate, population had used Cannabis within the previous 12 months period?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 24

What was a significant change made to the CTADS survey beginning in 2015 compared to previous years?

A) Data was collected for residences of the Yukon
B) The CTADS used cell phones in its sampling frame
C) Data was collected using an internet questionnaire
D) Data was collected for residences of the Nunavut

Question 25

What is one consistent trait among students who report they are less likely to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, or use any type of illicit drug?

A) They have high self-esteem
B) They are well-off financially
C) They have more involvement with religion
D) They have lots of friends

Question 26

Which of the following describes one of the MOST important risk factors for drug use?

A) Having friends who use marijuana or other substances.
B) Being heavily involved in extracurricular activities.
C) Having lots of money.
D) Believing that your parents are a source of social support.

Question 27

Which statement best describes the OSDUHS?

A) Began in 1977, and is the longest ongoing school-based survey in Canada.
B) Began in 1977, and is the longest ongoing school-based survey in North America.
C) Recently launched in 2015, in response to the growing concern regarding the opioid use in North America.
D) Recently launched in 2015, in response to the growing concern regarding the opioid use in Canada.

Question 28

When considering gender, socioeconomic status, and level of education, there has been a consistent finding over many studies. Which of the following describes the outcome?

A) Males are more likely to drink alcohol and smoke marijuana, than are females.
B) Males are more likely to drink alcohol, but females are more likely to smoke marijuana, than are males.
C) Females are more likely to drink alcohol, but males are more likely to smoke marijuana, than are females.
D) Females are more likely to drink alcohol and smoke marijuana, than are males.

Question 29

The 2017 OSDUHS results indicated that students identified the greatest risk of physical harm to be regular use of which substance?

A) Regular alcohol use.
B) Regular, prescription drug use.
C) Regular marijuana use.
D) Regular cocaine use.

Question 30

What is one of the MOST important protective factors for drug use?

A) Having to work and earn your spending money.
B) Having been punished for fighting.
C) Knowing adults who use drugs.
D) Believing that there are strong sanctions against substance use at school.

Question 31

The Canadian Campus Survey indicated that between 1998 and 2004 the use of cannabis declined in the Western provinces but increased where in Canada?

A) Quebec
B) Ontario
C) British Columbia
D) Atlantic Canada

Question 32

Much of the research on correlates of drug use has used which substance as an indicator?

A) Alcohol
B) Methamphetamine
C) Marijuana smoking
D) Steroids

Question 33

According to the 2004 Canadian Addiction Survey, what percent of Canadians produce their own wine or beer at home?

A) 6.7%
B) 10.7%
C) 18.7%
D) 32.7%

Question 34

What does the 2016 (ACHA) National College Health Assessment data provide?

A) A snapshot of current use patterns among postsecondary students.
B) A snapshot of the number of drug overdose emergency room admissions.
C) A one day snapshot survey of the number of youth 18-24 presently admitted in some form of drug/alcohol treatment program.
D) A snapshot of the current college/university support services offered across the country.

Question 35

Is you were a social worker working with elementary and secondary students within a school system, according to the 2017 OSDUHS results, which substance might you be most concerned with due to its availability?

A) Alcohol
B) Cigarettes
C) Marijuana
D) OxyContin

Question 36

Who is included and how is the OSDUHS conducted?

A) Interviews include thousands of students every second year from elementary and secondary schools across Ontario
B) Interviews include thousands of students every second year from secondary schools across Ontario
C) Interviews include thousands of students from colleges and universities every second year from across Ontario was
D) Interviews include thousands of students every second year from colleges and universities, and elementary and secondary schools, across

Question 37

When adolescents have a socially supportive family, are interested in school and sports activities and perceive marijuana use being strongly opposed by their school, these factors correlate with lower rates of marijuana use which are commonly referred to as what?

A) Antecedents
B) Causal factors
C) Deviates
D) Protective factors

Question 38

What did the 2017 OSDUHS results regarding marijuana use ONLY among students in grades 7 through 12 reveal?

A) Has slowly been rising since 1999
B) Has remained consisted for since 1999
C) Has been drastically rising since 1999
D) It has been declining since 1999

Question 39

Accordingly to the 2017 OSDUHS results, what substance was the most commonly used illicit drug?

A) Hallucinogens
B) Methamphetamine
C) Cannabis
D) Cocaine

Question 40

Which Canadian survey examining trends in drug use, has been conducted every year since 2008?

A) Canadian Addiction Survey
B) Canadian Campus Survey
C) Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey
D) The National Survey of Drug use in Canada

Question 41

Comparing adolescents who smoke cigarettes with those who do not, and then looking at later adoption of marijuana use, cigarette smokers are about twice as likely as non-smokers to later use marijuana. For this reason, what have cigarettes been referred to as?

A) Addictive
B) A gateway substance
C) A conduit
D) A correlate

Question 42

Which statement describes the group most likely to be drug users in adulthood?

A) Males who are aggressive in early elementary school
B) Females who are aggressive in early elementary school
C) Males who are considered "loners and withdrawn" in early elementary school
D) Females who are considered "loners and withdrawn" in early elementary school

Question 43

Some drugs have the effect that every time you take the drug, the probability that you will take it again increases slightly. What is this process referred to as?

A) Reinforcement
B) Altered perception
C) Addiction
D) Drug misuse

Question 44

In general most Canadians do not see a strong link between the availability of drugs and Canada's problems related to drug use.

Question 45

Personality may have some predictive value by indicating whether someone does which of the following?

A) Experiments with drugs.
B) Abstains from drug use.
C) Uses drugs socially.
D) Develops an addiction.

Question 46

The 2015 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey showed that 8% of males and 6.5% of females, grades 7-12, reported having used an inhalant (glue or solvents) in the past year.

Question 47

Every drug has multiple effects.

Question 48

Which type of factor probably plays a bigger role in determining whether a person will try a drug in the first place, opposed to determining which of those who try it will become dependent?

A) Genetics
B) Personality
C) Individual reaction to the drug
D) Social conditioning

Question 49

The Harm Reduction model of drug treatment accepts that there may be other acceptable outcomes than drug abstinence.

Question 50

We can get an idea of why someone is using a drug by examining when and where he or she uses it.

Question 51

What is one personality variable that has been consistently associated with higher rates of substance dependence?

A) Low self-esteem
B) Extraversion
C) High impulsivity
D) Passivity

Question 52

The majority of Canadians do NOT perceive drug and alcohol abuse to be serious problems in Canada.

Question 53

Illicit drug is a term used to refer to a drug that is unlawful to possess or use.

Question 54

Which of the following is an example of a longitudinal study of drug use?

A) Surveying high-school seniors every year.
B) Following each individual throughout the entire day.
C) Sampling drug use from different parts of the country.
D) Following the same group of people at intervals over several months or years.

Question 55

There are some drugs that we should just define as being bad drugs.

Question 56

Drug misuse generally refers to the use of prescribed drugs in greater amounts than, or for purposes other than, those prescribed by a physician or dentist.

Question 57

Impulsivity is one personality factor that is associated with higher rates of substance abuse and dependence.

Question 58

Being willing to fight seems to be an important protective factor against substance use.

Question 59

Compared to young adults who only finished high school, those with university degrees are more likely to do which of the following?

A) Use cocaine.
B) Drink alcohol.
C) Smoke marijuana.
D) Report similar rates of use of most substances.

Question 60

Which of the following describes what most drug users are seeking?

A) Reduction of emotion pain
B) Need to fit in
C) An altered state of consciousness
D) Need to rebel

Question 61

What does the research regarding religion and drug use describe?

Question 62

Describe the differences between drug dependence and tolerance.

Question 63

According to the findings reported in your text, who is more likely to use illegal drugs and alcohol?

Question 64

If John wants to enhance the likelihood he hires someone who is more likely to NOT smoke marijuana, research considering gender, socioeconomic status, and level of education would suggest he hire a female with a university education.

Question 65

Describe Harm Reduction and how it has been used as an initiative by Canada's Drug Strategy to reduce the damage associated with alcohol and other drugs?

Question 66

What is meant by the term "gateway substance"? Provide an example of a gateway substance? What is wrong with assuming that use of a gateway substance causes increased use of other substances?

Question 67

It is important to monitor which illicit drugs are widely used and whether their use is increasing or decreasing. Describe the most important sources of information we have about drug use in Canada and the major limitations of that kind of information.

Question 68

Identify and briefly describe the four pillars of the Canadian Drugs and Substances Strategy

Question 69

What does drug Reinforcement mean?

Question 70

Which three demographics have been used when analyzing the "who uses drugs?"

Question 71

What has the research revealed regarding Religion and Drug Use?

Question 72

What did the 2003 report commissioned by the Pauingassi First Nation in Manitoba determine?

Question 73

What is meant by risk and protective factors for substance use? Provide at least two examples of each.

Question 74

Describe the term "drug du jour"?

Question 75

Discuss how personality variables relate to substance use.

Question 76

Explain the differences among the definitions of drug misuse, drug abuse, and harm reduction.

Question 77

What do the abbreviations CCS and OSDUHS stand for, and what are they?