Deck 5: Becoming Parents and Parenting Infants and Toddlers

Question 1

Which of the following describes the coparenting of parents of infants?

A) There les stability in coparenting behavior among first-time parents in comparison to parents who have other children.
B) There is more stability in coparenting behavior among first-time parents in comparison to parents who have other children.
C) Fathers in dual-earner families display less coparenting behaviors than fathers in single-earner households.
D) Mothers in single-earner households display more coparenting than mothers in two-parent households

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Child temperament has been linked consistently to the coparenting behaviors of parents of infants and toddlers. For instance,

A) fathers of babies with a difficult temperament demonstrate more supportive coparentng.
B) mothers of babies with a difficult temperament demonstrate more intrusive coparenting.
C) fathers of babies with a difficult temperament demonstrate more intrusive coparenting.
D) both mothers and fathers of babies with a difficult temperament are equally intrusive.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Parental sensitivity to infants can be seen in parent-infant interactions:

A) Throughout Europe.
B) Throughout Europe and the United States.
C) Throughout Asian countries.
D) Throughout the world.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The World Health Organization WHO) and the American Association of Pediatrics AAP) encourages:

A) Breast feeding exclusively for the first 3 months of life, then switching to bottle feeding for the next 9 months.
B) Breast feeding exclusively for the first 2 years of life.
C) Breast feeding for a year for all babies unless the mother is an active drug user, HIV positive, or severely malnourished
D) Bottle-feeding for the first six weeks since formula can be regulated and we will have a more accurate idea of the child's nutritional intake.

Question 5

Parents of securely attached infants have been described as:

A) More sensitive.
B) More educated.
C) More likely to breastfeed.
D) More likely to be married.

Question 6

Research shows that following the birth of a first child, there is a strong nesting movement, which is associated with

A) Equivalent contact with nuclear family members and friends
B) Avoidance of contact with family and friends
C) increased contact with friends.
D) increased contact with family members and decreased contact with friends

Question 7

The most commonly-used substances which compromise the health of the mother during pregnancy and affects the health of the developing fetus is prenatal exposure to:

A) Alcohol
B) Nicotine
C) Diuretics
D) Caffeine

Question 8

All the risk factors for low birth weight correlate with _____________.

A) The pregnant woman's age.
B) The pregnant woman's education level.
C) Poverty.
D) Ethnicity

Question 9

An important aspect of encouraging attachment with an infant is the development of parent-infant-synchrony. The two main impediments to the initiation and repair of parent-infant synchrony are:

A) Infant crying and lack of parental sleep.
B) Infants wanting to play and parents not wanting to play.
C) The parent ignoring the infant's invitation to interact and/or over-stimulation when the baby wants to rest.
D) The parent wanting to play and the infant not wanting to play.

Question 10

It is important to optimize the chances of having a healthy baby. Though some risk factors are out of the control of the birth mother, which of the following risks is controllable?

A) Poverty
B) Access to Nutritious Foods
C) Ingesting Teratogens
D) Access to Prenatal Healthcare

Question 11

In addition to the health benefits of kangaroo care for premature infants, it is also related to.

A) Higher academic achievement
B) More finely developed gross motor skills
C) Higher levels of self-efficacy
D) More positive interactions between parent and infant

Question 12

Parents encourage infant attachment through a number of different cultural practices. The practice of ______________ is an important parental sensitivity response that is present in all cultures.

A) Demand feeding
B) Co-sleeping
C) Infant carrying
D) Scheduled feeding

Question 13

New mothers in Asian cultures tend to receive considerable support primarily from______________.

A) Their spouses
B) Community-based programs
C) Extended family members
D) Neighbors

Question 14

In a study of mothers of high-risk infants, it was found that _____________ significantly predicts anxiety and distress of parents.

A) The baby's birth weigh
B) The mother's marital status
C) The mother's age
D) The mother's ethnicity

Question 15

In comparison to pre-term infants who do not receive kangaroo care, pre-term infants whose parents use kangaroo care:

A) Cry frequently.
B) Sleep less.
C) Gain more weight.
D) Need more supplemental oxygen.

Question 16

The process by which babies develop secure attachment depends on whether or not they experience

A) Kangaroo Bonding
B) Breast Feeding
C) Unconditional Regard
D) Contingent Responsiveness

Question 17

There is _____________ in the survival rates of infants born in industrialized and non-industrialized countries.

A) no difference
B) very little difference
C) a minor difference
D) a major difference

Question 18

The most important aspects of medical care of infants that has contributed to the rarity of death from infectious diseases is

A) health checkups.
B) immunizations.
C) improved medication.
D) easier access to medical professionals

Question 19

Preparing a toddler for bed by rocking, reading them a story or softly singing as a part of a nightly ritual contributes to

A) Self-regulatory behavior
B) Bedtime resistance
C) Unrealistic expectations
D) Social Referencing

Question 20

The American Academy of Pediatrics AAP) recommends that breast-feeding continue for at least _____________, with exclusive breast-feeding for the first _____________.

A) 12 months, 6 months
B) 1 to 2 years, 4 to 6 months
C) 6 months, 3 months
D) 12 to 14 months, 6 to 8 months

Question 21

According to the WHO, at what age should parents begin providing solid food and how is that coordinated with breastfeeding.

Question 22

What are three things we know about prenatal development and healthy pregnancy practices?

Question 23

It is the _____________ interactions between parents and infants that are the most beneficial.

A) normal, spontaneous
B) conscious, careful
C) frequent, specific
D) daily, specific

Question 24

Identify and briefly explain four considerations involved in the decision to become parents.

Question 25

List three prominent features of infant care in traditional cultures?

Question 26

Which of the following statements reflects the influence of center-based childcare on the development of infants and toddlers?

A) Infant development is more likely to be compromised in center-based child care than in family child care settings.
B) High quality child care and responsive parenting predict the most beneficial outcomes.
C) Well trained staff are better able to care for an infant's developmental needs than most parents.
D) Infants and toddlers with poor quality parenting receive no benefit from high-quality child care.

Question 27

It is important for parents to recognize that their infants' and toddlers' curiosity about objects in their environment and their strong interest in looking, listening, touching, biting, and tasting is ________________.

A) Normal and necessary for their cognitive advancement
B) Normal but not necessary for their cognitive advancement.
C) Due to their willful nature
D) A problem to be dealt with by discouraging such behavior

Question 28

Infant / toddler language development is encouraged through a number of parent and/or adult interactions. Reading to infants and toddlers is an example of ______________, which provides opportunities for matching words to objects.

A) Parentese
B) Linguistic Turn Taking
C) Joint Attention
D) Guided Participation

Question 29

Describe the behavior of parents whose infants develop secure attachment.

Question 30

Vygotsky's view of infant intellectual development focused on:

A) The sensory experiences from fine motor interaction with the child's environment.
B) Emerging brain research that documents the continual activity of an infant's brain as being busier than an adult's.
C) The importance of parents and siblings in aiding the process of learning through guided participation.
D) A process of social learning that uses modeling and imitation as a means of teaching appropriate behavior.

Question 31

Which of the following describes parentese?

A) It is adult-to-infant speech that is more prevalent in some communities than others.
B) Infants prefer listening to ordinary speech over parentese.
C) In comparison to ordinary language, parentese is higher pitched and has more low-to-high fluctuations.
D) It comparison to ordinary speech, it has a more complex vocabulary.

Question 32

What are four contributions that parent-infant play makes to the development of infants?

Question 33

Which of the following is an accurate description of infant perception?

A) The infant's fondness for looking at pastel colors
B) The special allure of the human face
C) The infant's less than keen hearing ability
D) The infant's avoidance of looking at sharp contrasts, such as stripes or checkerboards

Question 34

What is the best example of a baby's early fine motor skill?

A) Putting the foot in the mouth
B) Biting
C) Successful grabbing
D) Crawling

Question 35

An infant/toddler's interest in climbing stairs demonstrates which of the following?

A) An aspect of gross motor skill development?
B) An aspect of fine motor skill development
C) A demonstration of illogical thinking that requires redirection.
D) A signal that the baby should be allowed to climb stairs without assistance.