Deck 45: Assisting in the Analysis of Urine

Question 1

A cloudy urine specimen may be the result of which of the following?

A) Glycosuria
B) Ketones
C) Lipids
D) Crystals

Answer 1

Crystals

Question 2

A small amount of which of the following is always present in normal urine?

A) Bilirubin
B) Glucose
C) Urobilinogen
D) Leukocyte esterase

Answer 2

Urobilinogen

Question 3

On chemical analysis, a urine specimen from a female with a urinary tract infection most likely reveals __________ pH, ________ nitrite, and _________ leukocyte esterase.

A) decreased; increased; increased
B) increased; increased; increased
C) increased; decreased; decreased
D) increased; decreased; increased

Answer 3

increased; increased; increased

Question 4

One of the first detectable signs of renal disease is

A) hematuria.
B) pyuria.
C) proteinuria.
D) myoglobinuria.

Question 5

Casts in a urine specimen develop in what part of the urinary tract?

A) Urethra
B) Renal
C) Bladder
D) Ureters

Question 6

Which of the following is mismatched concerning urine color and the likely pathologic cause?

A) Red: bleeding in the urinary tract
B) Greenish yellow: liver disorder
C) Blue-green: Pseudomonas infection
D) Reddish brown: diabetes

Question 7

A urine pregnancy test result is positive

A) only before implantation of the fertilized egg.
B) from fertilization through the first trimester.
C) from implantation of the fertilized egg through the first trimester.
D) from implantation of the fertilized egg through delivery.

Question 8

The specific gravity of a urine specimen reads 1.035. This value is considered

A) abnormally high.
B) abnormally low.
C) normal.
D) none of the above.

Question 9

Which statement is true about the pH of urine?

A) The average pH of freshly voided urine is 9.
B) The urinary pH varies with the diet.
C) The urine pH is alkaline if the patient has bacteriuria.
D) A urine pH below 7 indicates alkalinity.

Question 10

In the microscopic observation of urine sediment, yeast most resembles

A) bacteria.
B) red blood cells.
C) mucous threads.
D) calcium oxalate crystals.

Question 11

Which of the following are tubular structures found in the urine and composed mainly of mucoprotein secreted by certain cells of the kidney?

A) Casts
B) Bacteria
C) Yeasts
D) Metabolites

Question 12

A child whose urine has a mousy smell most likely would be diagnosed with

A) diabetes.
B) urinary tract infection.
C) PKU.
D) renal failure.

Question 13

When instructing a female patient in how to obtain a clean-catch, midstream urine specimen, you should tell her to use how many antiseptic towelettes?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 14

A urine specimen is tested and shown to have a pH of 8.0. This value is

A) abnormally low.
B) abnormally high.
C) midrange normal.
D) normal.

Question 15

One of the first detectable signs of liver disease is

A) bilirubinuria.
B) hematuria.
C) proteinuria.
D) ketonuria.

Question 16

Urine suspected of having high levels of which substance should be stored in a dark place before testing?

A) Sugar
B) Red blood cells
C) Bacteria
D) Bilirubin

Question 17

A medical assistant instructs a patient to collect a first morning specimen for which of the following tests?

A) Pregnancy testing
B) Culture for bacteriuria
C) Quantitative protein determination
D) All of the above

Question 18

If a urine specimen cannot be analyzed within 1 hour, the best course of action is to

A) discard the specimen and order a recollection.
B) refrigerate the specimen.
C) add a chemical preservative.
D) set the specimen aside.

Question 19

A 24-hour urine sample is ordered to determine which of the following?

A) Ketone levels
B) Creatinine clearance rates
C) Proteinuria
D) Anuria

Question 20

You open a urine sample for testing and immediately detect a fruity odor. Which test result do you expect to be elevated on chemical analysis?

A) Protein
B) Urobilinogen
C) Ketones
D) Bilirubin

Question 21

A urine sample that can be collected at any given time is called a

A) random sample.
B) 2-hour PP.
C) clean-catch sample.
D) 24-hour sample.

Question 22

Which of the following substances when found in urine may indicate kidney damage?

A) Glucose
B) Electrolytes
C) Protein
D) Urea

Question 23

The pigment __________ is responsible for the color of urine.

Question 24

Which of the following is a common finding in cystitis and in individuals passing kidney stones?

A) Hematuria
B) Hemoglobinuria
C) Myoglobinuria
D) None of the above

Question 25

Which of the following urine specimens are used in diabetes screening and for home diabetes testing programs?

A) Random specimens
B) First morning specimens
C) 2-hour postprandial urine specimens
D) 24-hour urine specimens

Question 26

The reagent strip is highly sensitive to

A) hemoglobin.
B) immunoglobulin.
C) urinary albumin.
D) mucoproteins.

Question 27

Which cells are usually oval and may show budding and common in urine of patients with diabetes?

A) Yeast cells
B) Squamous epithelial cells
C) Renal tubular cells
D) White blood cells

Question 28

Polyuria is common in which of the following clinical situations?

A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Dehydration
C) Renal failure
D) Urinary tract infections

Question 29

Which of the following casts always indicate a pathologic condition and are highly diagnostic?

A) Hyaline casts
B) White blood cell casts
C) Red blood cell casts
D) Renal tubular epithelial cell casts
E) Granular casts

Question 30

The specific gravity of most urine samples falls between

A) 1.000 and 1.010.
B) 1.010 and 1.024.
C) 1.005 and 1.030.
D) 1.030 and 1.050.

Question 31

____________ casts are not uncommon in the urine of athletes.

Question 32

Which of the following is not a recommendation from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for urine specimens?

A) Volume should be 12 mL
B) Specimen should not be centrifuged
C) A standardized slide should be used to view the sediment
D) A consistent reporting format should be used

Question 33

The sugar most commonly found in urine is __________.

Question 34

An ammonia or putrid smell in the urine can be caused by which of the following?

A) Uncontrolled diabetes
B) Infection
C) A child with phenylketonuria
D) Food such as asparagus or garlic

Question 35

A turbid urine sample means that the specimen is

A) contaminated.
B) high in ketones.
C) high in glucose.
D) cloudy.

Question 36

What is the last portion of the nephron that the filtrate travels through?

A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Collecting duct
D) Distal convoluted tubule

Question 37

You are examining a patient's urinalysis report. Which of the following factors is normal?

A) Specific gravity: 1.045
B) Color: light amber
C) Turbidity: present
D) Glucose: positive

Question 38

What is the most common urine test for pregnancy?

A) Clinitest
B) Lateral flow immunoassay
C) CLIA-waved lateral flow urine test
D) None of the above

Question 39

A red blood cell seen in urine sediment that has scalloped, leaflike edges is described as ____________.

Question 40

Abnormal urine color may be related to which of the following?

A) Diet
B) Medication
C) Disease
D) Pathologic factors

Question 41

___________ may be the first indication of diabetes mellitus.

Question 42

A patient who shows a decrease in the volume of urine produced is said to have __________.

Question 43

Blood is the most commonly analyzed body fluid in the clinical laboratory.

Question 44

Describe the changes that occur in urine when it has been sitting at room temperature.
• Clarity
• Color
• pH
• Glucose
• Ketones
• Bilirubin
• Blood
• Nitrite
• Bacteria

Question 45

When a woman enters menopause, the ovaries stop producing eggs and the levels of __________ rise.

Question 46

A random urine sample may contain blood from vaginal contamination if the woman is ______________.

Question 47

____________ is the study of poisonous substances and their effects on the body.

Question 48

__________ are the end-products of fat metabolism and are detected in the urine samples of patients with uncontrolled diabetes.

Question 49

Normally the medical assistant documents the presence of foam on a urine specimen.

Question 50

Of the many sugars that can be present in the urine, only glucose and galactose signify a pathologic condition.

Question 51

A(n) __________________ is ordered if the physician suspects that the patient has a UTI and needs to determine the most effective antibiotic to prescribe.

Question 52

____________ may occur as the first sign of liver disease; the urine appears yellow-brown or greenish orange.

Question 53

You are working in a PCP office that routinely performs work-related drug screenings. Describe several methods that may be used to ensure that the urine sample has not been adulterated.

Question 54

The Clinitest is performed as a screening test for glycosuria.

Question 55

Refrigeration of urine can cause ___________ urates or phosphates to settle out of a urine sample.

Question 56

You are instructing a patient on how to obtain and manage a urine specimen at home. What education should you provide?

Question 57

Ovulation testing measures the level of hCG in the bloodstream.

Question 58

Crushing injuries and MIs can result in _____________.

Question 59

In general, artifacts in urine sediment, such as mucous threads and starch granules, are quantified and reported.

Question 60

The presence of casts in urine may be caused by strenuous exercise.

Question 61

Safety precautions must be taken with the Clinitest method of testing for glycosuria because the chemical reaction causes the test tube to become very hot.

Question 62

For the most accurate results, urine specimens should be kept refrigerated and processed within 2 hours of collection.

Question 63

The most accurate method of testing urine in patients with diabetes requires a second-voided specimen.

Question 64

Ketones may not be present in a urine sample that is at room temperature.

Question 65

Although urine tests are used for drug screening, the most accurate examination is performed on blood samples.

Question 66

The average person produces approximately 3 L of urine each day.

Question 67

The most accurate method for performing alcohol screening is analysis of a urine sample.

Question 68

Crystal deposits are detected in urine after it has cooled.

Question 69

Reagent strip testing must be performed on a fresh specimen within 1 hour of collection.

Question 70

The cycle of urine production in the nephron unit is reabsorption, filtration, and secretion.

Question 71

QC for the microscopic examination of urine relies on standardized commercial systems such as KOVA.

Question 72

When urine is fresh and warm, trichomonas organisms may be motile and appear to be darting about rapidly when the specimen is examined under a microscope.

Question 73

The easiest directions for a patient in collecting a urine specimen are to ask the patient to fill the container three-quarters full to make sure enough urine is provided for testing.

Question 74

Quality control methods for microscopic examination of urine require a minimum of 20 mL of urine that has been centrifuged for 10 minutes.

Question 75

Hematuria is the presence of intact red blood cells in urine.