Deck 2: Ethics, Multicultural Competence, and the Positive Psychology and Wellness Approach

Question 1

Which of the following comes to mind in the case of Kendra?

A)Confidentiality
B)Counselor's competence
C)Diversity
D)All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Ethical codes aid the helping process by :

A)teaching and promoting the basics of ethical and appropriate practice.
B)serving as a mechanism to improve practice.
C)protecting clients by providing accountability.
D)all of the above.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

HIPAA is the acronym for:

A)Health Incorporated for Patients Assistance for Allstate.
B)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
C)Health Insurance for Patients from All Alliances.
D)Health Insurance Provided by Allstate to All.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the power relationship between client and counselor?

A)Human services professionals are aware that in their relationship with clients, power and status are equal.
B)Power aspects of dual or multiple relationships may impair professional judgment.
C)The very act of helping has power implications.
D)Awareness of and openness to talking about power issues is an appropriate way to improve client relations.

Question 5

Ethical codes promote professional empowerment by assisting professionals and professionals-in-training to:

A)maintain good practices.
B)protect the client.
C)enhance the profession.
D)all of the above.

Question 6

Which of the following is an ethical imperative to accomplish when you are a trainee meeting with a new client for the first time?

A)Prepare for the session carefully and go over your plan with the supervisor.
B)Review ethical standards and agency policy.
C)Inform your client that you are in training and give the client the supervisor's name.
D)Work with the policy of your agency on this issue and only inform the client if that is their policy.

Question 7

Interviewers need to have "education and training, supervised experience, state and national professional credentials, and appropriate professional experience." This ethical standard relates primarily to:

A)competence.
B)informed consent.
C)confidentiality.
D)diversity.

Question 8

Counselors will practice only within the boundaries of:

A)competence.
B)education, training, and supervision.
C)professional credentials appropriate professional experience.
D)all of the above.

Question 9

Interviewers can predict that both they and their client will appreciate, gain respect, and learn from increasing knowledge in ethics and multicultural competence when the interviewer ________.

A)is an educated, qualified, and experienced professional
B)bases her behavior on an ethical approach with an awareness of diversity
C)is competent to address any and all multicultural issues
D)stays within the boundaries of multicultural guidelines and practice competencies

Question 10

When you observe and practice ethically and follow professional standards, you can anticipate:

A)more liability in your practice.
B)the client will recognize your power position within the relationship.
C)increased client trust and understanding of the interview process.
D)negative issues of social justice because justice is blind.

Question 11

Which of the following are legitimate ethical codes?

A)American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT) Code of Ethics
B)Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct
C)American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics
D)All of the above

Question 12

When does the counselor inform the client of purposes, goals, techniques, procedures, limitations, potential risks and benefits of the counseling process?

A)At the beginning of the counseling relationship
B)After the client agrees to a counseling relationship
C)Every other session without fail
D)Before counseling begins and at any time conditions change or new issues are discovered

Question 13

Informed consent refers to:

A)providing clients with clear and adequate information about what is happening in the interview and informing them about your own competence.
B)telling the client halfway through the interview about their rights.
C)too many people avoiding this critical issue.
D)honestly discussing multicultural difference between counselor and client.

Question 14

Counselors practice only within the boundaries of their competence based on:

A)education and training.
B)supervised and appropriate professional experience.
C)state and national professional credentials.
D)all of the above.

Question 15

______ is the "cornerstone of the counseling relationship."

A)Trust
B)Warmth
C)Openness
D)Skill

Question 16

"How does it feel, being a woman, to talk to me about this issue, as I am a man?" Discussing this issue is part of the ethical area of:

A)informed consent.
B)social justice.
C)competence (boundaries).
D)power.

Question 17

The need for appropriate supervision is most basic to which ethical area?

A)Competence
B)Informed consent
C)Confidentiality
D)Power

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a key element of HIPAA's Privacy Rule described in the book?

A)Protected health information
B)Who is covered by the Privacy Rule
C)De-identified health information
D)All of the above

Question 19

As it relates to client rights and informed consent, which one of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Throughout the counseling process as appropriate, counselors inform clients of goals, techniques, limitations, and risks and benefits.
B)Clients have the right to participate in counseling planning and the right to refuse services.
C)Clients are informed of the therapy plan outlined by an experienced therapist and follow it with little deviation.
D)Counselors make sure clients understand fee collection arrangements, record keeping, and limits to confidentiality.

Question 20

Informed consent means:

A)informing your clients about your training and background and possible dual relationships.
B)going over the purposes, goals, limitations, and possible benefits of counseling.
C)obtaining permission to audiotape an interview.
D)all of the above.

Question 21

"If I am promoted, I can be confident that my co-workers won't think it was because of my gender." This is an example of:

A)socioeconomic privilege.
B)White privilege.
C)female privilege.
D)male privilege.

Question 22

Blaming:

A)is not needed in our work with traumatized clients.
B)has an upsetting effect in clients.
C)has a calming effect in clients.
D)all of the above.

Question 23

The Guidelines for Multicultural Competence focuses on:

A)awareness, knowledge, and skills required for all practice, research, and training.
B)ethical statements for effective multicultural work.
C)an adopted set of absolute rules for counselors and psychologists.
D)culturally specific treatment methods.

Question 24

"I have enough financial reserves that I can handle a major car problem without a large financial crisis." This is an example of:

A)White privilege.
B)heterosexual privilege.
C)middle-class privilege.
D)male privilege.

Question 25

"I can go shopping alone most of the time, pretty well assured that I will not be followed or harassed." This is an example of:

A)White privilege.
B)heterosexual privilege.
C)middle-class privilege.
D)male privilege.

Question 26

A student intern in an agency helps a homeless client find a place to stay over the night and goes with that client to make sure they can get in.The supervisor feels this behavior is inappropriate and allows the client to get too close to the counselor.The supervisor feels that this is a violation of boundaries.The student's professor feels that the student made the right decision.The conflict between supervisor and professor's beliefs represents which of the following two key ethical issues?

A)Informed consent vs.competence (boundaries)
B)Confidentiality vs.competence boundaries
C)Power vs.social justice
D)Social justice vs.competence boundaries

Question 27

"I am not taught to fear walking alone after dark in average public places." This is an example of:

A)White privilege.
B)heterosexual privilege.
C)middle-class privilege.
D)male privilege.

Question 28

Multicultural competence includes:

A)awareness.
B)knowledge.
C)skills.
D)all of the above.

Question 29

Dual relationships can be complicated primarily because of which type of ethical issue?

A)Competence
B)Power
C)Social justice
D)Multiculturalism

Question 30

Naming:

A)is basic to work with traumatized clients.
B)helps normalize clients reactions.
C)has a calming effect.
D)all of the above.

Question 31

"Multicultural guidelines and competencies' Dimension 1: Be aware of your own assumptions, values, and biases." Based on this, which one of the following contributes to your ability to become more self-aware?

A)Develop a specialty practice by immersing yourself in every detail of daily life for one or two cultural groups at a time.
B)Consider yourself as a cultural being and recognize your own limitations.
C)Rather than consider each client as unique, focus on the common behaviors that the person before you may have in common with the cultural group to which they belong.
D)Achieve complete multicultural knowledge through study and experience.

Question 32

Diversity and multiculturalism have become central to the helping professions.Which one of the following statements is a recognized ethical standard?

A)Human service professionals provide services without discrimination or preference.
B)Human service professionals are knowledgeable about the cultures and communities within which they practice.
C)Human service professionals are aware of their own cultural backgrounds and their potential for impact.
D)All of the above.

Question 33

Working with a friend of yours in a practice session presents the possibility of:

A)making it difficult to keep things confidential.
B)their failing to understand informed consent issues.
C)having a more honest and open discussion than usually occurs.
D)dual relationships.

Question 34

The concept that dual or multiple relationships [between a client and counselor] may lead to exploitation of clients and impair professional judgment is most closely related to which of the following issues?

A)Privacy
B)Confidentiality
C)Power
D)Social Impact

Question 35

"If I should move, I can be pretty sure that I can rent or purchase housing in an area that I can afford and in which I want to live." This is an example of:

A)White privilege.
B)heterosexual privilege.
C)male privilege.
D)Christian privilege.

Question 36

"Multicultural guidelines and competencies' Dimension 2: Understand the worldview of the culturally different client." According to this, which one of the following contributes to your ability to comprehend the worldview of diverse clients?

A)Traditional approaches to counseling theory and skills apply with similar results to all cultural groups.
B)Your study and experiences will enhance your confidence in cross-cultural counseling.
C)If you hold inaccurate stereotypes, you must listen and learn respect for how your client interprets humanity and the world.
D)The impacts of socioeconomic factors and other oppressive forces may vary some among cultural groups, but overall the impacts are similar.

Question 37

Dual relationships are virtually certain to exist in all BUT which of the following?

A)Conducting a microskills practice session with a classmate
B)Conducting a microskills practice session with a family member
C)Conducting counseling with a person in your community of 1,000 individuals
D)Conducting counseling with a person in your community of 10,000 individuals

Question 38

According to the authors, if your first helping lead seems to be ineffective with a culturally different client, you need to be ready to:

A)explain what you are doing and try again.
B)say it again, but using different clearer words.
C)try another helping lead.
D)try silence as perhaps this client needs time to think and respond.

Question 39

Past research has found that ____________ percent of minority clients do NOT return to counseling after a first session?

A)10%
B)20%
C)35%
D)50%

Question 40

Which one of the following statements is NOT true of multicultural competence?

A)Every skill, strategy, and helping theory is examined for its cultural appropriateness.
B)Interviewers learn their own limitations in cultural expertise and seek supervision as necessary.
C)Helping professionals specialize and become proficient in single culture counseling and therapy.
D)Helping professionals make a lifelong commitment to learning the multicultural base of practice.

Question 41

____ has-have empirically identified 17 dimensions of wellness with very practical implications for helping interviewers and clients to assess strengths.

A)Ivey and Ivey (2005)
B)Myers and Sweeney (2004, 2005)
C)Zalaquett (1991)
D)Leona Tyler (1961)

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT one of Elaine Fox suggestions for clients with midly pessimistic attitudes?

A)Take power naps during the day.
B)Make a daily list of positive and negative events.
C)Aim for three positive experiences for each negative one.
D)Exercise every day.

Question 43

The TAP axis does NOT include:

A)the thorax.
B)the thalamus.
C)the anterior cingulate cortex.
D)the prefrontal cortex.

Question 44

The 17 empirical dimensions of wellness are used as a practical assessment for identifying client strengths.This assessment ____.

A)is oriented toward optimal health and well-being, where body, mind, and spirit are integrated
B)prevents you and your clients from engaging in behaviors that do not contribute to positive growth
C)increases your chances to save somebody's ailing marriage by engaging the upset spouse in health improving activities
D)none of these

Question 45

Which is NOT an effective way to gain better understanding of those who are culturally different from you?

A)Informing your clients that you will need to learn about their culture from them during the interview.
B)Visiting Pow-wows and other cultural celebrations.
C)Shadowing or going with a friend of a different culture through the day
D)Getting to know people different from you in a personal way.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT part of optimism?

A)An expectation that things will work out
B)A sense of personal weakness
C)A belief that you will learn from difficulties
D)A belief in the future

Question 47

In cross-cultural counseling, try another helping lead with the client when:

A)the first lead proves ineffective in producing the expected client response.
B)the client is slow to respond.
C)the client presents multiple topics of concern.
D)the original client issue has been resolved.

Question 48

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Resilience is the actual ability to bounce back from difficulty.
B)Optimism is the actual ability to bounce back from difficulty.
C)Resilience is the imagined ability to bounce back from difficulty.
D)Optimism is not related to resilience.

Question 49

Which of the following illustrates the importance of neuroscience for counseling and therapy?

A)Counseling can change the brain.
B)Stress has an impact on the brain.
C)Neuroscience support counseling work.
D)All of the above.

Question 50

Effective client interviews are built on all BUT which of the following choices?

A)Professional ethics
B)Multicultural sensitivity
C)Accurate issue reporting
D)Finding specifics for client action

Question 51

Mark Pope, Cherokee Nation and Past-President of the American Counseling Association, noted all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)Counselors are now being trained fully to meet multicultural competencies.
B)We are all committed to the dignity and value of each individual.
C)Each of us is a multicultural being.
D)We need to address our own issues of prejudice.

Question 52

Multicultural guidelines and competencies expound on 3 dimensions; Dimension 3: Develop appropriate intervention strategies and techniques.Which one of the following contributes to your ability to develop appropriate intervention strategies and techniques?

A)Create respect and trust by remaining politically correct at all times.
B)Expand your knowledge with traditional strategies and newer, diversity sensitive methods.
C)Use traditional counseling strategies proven appropriate over time.
D)Keep appropriate records and documentation of client therapy.

Question 53

Which of the following statement is FALSE?

A)Fear enables us to swerve to avoid an accident.
B)Fear enables us to duck when a baseball heads toward our head.
C)Fear enables us to jump when we score a point.
D)Fear enables us to run when we see danger.

Question 54

Which of the following represents particularly important issues for beginning interviewers?

A)Confidentiality, power, gender and racial topics, social justice, accurate reporting
B)Competence, power, client issues and concerns, analysis and documentation
C)Competence, informed consent, confidentiality, power, social justice, diversity
D)Informed consent, client issues and concerns, social justice, accurate billing

Question 55

Which of the following is seen as the most basic emotion?

A)Anger
B)Fear
C)Surprise
D)Disgust

Question 56

The HPA axis does NOT include:

A)the thorax.
B)the hypothalamus.
C)the pituitary gland.
D)the adrenal glands.

Question 57

Awareness, knowledge, skills, and action are:

A)essential to master counseling skills.
B)key components of Ivey, Ivey, and Zalaquett's teaching model.
C)critical to work effectively with clients different from you.
D)all of the above.

Question 58

The prime storehouse of positive emotions is the:

A)thalamus.
B)amygdala.
C)cingulate cortex.
D)frontal cortex.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT true regarding a strength-based wellness model?

A)The model builds on the client's strengths and assets.
B)The model emphasizes the individual origin of symptoms.
C)The model leads to a more egalitarian and empathic relationship in the counseling.
D)The model places the client in the role of an active and engaged agent.

Question 60

The initial stage of therapy includes a process that might be called exploration of resources.The counselor pays little attention to personality weaknesses and is most persistent in trying to locate ways of coping with anxiety and stress, already existing resources that may be enlarged and strengthened once their existence is recognized. This is a description of ____.

A)positive psychology
B)a wellness approach
C)Leona Tyler's 1961 "positive approach to change"
D)an example of how to ignore client problems

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of the wellness assessment?

A)Spirituality
B)Gender identity
C)Social class identity
D)Cultural identity

Question 62

Which one of the following statements is true as it relates the Indivisible Self Model?

A)A problem in one discrete element within the model impacts only that element.
B)A positive change in one discrete element within the model impacts only that element.
C)Any problem or positive change in one part of the total system affects all other parts of the system.
D)Only a positive change in one discrete element within the model will impact all other parts.

Question 63

Exercise is a recommended preventive treatment for:

A)blood flow.
B)cognitions.
C)neurogenesis.
D)all of these.

Question 64

Paying attention to strengths in the client involves all EXCEPT which of the following language systems?

A)Positive psychology
B)Wellness approach
C)Positive asset search
D)Drawing out the client's story fully and carefully

Question 65

Dual relationships occur when the client is involved in multiple social relationships.

Question 66

The word disorder places the problem in the client and, as a result, external causes tend to be ignored in treatment.

Question 67

Emphasis on positives within counseling, human services, psychology, and social work may be known by all EXCEPT which of the following terms?

A)Positive psychology
B)Concrete theoretical approach
C)Wellness approach
D)Positive asset search

Question 68

A wellness assessment that includes study of local issues such as community, larger institutions, and even global issues that affect the individual is considering:

A)the individual client thinking on key issues that affect her or him.
B)contextual issues.
C)issues that are unimportant to client develop.It is essential to focus solely on the client in the session.
D)how to impart political opinions on the part of the counselor in an appropriate manner.

Question 69

Which of the following statements best describes the application of the wellness approach?

A)It is important to focus on and resolve client problems, issues and concerns; it is the reason they choose counseling.
B)Counseling, human services, psychology, and social work have a long tradition of helping clients solve problems.
C)Locate the ways clients cope with anxiety and stress, already existing resources that may be enlarged once their existence is recognized.
D)The field of psychology emphasizes the disease model and focuses on damage repair.

Question 70

Which of the following wellness dimensions or elements are you trying to assess when you ask, "What strengths do you draw from as a female or male?"

A)The coping self
B)The social self
C)The essential self
D)The creative self

Question 71

PTSD places the cause in the client; PTSR places the cause in the environment.

Question 72

Which of the following is the first step in the development of an intentional wellness plan?

A)Summarizing wellness strengths
B)Appraising areas for improvement
C)Establishing one or two goals
D)Contracting for action

Question 73

Political correctness represents another type of naming and blaming.

Question 74

"Do no harm to your clients; treat them responsibly with full awareness of the social context of helping" summarizes the essence of ethical codes.

Question 75

There are two major types of social justice action mentioned in the book: action in the community and action in the session.

Question 76

Which one of the following wellness dimensions or elements are you trying to assess when you ask, "Can you understand and support another's emotional experience and become attuned to the way this person experiences the world?"

A)The creative self
B)The physical self
C)The essential self
D)The coping self

Question 77

Which of the following wellness dimensions or elements are you trying to assess when you ask, "How well do you take normal precautions and avoid risky or harmful behavior?"

A)Control
B)Work
C)Exercise
D)Self-Care

Question 78

According to the Privacy Rule, one of the ways to de-identify information is by a formal determination by a qualified statistician.

Question 79

Which of the following are described by the authors as contextual factors that we need to consider in client wellness assessment?

A)Control, realistic thinking, and positive humor
B)Family, neighborhood, and community
C)Use of leisure, stress management, and exercise
D)Spirituality, gender identity, and cultural identity

Question 80

The wellness model refers to self-in-relationship, the person-in-community, and individual-in-social context.Which of the following is also true of the wellness model?

A)Self is divisible; clients may work on issues independent of other issues.
B)Individuals have no impact on their surrounding context.
C)Any change in any part of self affects the total individual, but not others.
D)Any change in any part of self affects the total individual and others as well.