Deck 9: Sexuality and the Life Cycle: Childhood and Adolescence

Question 1

Which of the following is true of self-stimulation?

A)Children are not equipped to stimulate themselves physically until puberty.
B)Children are able to bring themselves to orgasm through self-stimulation.
C)Boys who stimulate themselves before adrenarche are capable of ejaculating.
D)Self-stimulation in infants is a pathological problem according to scientists.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following terms characterizes the nature of infants and young children?

A)Altruistic
B)Analytic
C)Egocentric
D)Selfless

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Four-year-old Eric accidentally walks in on his parents engaging in sexual intercourse.The psychological term for this experience is:

A)resolving the Electra complex.
B)witnessing the primal scene.
C)witnessing castration anxiety.
D)resolving the Oedipal complex.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following did Freud believe to be true of children witnessing the primal scene?

A)He believed it could inhibit their subsequent psychosexual development.
B)He believed it helped them lead normal and healthy sex lives as adults.
C)He believed it helped them overcome any fears they had over the act of intercourse.
D)He believed it had a positive effect on their psychosexual development.

Question 5

Freud used the term _____ to refer to the period of childhood following the resolution of the Oedipus complex.

A)Electra complex
B)oral fixation
C)adrenarche
D)latency

Question 6

Which of the following is true of interviewing young children about their sexuality?

A)Interviewing children about their sexuality is the commonest form of obtaining such data.
B)Interviewing children about their sexual experiences does not raise ethical or moral issues.
C)More children report sexual experiences to interviewers than to impersonal, talking computers.
D)More children report sexual experiences to talking computers than during personal interviews.

Question 7

Some children first learn about heterosexual behavior by seeing or hearing their parents engaging in sexual intercourse.This is referred to as:

A)experiencing sexual awakening.
B)resolving the Electra complex.
C)resolving the Oedipus complex.
D)witnessing the primal scene.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of sexual encounters between children around the age of 4 or 5?

A)Children tend not to exhibit any sexual curiosity during this age.
B)Sexual encounters during this age generally involve looking at or touching each other's genitals.
C)Sexual encounters during this age generally involve the oral stimulation of each other's genitals.
D)Sexual encounters during this period are a sign of abnormality.

Question 9

_____ is a psychological term which refers to the development of an individual from birth through old age.

A)Individual anthropogenesis
B)Adrenarche
C)Individualization
D)Lifespan development

Question 10

Which of the following is true of the psychological "attachment" that infants form soon after birth?

A)The bond typically begins to dissipate when the infant stops breast-feeding.
B)The stability of these bonds affects a person's capacity for emotional attachment later in life.
C)The bond extends to everybody the infant comes into contact with, no matter how briefly.
D)The stability of these bonds has no bearing on the psychological development of the infant.

Question 11

According to Freud, which of the following is true about the period of latency?

A)It follows the resolution of the Oedipus complex.
B)It marks the beginning of the Electra complex.
C)It is a period during which children's sexual urges increase.
D)It is a period during which boys become mother-fixated.

Question 12

The capacity of the human body to display a sexual response:

A)begins only at the onset of puberty.
B)always begins at the end of menarche.
C)exists only in sexually active adults.
D)exists reflexively in fetuses.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of masturbation in children?

A)It is a rare phenomenon, occurring in less than 1 percent of the population.
B)It is a dangerous phenomenon and a sign of abnormal behavior.
C)It is learned behavior and is encouraged by most societies.
D)It is relatively common and is not an indicator of pathology.

Question 14

Which of the following is considered to be a potentially harmful method of obtaining information on the sexual behavior of children?

A)Asking adults to recount sexual experiences from their childhood.
B)Observing the sexual behavior of children directly.
C)Documenting the childhood experiences of commercial sex workers.
D)Documenting the childhood experiences of convicted sex offenders.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of sexuality in children?

A)Sexual urges manifest themselves only during puberty.
B)Male infants are physiologically incapable of having erections.
C)The capacity of the human body to show a sexual response is present from birth.
D)All infants are born insensate and do not respond to sensual stimuli until age 5.

Question 16

Boys are not capable of _____ before puberty.

A)ejaculation
B)erection
C)vasocongestion
D)self-stimulation

Question 17

In preschool years, children's sex play is largely motivated by _____.

A)fear
B)unhappiness
C)curiosity
D)anger

Question 18

_____ first expressed the notion that children, even infants, have sexual urges and engage in sexual behavior.

A)Alfred Kinsey
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Helen Kaplan
D)Anthony Comstock

Question 19

Which of the following is true of the scientific data available on the sexual behavior of young children and adolescents?

A)Obtaining data on the sexual behavior of children is a process that raises no ethical issues.
B)Participants in studies conducted on adolescents are seldom representative of the population.
C)There is very little scientific information available on the sexual behavior of adolescents.
D)Scientific information on the sexual behavior of children can also be obtained from adults.

Question 20

What does contemporary research tell us about children witnessing the primal scene?

A)Most children tend to be emotionally disturbed for life.
B)Most children grow to hate or fear their parents.
C)Most children find the experience amusing or embarrassing.
D)Most children find the experience traumatic.

Question 21

Which of the following does research indicate about masturbation in girls?

A)Girls typically begin to masturbate earlier than boys.
B)Girls masturbate more frequently than boys on average.
C)Girls are incapable of stimulating themselves unaided before puberty.
D)Girls typically learn about masturbation through accidental self-discovery.

Question 22

Adrenarche:

A)occurs after puberty.
B)stimulates the production of sex hormones.
C)halts the production of sex hormones.
D)occurs during puberty.

Question 23

Which of the following does research indicate about masturbation in boys?

A)Boys typically begin to masturbate earlier than girls.
B)Boys generally masturbate less frequently than girls.
C)Boys are incapable of stimulating themselves unaided.
D)Boys are unable to achieve true erection before puberty.

Question 24

Which of the following is a result of adrenarche?

A)Increased levels of androgens
B)Increased levels of cortisol
C)Decreased levels of androgens
D)Decreased levels of androsterone

Question 25

Freud believed that during the period of latency:

A)girls become father-fixated and are hostile toward their mothers.
B)boys become mother-fixated and are hostile toward their fathers.
C)children become obsessed with and flaunt their own sexuality.
D)children's sexual urges go "underground" and are not expressed.

Question 26

According to the American Psychological Association, _____ is a phenomenon that desensitizes people toward being objectified.

A)sexualization
B)fetishism
C)heteronormativity
D)homonormativity

Question 27

Which of the following has research found to be true of adrenarche?

A)It is a biological process that occurs after puberty.
B)It is an abnormal functioning of the adrenalin glands.
C)It is linked with early sexual experiences in children.
D)It involves the suppression of androgen levels.

Question 28

_____ is a form of social grouping in which males play and associate with other males and females play and associate with other females.

A)Homonormativity
B)Socio-gender stratification
C)Socio-cultural apartheid
D)Gender-segregated social organization

Question 29

Because of the social environment she was raised in, Susan believes that male-female pairings are the norm.This is an example of _____.

A)homonormativity
B)sexual imperialism
C)heteronormativity
D)sexual stratification

Question 30

According to the American Psychological Association, _____ is a growing sociocultural trend which leads to sexuality often being improperly imposed upon a child.

A)sexualization
B)fetishism
C)heteronormativity
D)sexual imperialism

Question 31

Seven-year-old Patrick believes that girls have "cooties." He, along with the other boys in his class, always stays away from them.This exemplifies:

A)gender-segregated social organization.
B)the Oedipal complex.
C)the Electra complex.
D)latency.

Question 32

Which of the following is true of masturbation during childhood?

A)Children are physiologically incapable of masturbating.
B)Boys who masturbate before puberty are unable to achieve erections.
C)Girls who masturbate before puberty are unable to achieve orgasms.
D)Children who masturbate before puberty are capable of orgasming.

Question 33

_____ is the maturation of the adrenal glands during childhood, resulting in increased secretion of androgens.

A)Androgyny
B)Adrenarche
C)Adrenogenesis
D)Androglossia

Question 34

_____ refers to the belief that the only pattern of sexual behavior considered normal and acceptable occurs between members of opposite genders.

A)Homonormativity
B)Sexual imperialism
C)Heteronormativity
D)Sexual stratification

Question 35

Preadolescents typically:

A)integrate themselves well with members of the opposite gender.
B)display an aversion toward members of their own gender.
C)engage in sexual exploration with same-gender peers.
D)express very little curiosity about their own sexual parts.

Question 36

According to research, children typically hear about heterosexual intercourse during _____.

A)toddlerhood
B)infancy
C)preadolescence
D)late adolescence

Question 37

What does contemporary research say about Freud's views on the latency period?

A)Evidence corroborates Freud's belief that children lose interest in sexuality during this period.
B)Evidence suggests that the expression of children's sexuality remains lively during this period.
C)Evidence indicates that children are fixated on parents of the same gender during this period.
D)Evidence shows that children are hostile toward parents of the same gender during this period.

Question 38

A major concern of parents and educators is _____; a sociocultural trend which encourages children to value themselves by their sex appeal.

A)homonormativity
B)sexual imperialism
C)heteronormativity
D)sexualization

Question 39

Which of the following is a sociocultural trend that induces children to equate physical attractiveness with sexiness?

A)Heteronormativity
B)Sexual imperialism
C)Sexualization
D)Fetishism

Question 40

Sexual exploration during childhood is frequently between members of the same gender because:

A)all children are born with homosexual instincts; they are only normalized during adrenarche.
B)children tend to spend less time talking to or playing with members of their own gender.
C)children tend to be suspicious of and stay away from members of the opposite gender.
D)all children are born with homosexual instincts; they are only normalized during puberty.

Question 41

Which of the following is true of the attitude toward adolescent masturbation today?

A)Masturbation is rare and considered a sign of abnormal behavior.
B)Masturbation is recommended as a remedy in sex therapy.
C)Masturbation is thought to lead to insanity by the medical community.
D)Masturbation is considered permissible in girls but not in boys.

Question 42

According to the theoretical model proposed by Udry, the relative levels of _____ in boys and girls is the strongest biological factor linked to adolescent sexuality.

A)melatonin
B)dopamine
C)progesterone
D)testosterone

Question 43

Which of the following has research discovered to be true of the media's effect on adolescent behavior?

A)A higher use of sexually explicit materials in adolescents is linked with higher sexual satisfaction.
B)Exposure to media content increases viewers' sense of self-efficacy for engaging in sexual behavior.
C)Media portrayals tend to discourage irresponsible behavior in adolescents, like frequent, casual sex.
D)Media content has little or no impact upon the sexual behavior, beliefs, and attitudes of adolescents.

Question 44

Which of the following is the result of the sexualization of girls?

A)Adolescent girls tend to have high self-esteem as a result of sexualization.
B)Girls evaluate their worth by their achievements and not their attractiveness.
C)Girls tend to objectify each other as easily as they objectify themselves.
D)Girls in their late teens tend to broaden the range of their career aspirations.

Question 45

Which of the following does data suggest about intercourse during adolescence?

A)Patterns of adolescent sexuality differ substantially across the world.
B)Culture has little or no effect upon patterns of adolescent sexuality.
C)Adolescents are fully aware of the dangers of STIs and list them as a primary reason for abstaining from intercourse.
D)Adolescents who have a strong affiliation with religious institutions tend to engage in intercourse before age 15.

Question 46

Which of the following is a factor responsible for sexualization?

A)Adolescents being comprehensively educated on sexuality
B)Using provocatively dressed models to sell a company's products
C)Providing students with more media literacy programs
D)Limiting children's access to television

Question 47

Heterosexual behavior is generally a progression beginning with kissing, then petting, moving on to oral sex, and then to penis-in-vagina intercourse.These behaviors tend to follow _____.

A)sexual imperialism
B)a sexual script
C)homonormativity
D)a gender sequence

Question 48

Which of the following has an adverse effect on the responsibleness of adolescents toward sexual intercourse?

A)Religious institutions which prescribe intercourse only within the bounds of marriage.
B)Unrealistic media portrayals which indirectly encourage casual, unprotected sex.
C)Co-education schools that don't segregate sexes strictly.
D)Easier access to contraceptives and information on safe-sex.

Question 49

As a result of sexualization, young adolescents are:

A)more likely to be satisfied with their body.
B)less likely to evaluate each other by their sex appeal.
C)less likely to equate physical attractiveness with sexiness.
D)more likely to engage in unprotected sex.

Question 50

Which of the following is true of adolescent sexuality according to the theoretical model proposed by Udry?

A)The level of testosterone in boys has no direct impact upon their sexuality.
B)The hormones that affect the sexuality of young girls the most is estrogen.
C)The effect of testosterone is muted among girls in father-absent families.
D)The teenager's attachment to conventional institutions impacts his/her sexual attitude.

Question 51

_____ results when girls are treated like sexual objects by peers, family, teachers, or other adults.

A)Sexualization
B)Homonormativity
C)Fetishism
D)Sexual imperialism

Question 52

Which of the following is true of sexualization?

A)It stunts the sexual development of children during adolescence.
B)It discourages children from objectifying themselves and others.
C)It encourages children to value themselves by their achievements.
D)It leads to young people being dissatisfied with their appearances.

Question 53

Which of the following is a vehicle of sexualization?

A)A National Geographic program on the mating habits of beetles.
B)A reality show which teaches young boys and men how to cook.
C)A television program featuring prepubescent girls competing in a beauty pageant.
D)A news channel which airs a series of debates on gender equality.

Question 54

Which of the following trends does data suggest to be true after examining the patterns of premarital intercourse over the last four decades?

A)Adolescents tend to engage in intercourse at an earlier age now than they did 40 years ago.
B)Adolescents tend to engage in intercourse at a later age now than they did 40 years ago.
C)The number of adolescents choosing to refrain from premarital intercourse hasn't changed.
D)The number of unmarried adolescent mothers has not changed.

Question 55

Which of the following is true of recent studies on adolescents and masturbation?

A)Kinsey's report on adolescent masturbation shows that girls don't masturbate.
B)Adolescents tend to masturbate at an earlier age now than they did in the past.
C)Frequent masturbation was believed to be beneficial in the early 20^th century.
D)Masturbation in adolescents is uncommon and a sign of abnormal behavior.

Question 56

The most frequently occurring type of explicit sexual behavior on primetime television is:

A)heterosexual intercourse between married couples.
B)unmarried heterosexual intercourse.
C)homosexual behavior between males.
D)homosexual behavior between females.

Question 57

Udry found that girls were most likely to be sexually active if they had high levels of testosterone and:

A)also attended church regularly.
B)came from father-absent families.
C)had not experienced puberty yet.
D)had poorly developed figures.

Question 58

The manifestation of sexualization in Western society has been linked to:

A)a larger number of young women turning to cosmetic surgery.
B)a decline in the popularity of provocative clothing.
C)a marked rise in the self-esteem of young adolescents.
D)broadened career aspirations of young girls.

Question 59

Which of the following is the result of the sexualization of boys?

A)Boys tend to be more aggressive and objectify girls.
B)Boys tend to evaluate themselves by their academic achievements.
C)Boys do not define the attractiveness of girls by their sex appeal.
D)Boys tend not to evaluate themselves by their attractiveness.

Question 60

Which of the following does research indicate about sexual activity between adolescents?

A)Adolescents often link sexual experience with social status.
B)Adolescents seldom seek sexual intimacy with each other.
C)Fewer adolescents are sexually active today than they were 40 years ago.
D)Most adolescents lose their virginity at a later age today than they did 40 years ago.

Question 61

Which of the following is true about online communication through social networking sites and Instant Messaging?

A)It provides more auditory cues than direct forms of communication.
B)It stimulates disclosure of more personal information.
C)It increases a person's concern about how other people will react to them.
D)It reduces social integration and connection.

Question 62

Which of the following is true of sexting?

A)Research has found that all adolescents engage in sexting.
B)Sexting can have serious legal consequences.
C)Sexting is an urban legend.
D)Sexting is the primary reason why adolescents join social networking sites.

Question 63

Which of the following factors has research linked to a greater incidence of early intercourse?

A)Attending church regularly
B)Having limited access to mass media
C)Living with biological parents
D)Having a poor relationship with both parents

Question 64

Which of the following is true of romantic relationships during adolescence?

A)They have no significant impact upon the psychological health of the adolescent.
B)They are the context within which sexual activity usually takes place.
C)They have no impact upon the development of the adolescent.
D)They provide few opportunities for adolescents to engage in sexual intercourse.

Question 65

Paige sends nude pictures of herself to her boyfriend.This is an example of _____.

A)sexual imperialism
B)gender imperialism
C)homonormative behavior
D)sexting

Question 66

Which of the following does research suggest is true of social networking sites?

A)Adolescents tend to be less cautious when disclosing personal information on social networking sites.
B)Few adolescents on social networking sites make compromising material of themselves accessible online.
C)Social networking sites have declined in popularity, especially with adolescents and young adults.
D)Social networking sites provide adolescents with a very limited medium through which they can express themselves.

Question 67

Which of the following describes hookup sex?

A)Sporadic, unromantic sex between two casual friends
B)Frequent intercourse between two lovers
C)Casual, unplanned intercourse between two strangers
D)Irregular intercourse between a married couple

Question 68

Which of the following is true of masturbation in college students?

A)Men tend to stop masturbating once they reach college.
B)Women tend to stop masturbating once they reach college.
C)A large number of students report masturbating in their college years.
D)A negligible number of students report masturbating in their college years.

Question 69

Which of the following has research found to be true of teen pregnancies?

A)The cycle of teen pregnancy is often passed from one generation to the next.
B)The incidence of teen pregnancies in the US has risen drastically over the last 50 years.
C)Few teen pregnancies occur amongst girls belonging to minority groups.
D)The incidence of teen pregnancies in the US hasn't changed over the last 50 years.

Question 70

Which of the following is true of the incidence of teen pregnancies?

A)It is equal across all socioeconomic groups.
B)It is higher in richer sections of society.
C)It is higher in low-income families.
D)It is lower in minority groups.

Question 71

In many countries around the world:

A)the incidence of sexual intercourse in adolescence has risen.
B)the incidence of sexual intercourse in adolescence has declined.
C)boys under 12 no longer masturbate.
D)girls over 12 no longer masturbate.

Question 72

Which of the following is a consequence of teenage pregnancy?

A)Teen pregnancies have a negative impact upon the country's economy.
B)Children born to teenage mothers are less likely to be sexually active early in life.
C)Teen pregnancies lead to a more stable family life in minority groups.
D)Children born to teenage mothers are less likely to be juvenile delinquents.

Question 73

How can society effectively deal with teen pregnancy?

A)By segregating children more strictly in school and monitoring their behavior.
B)By replacing coed educational institutions with same-gender institutions.
C)By providing teen mothers with a way to continue their education after given birth.
D)By limiting access to contraceptives in order to discourage premarital sex.

Question 74

Which of the following does research indicate is the major reason teenagers maintain online profiles on social networking sites?

A)To showcase their artistic abilities
B)To access music and movie databases
C)To hunt for job opportunities
D)To keep up with friends

Question 75

Which of the following has research found to be true of children born as a result of teen pregnancies?

A)Girls born to teenage mothers are less likely to be pregnant themselves during their teen years.
B)Children born as a result of teenage pregnancies often exhibit behavioral problems.
C)Children born as a result of teenage pregnancies are typically sexually active late in life.
D)Boys born to teenage mothers typically have good academic records.

Question 76

Research has found that relationships during adolescence:

A)are seldom, if romantic, the context within which sexual activity takes place.
B)help adolescents learn the scripts needed to sustain long-term intimate relationships.
C)have little or no impact upon the psychological development of young adolescents.
D)have little or no impact upon the academic performance of young adolescents.

Question 77

Which of the following statements about the legal repercussions of circulating nude photos on the Internet is true?

A)Transmission of nude photos and videos of a person is not a felony if the pictured person is under 16 years of age.
B)Persons who produce and transmit child pornography are guilty of committing a felony under the federal law.
C)Possession of child pornography is not considered a crime, though its manufacture and distribution is.
D)Federal law ignores the manufacturing and distribution of pornographic materials involving underage individuals.

Question 78

Which of the following does research indicate to be true of adolescent intercourse across cultures?

A)America has the lowest number of adolescents reporting intercourse among the developed nations of the world.
B)America has a lower number of adolescents reporting intercourse than in Latin American countries.
C)The percentage of girls who report intercourse is lower in Latin American countries than in African nations.
D)The percentage of adolescents who report intercourse is the same across all countries of the world.

Question 79

_____ refers to a sexual encounter that involves people who are strangers or brief acquaintances, without an expectation of forming a committed relationship.

A)Homonormativity
B)Sexual servicing
C)Going steady
D)Hooking up

Question 80

The Blackberry Project indicated that:

A)sexting is an urban legend.
B)sexting is very common among adolescents.
C)sexting is not a normative behavior for adolescents.
D)sexting occurs most frequently in preteens.