Deck 35: Assisting in Pediatrics

Question 1

Routine head circumference measurement is recommended for children until age

A) 6 months.
B) 12 months.
C) 3 years.
D) 10 years.

Answer 1

3 years.

Question 2

A middle ear infection is called

A) otitis media.
B) otitis externa.
C) otalgia.
D) meningitis.

Answer 2

otitis media.

Question 3

Tetanus is part of which immunization?

A) HBV
B) Hib
C) DPT
D) MMR

Answer 3

DPT

Question 4

The common cold is caused by

A) bacteria.
B) fungi.
C) a virus.

Question 5

Colic in infants is most often characterized by

A) diarrhea.
B) mild abdominal distress and crying.
C) disappearance of the condition by age 6 months.
D) allergies to breast milk.

Question 6

Myringotomy may be required when a child suffers from chronic

A) colic.
B) otitis media.
C) asthma.
D) croup.

Question 7

Another name for chickenpox is

A) rubella.
B) rubeola.
C) varicella.
D) herpes simplex.

Question 8

Which human characteristic is not measured by the Denver II Developmental Screening Test?

A) Socialization
B) Verbal ability
C) Intelligence
D) Muscular control

Question 9

A child's head circumference should be measured to the closest _______ inch.

A) 1/8
B) 1/4
C) 1/2
D) 3/4

Question 10

Adolescents at the postconventional level display what behaviors?

A) They use abstract thinking to make decisions.
B) They are egocentric and do not understand the relationship between cause and effect.
C) They follow the rules to avoid disappointing others.
D) They are learning to consider the greatest good for the greatest number when making decisions.

Question 11

What method of evaluation is used to detect microcephaly?

A) Culture of infectious material
B) Developmental screening tests
C) Laryngoscopy
D) Measurement of the head circumference

Question 12

In which illness or condition are dehydration and subsequent electrolyte imbalance of particular concern when the disorder occurs in children?

A) Colic
B) Influenza
C) Hepatitis B
D) Diarrhea

Question 13

Which common medication is not recommended for children, because it has been linked to a sometimes fatal disease?

A) Acetaminophen
B) Aspirin
C) Ibuprofen
D) Penicillin

Question 14

During which period in a child's life is weight gain the fastest in proportion to the child's total weight?

A) First 6 months
B) Age 6 months to 1 year
C) Preschool
D) Adolescence

Question 15

The developmental theories of Sigmund Freud include which of the following principles?

A) Trust versus mistrust and identity versus role confusion
B) The id, ego, and superego
C) Preconventional versus conventional morality
D) Operational stages

Question 16

Which of the following is a helpful approach to adolescent patients?

A) The medical assistant should recognize the importance of personal appearance to adolescents.
B) The parents should be present for discussions about health problems.
C) The medical assistant should use distraction if painful procedures are performed.
D) The medical assistant should give the adolescent advice on handling personal problems.

Question 17

Which condition, if left untreated, can lead to heart and kidney disease?

A) Strep throat
B) Reye's syndrome
C) Hepatitis B
D) Chickenpox

Question 18

Which statement is true about croup?

A) It can be cured with antibiotics.
B) It is caused by edema and spasm of the vocal cords.
C) Symptoms are relieved with OTC cough syrup.
D) Hospitalization is required for treatment.

Question 19

A sore throat is commonly caused by

A) Staphylococcus.
B) Streptococcus.
C) HBV.
D) H. influenzae.

Question 20

The first dose of MMR vaccine should be administered at what age?

A) 2 months
B) 4 months
C) 12 months
D) 4 years

Question 21

Children with cystic fibrosis develop steatorrhea because

A) lipase is absent from the pancreas.
B) they eat too much protein.
C) they have an inherited defect that prevents carbohydrate metabolism.
D) the infection damages the villi of the small intestine.

Question 22

Which of the following theories discusses the preoperational stage that is characterized by language development?

A) Jean Piaget's developmental theory
B) Lawrence Kohlberg's theory
C) Psychosocial approach of Erik Erikson
D) Sigmund Freud's theory about human behavior

Question 23

During which phase of growth does a child gain almost half of his or her adult weight, and the skeleton and organs double in size?

A) Toddler phase
B) Preschool phase (3 to 6 years)
C) School-age period (6 to 12 years)
D) Adolescent period (12 to 18 years)

Question 24

What is the best method of preventing Reye's syndrome?

A) Fluid intake should be monitored during a viral disease.
B) Reye's syndrome is an inherited disorder; it cannot be prevented.
C) Children with viral infections should not be given aspirin products.
D) Parents should immediately report a sore throat accompanied by a rash.

Question 25

Possible signs that an adolescent may be considering suicide include

A) sexual promiscuity.
B) a very active social life.
C) giving away prized objects.
D) Both A and C

Question 26

By age 3, the child's vocabulary consists of

A) up to 900 words.
B) between 900 and 2,000 words.
C) more than 2,000 words.
D) mainly cooing, crying, and speaking first words.

Question 27

Which statement is true about children with bronchiolitis?

A) Parental cigarette smoking may contribute to the problem.
B) Antibiotics should be prescribed immediately to prevent the development of pneumonia.
C) The symptoms are similar to those of asthma.
D) It is associated with frequent episodes of otitis media.
E) Both A and C are true.

Question 28

Treatment recommendations for children with otitis media include which of the following?

A) The prescription of antibiotics should be delayed for 48 to 72 hours.
B) Children 6 to 24 months old who show no improvement in symptoms within 48 hours should be prescribed antibiotics.
C) Antibiotics should be ordered for 10 to 15 days to make sure the infection has cleared.
D) Myringotomies should be performed routinely for children with allergy-related otitis media.

Question 29

Denver II developmental screening tests should be given when?

A) Age 3 to 4 months
B) Age 10 months
C) Age 3 years
D) All of the above

Question 30

Failure to thrive may be diagnosed if

A) the child has cystic fibrosis.
B) a problem exists with the parent-child relationship.
C) the child is below the 3rd percentile for weight.
D) All of the above

Question 31

Which statement is true about bacterial meningitis?

A) It can be treated with antibiotics, so it is not a serious infection.
B) One type can be prevented by the Hib vaccine.
C) Symptoms include a rash across the trunk of the body.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 32

Growth and development in children is determined by which of the following factors?

A) Nutritional status
B) Parental and/or caregiver factors
C) Presence of disease
D) Environmental factors
E) All of the above

Question 33

Cystic fibrosis is diagnosed with a sweat test, which reveals

A) a genetic defect in the skin structure.
B) a lack of sodium chloride in the sweat.
C) an elevated chlorine level.
D) deposits of potassium in the lungs.

Question 34

When is skeletal growth in girls complete?

A) Between ages 15 and 16
B) Between ages 17 and 18
C) When the growth plates of the long bones of the extremities have fused completely
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above

Question 35

Which child should be seen in the office today?

A) The child who has had more than six stools in the past 36 hours
B) The child with a fever of 101° F (38.5° C)
C) The child who has not slept well for 2 nights
D) The child whose parent reports that she has a rash, which is not itchy

Question 36

Medications that may be prescribed for children who have asthma symptoms two or more times a week include which of the following?

A) Proventil
B) Advair Diskus
C) Ventolin
D) Relenza

Question 37

The varicella vaccine usually is administered to children in which age group?

A) 6 months
B) 12 to 18 months
C) Newborns (first dose)
D) Preschool age

Question 38

Which of the following immunizations is administered IM?

A) Varicella
B) Hep B
C) Rotavirus
D) Pneumococcal
E) Both B and D

Question 39

Indicators of dehydration in children do not include which of the following?

A) Lack of tears
B) Fewer wet diapers
C) Severe abdominal cramps
D) Weight loss

Question 40

Cystic fibrosis is caused by

A) pancreatic disease.
B) a mother who carries the gene and passes it to her son.
C) an infection of the pulmonary system.
D) an altered gene carried by both parents.

Question 41

The Hib vaccine prevents _____________.

Question 42

Which of the following inherited disorders is an X-linked genetic disease that causes progressive muscle degeneration and usually develops between 3 and 5 years of age?

A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
C) Reye's syndrome
D) None of the above

Question 43

Studies have shown that a child who is obese between the ages of ___________ has an 80% chance of becoming an obese adult.

A) 2 and 4
B) 4 and 8
C) 8 and 12
D) 10 and 13

Question 44

Which of the following is commonly recommended for children with pediatric diarrhea and/or dehydration?

A) Pedialyte or Infalyte in small amounts
B) Soft drinks, juices, or sports drinks
C) BRAT diet
D) OTC antidiarrheal medications
E) All of the above

Question 45

What is the leading cause of death and injury in adolescents?

A) Accidents
B) Suicide
C) Eating disorders
D) Obesity

Question 46

Which of the following infectious diseases is caused by parvovirus B19 with outbreaks most common in the winter and spring?

A) Conjunctivitis
B) Tonsillitis
C) Fifth disease
D) Hand-foot-and-mouth disease

Question 47

Which of the following medications is used to cure influenza?

A) Antibiotics
B) Antiviral meds
C) Flu vaccine
D) None of the above

Question 48

The classic definition of __________ is a condition in which an infant between 2 weeks and 4 months of age has crying episodes that occur at least three times a week, last longer than 3 hours a day, and persist for at least 3 weeks.

Question 49

Strep infections that are left untreated can lead to

A) scarlet or rheumatic fever.
B) infections of the skin, bloodstream, or ears.
C) pneumonia.
D) All of the above

Question 50

Which of the following measurements are not included in most pediatric examinations?

A) Blood pressure
B) Pulse
C) Temperature
D) Height/weight/BMI
E) Head circumference

Question 51

An infant with a small head circumference for size and age may be diagnosed with _______________.

Question 52

_______________ is the medical term for the spaces covered by thick membranes between the sutures of an infant's skull.

Question 53

___________ is diagnosed when a child has two or more watery or apparently abnormal stools within 24 hours.

Question 54

Which of the following is a viral inflammation of the larynx and the trachea that causes edema and spasm of the vocal cords?

A) Croup
B) Pertussis
C) Bronchiolitis
D) Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 55

__________ is a viral inflammation of the larynx and the trachea just beneath it that causes edema and spasm of the vocal cords.

Question 56

Which of the following infectious diseases is so contagious in its early stages that an exposed person who is not immune to the virus has a 70% to 80% chance of contracting the disease?

A) Varicella
B) Meningitis
C) Hepatitis
D) All of the above

Question 57

Updated clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of otitis include all of the following except

A) antibiotics for children 6 months or older who have severe signs and symptoms.
B) antibiotics for patients under 24 months experiencing nonsevere bilateral infections.
C) observation and follow-up within 48-72 hours in nonsevere symptoms in children over 6 months.
D) antibiotics should provide immediate relief from symptoms.
E) All of the above

Question 58

________________ is an inherited disorder, and both parents must be carriers.

Question 59

Which of the following vaccine responses should be reported to the physician immediately?

A) High fever
B) Swelling at the site of injection
C) Urticaria and breathing difficulties
D) Severe headache or convulsions
E) All of the above

Question 60

The medical term for pinkeye is _______________.

Question 61

Vaccines are _____________ so they trigger an immune response but do not cause the disease.

Question 62

Children with asthma typically have a productive cough with rales.

Question 63

You are responsible for making sure parents receive VIS forms when children are scheduled for immunizations. Summarize the guidelines for the use of these forms, including documentation procedures for the administration of vaccines.

Question 64

A 2-month-old infant is scheduled for immunizations. Which ones should the child receive and how should they be administered? The baby's father asks whether the vaccines will make his daughter sick. What can you tell him about the typical side effects of these vaccinations?

Question 65

One of the most serious health problems associated with cystic fibrosis is the formation of thick mucus in the bronchioles, which may lead to pulmonary obstruction.

Question 66

Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder passed from father to son.

Question 67

Appropriately screening telephone calls can be a major challenge in a pediatric practice. Provide three questions for each of the following complaints that could provide important information about the condition of the child:
• Pain
• GI upset
• Respiratory problems

Question 68

Newborns typically are given the first dose of HBV vaccine before they are discharged home.

Question 69

A child with a serious respiratory reaction to disease may make a shrill, harsh sound during inhalation with difficulty breathing; this is called ____________.

Question 70

___________ is the medical term for a congenital malformation that occurs during fetal development.

Question 71

The flu vaccine is recommended for any child age 3 months or older.

Question 72

Skeletal growth in girls is completed between 15 and 16 years of age and in boys between ages 17 and 18.

Question 73

A buildup of fluid in the middle ear is called ___________ otitis media.

Question 74

A partial airway obstruction from a buildup of secretions that sounds like continuous dry rattling is called ____________.

Question 75

Robert Payne, a 9-year-old patient, is being seen today for an acute asthma attack. His mother wants to know what she can do to prevent these episodes. Summarize for her a minimum of four triggers that might cause Robert's asthmatic reaction.

Question 76

Bacterial meningitis is much more serious than viral meningitis.

Question 77

Rescue inhalers are used for short-term prevention of bronchospasms in children.

Question 78

The medical assistant is not responsible for reporting child abuse to appropriate authorities.

Question 79

You have learned a great deal in this chapter about how to interact therapeutically with children of all ages. Summarize the therapeutic approaches for infants, school-age children, and adolescent patients.

Question 80

A child diagnosed with conjunctivitis can return to school after 24 hours of antibiotic treatment.