Deck 1: Sexuality in Perspective

Question 1

Over the centuries, the _____ have believed that sexual intercourse was one of the finest pleasures of life.

A)Victorians
B)Muslims
C)Catholics
D)Protestants

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Richard von Krafft-Ebing had a special interest in _____.

A)normative sexuality
B)pathological sexuality
C)nonhuman sexual behavior
D)sexually transmitted diseases

Answer 2

B

Question 3

For the ancient Greeks, the norm of sexuality in their society was:

A)persecution of homosexuals.
B)homosexuality.
C)open participation in both heterosexuality and homosexuality.
D)open heterosexuality and hidden homosexuality.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following scientists discovered sperm swimming in human semen?

A)Henry Havelock Ellis
B)Oskar Hertwig
C)Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D)Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Question 5

_____ was the author of "Studies in the Psychology of Sex."

A)Richard von Krafft-Ebing
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Magnus Hirschfeld
D)Henry Havelock Ellis

Question 6

Identify the early sex researcher who coined the concepts of sadism, masochism, and pedophilia.

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Magnus Hirschfeld
C)Henry Havelock Ellis
D)Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Question 7

The first institute of sexual research was founded by:

A)Alfred Kinsey.
B)Richard von Krafft-Ebing.
C)Henry Havelock Ellis.
D)Magnus Hirschfeld.

Question 8

According to the text, sexual behavior is defined as:

A)penis-in-vagina intercourse.
B)the behavior that is chiefly associated with reproduction.
C)the behavior that produces arousal and increases the chance of orgasm.
D)the sexual activity that is associated with masculine and feminine roles in some way.

Question 9

Which of the following scientists first observed the actual fertilization of the egg by the sperm in sea urchins?

A)Henry Havelock Ellis
B)Oskar Hertwig
C)Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D)Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Question 10

Which of the following was an accomplishment of early sex researcher Magnus Hirschfeld?

A)He established the first journal on the study of sex.
B)He was the first to observe the ovum in humans.
C)He coined the terms heterosexuality and homosexuality.
D)He was the founder of psychiatry and psychoanalysis.

Question 11

Which of the following researchers pioneered modern sex research by combining medical and anthropological information about sexuality?

A)Richard von Krafft-Ebing
B)Henry Havelock Ellis
C)Magnus Hirschfeld
D)Sigmund Freud

Question 12

The early sex researchers of the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries began their research in the Victorian Era, a cultural context that is best described as:

A)rigid and oppressive.
B)hedonistic.
C)liberal.
D)similar to that of the ancient Greeks.

Question 13

According to the "Malleus Maleficarum," the person who had wet dreams was guilty of:

A)incestuous relations.
B)unsafe sexual practices.
C)homosexuality and bestiality.
D)sodomy and witchcraft.

Question 14

Fifteenth-century Christians believed that nocturnal emissions resulted from:

A)intercourse with spirits.
B)hidden homosexual behavior.
C)sexual dreams.
D)weak control over the body.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about Henry Havelock Ellis?

A)He was a psychologist by profession.
B)He believed that women, like men, are sexual creatures.
C)He urged the society to reject sexual deviations.
D)He was primarily interested in the study of sexually-deviant behaviors.

Question 16

Which of the following societies openly acknowledged homosexuality and heterosexuality?

A)The ancient Greeks
B)The 20^th-century Chinese
C)The 15^th-century Christians
D)The Victorian Europeans

Question 17

Identify the Viennese physician who contributed to our understanding of the psychological aspects of human sexuality and who is also credited as the founder of psychiatry and psychoanalysis.

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Oskar Hertwig
C)Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D)Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Question 18

The prevailing values and norms toward sexuality during the Victorian era (late 1800s and early 1900s) emphasized:

A)sexual permissiveness for both sexes.
B)aberrant and obscene sensuality.
C)sexual repression.
D)sexual fulfillment.

Question 19

According to the text, the term _____ specifically refers to the state of being male or female.

A)sexual anatomy
B)gender
C)sexual behavior
D)sex

Question 20

"Psychopathia Sexualis" was authored by:

A)Richard von Krafft-Ebing.
B)Henry Havelock Ellis.
C)Magnus Hirschfeld.
D)Sigmund Freud.

Question 21

_____ is the tendency to regard one's own ethnic group and culture as superior to others and to believe that its customs and way of life are the standards by which other cultures should be judged.

A)Ethnomethodology
B)Ethnology
C)Ethnocentrism
D)Ethnicity

Question 22

Which of the following is cross-culturally true with regard to the relationship between sexual expression and the infliction of pain?

A)People in most societies bite their partners to the point of drawing blood.
B)Inflicting pain on the partner during sexual intercourse is a strict taboo in most societies.
C)It is common in most societies for the woman to inflict pain on the man.
D)Most commonly, both men and women mutually inflict pain on each other.

Question 23

The media's constant stereotypical depiction of good-looking people as being happier, healthier, more successful, and living more glamorous lives causes many young viewers to overestimate the importance of physical appearance in real life.Which of the following types of media influence is best described in this example?

A)Agenda setting
B)Ethnocentrism
C)Cultivation
D)Brainwashing

Question 24

_____ refers to the traditional ideas and values passed down from generation to generation within a group and transmitted to members of the group by symbols.

A)Civilization
B)Culture
C)Evolution
D)Development

Question 25

A group of twelve engineering students from California travel to China for an extended study tour.While staying there, the students realize that the Chinese have a completely different understanding of sexual expression.Couples rarely hug or kiss in public places, advertisements of products related to sexuality are few, and sexual content in the media is heavily censored.The students experience a conflict between how sexuality is perceived in America and China.Which of the following concepts best explains this conflict?

A)Xenocentrism
B)Ethnocentrism
C)Huo yin yang
D)Ambivalent sexuality

Question 26

_____ refers to the idea that the media define what is important and what is not by which stories they cover.

A)Agenda setting
B)Cultivation
C)Ethnocentrism
D)Schematization

Question 27

Avid viewers of TV soap operas may begin to believe that sexual intercourse between unmarried individuals is mainstream because this is the most frequently shown sexual activity on these programs.This process is an example of:

A)sexual repression.
B)cultural diversity.
C)agenda setting.
D)cultivation.

Question 28

In the 20^th century, a study looking at the physiology of sexual response was conducted by:

A)Alfred Kinsey.
B)Masters and Johnson.
C)Margaret Mead.
D)Bronislaw Malinowski.

Question 29

In communications theory, _____ is the idea that the media provide role models whom we imitate.

A)agenda setting
B)cultivation
C)ethnocentrism
D)social learning

Question 30

In a particular year, news channels extensively report the high-profile divorce of a celebrity, while providing very little coverage of a hurricane in the country.Thus, stories concerning the lives of celebrities are given more importance by the media than the destruction of lives and property in a natural calamity.This is an example of:

A)social learning.
B)brainwashing.
C)agenda setting.
D)cultivation.

Question 31

A television network only telecasts shows that specifically carry sensationalized stories on the lives of the rich and the famous and their sexual exploits.This is an example of:

A)social learning.
B)agenda setting.
C)brainwashing.
D)cultivation.

Question 32

_____ refers to the view that exposure to the mass media makes people think that what they see in the media represents the mainstream of what really occurs.

A)Agenda setting
B)Cultivation
C)Ethnocentrism
D)Collectivism

Question 33

Since its inception in the late 1800s, the scientific study of sex has been:

A)characterized by a unified approach.
B)an interdisciplinary effort among several scientific disciplines.
C)dominated primarily by religious views of sexuality.
D)enthusiastically supported in even the most conservative societies.

Question 34

Fiona is a teenager in high school and a fan of a TV show that centers on the lives of a group of rich socialites.She emulates the characters so much that even her wardrobe resembles that of the female leads on the show.This is an example of:

A)agenda setting.
B)brainwashing.
C)indoctrination.
D)social learning.

Question 35

_____ refers to a regulation prohibiting sexual interaction between blood relatives.

A)Kinship taboo
B)Incest taboo
C)Oedipal taboo
D)Electra complex

Question 36

In the American society, a woman with a slim figure is considered to be more attractive than a woman who is plump or overweight.However, for members of certain other cultures, the exact opposite might be true.This difference can be related to the concept of:

A)familismo.
B)cultivation.
C)machismo.
D)ethnocentrism.

Question 37

Incest taboo is:

A)nearly universal.
B)predominantly a Western concept.
C)weaker now than a century ago.
D)promoted by the media in a mainstream society.

Question 38

Most societies are consistent in:

A)recommending that masturbation be taught to children.
B)encouraging masturbation if done in private.
C)condemning masturbation more when it is performed by men.
D)showing some disapproval of adult masturbation.

Question 39

One of Magnus Hirschfeld's special areas of interest in the study of human sexuality was:

A)the sexual response cycle.
B)pedophilia.
C)homosexuality.
D)masochism.

Question 40

The frequency of sexual intercourse varies considerably across societies.Most societies:

A)encourage people to indulge in a variety of deviant sexual activities.
B)have restrictions against intercourse at certain times or in certain situations.
C)encourage individuals to have sexual intercourse as frequently as possible.
D)discourage married couples from having sexual intercourse on a regular basis.

Question 41

Sex education is nonexistent and there seems to be no knowledge of French kissing, mouth stimulation of erotic parts, or homosexuality in the _____ culture.

A)Inis Beag
B)Greek
C)Mangaian
D)Ponapean

Question 42

Which of the following is one of the defining factors that make the sexuality of Blacks somewhat different from that of whites?

A)The influences of the Judeo-Christian tradition
B)The gender roles of machismo and marianismo
C)The legacies of the Victorian era
D)The current economic and social conditions

Question 43

Which of the following is the second most prohibited type of sexual activity across all cultures?

A)Extramarital sex
B)Premarital sex
C)Incest taboo
D)Same-gender sexual activity

Question 44

The key to understanding the differences and similarities in sexuality among ethnic groups in the United States is the:

A)cultural context of the different groups.
B)opportunity for sexual activities.
C)biological differences among the groups.
D)the birth rate prevalent in the country.

Question 45

Which of the following is a general rule with regard to the standard of attractiveness?

A)An attractive woman is a thin woman.
B)A poor complexion is unattractive.
C)A plump woman is considered unattractive.
D)Having small ears and nose is considered attractive.

Question 46

Which of the following is a reason for lower marriage rates among African Americans?

A)There is unequal gender ratio among blacks, with men being the majority.
B)African American men face obstacles in finding gainful long-term employment.
C)Most African American women prefer not to get married.
D)African Americans are more concerned with building their careers than starting families.

Question 47

When sexual behavior is examined across cultures, the type of sexual activity that is the most strictly forbidden is:

A)homosexuality.
B)incest.
C)extramarital sex.
D)premarital sex.

Question 48

According to the 2000 census, the ethnic groups with the lowest ratio of men to women in American society are the:

A)non-Hispanic whites.
B)African Americans.
C)Latinos.
D)Asian Americans.

Question 49

Among the Nawa women of Africa, it is considered attractive to have _____ labia majora.

A)hairy
B)elongated
C)tattooed
D)small

Question 50

According to a research based on social class variations and sexuality, which of the following women is most likely to terminate a pregnancy by abortion?

A)Millie, a high school drop-out
B)Joan, a high school diploma holder
C)Sandra, a college sophomore
D)Kelly, a master's degree holder

Question 51

Which of the following is true of sexuality on the island of Mangaia?

A)Premarital sex is essentially unknown.
B)Masturbation is the only form of sexual activity undertaken.
C)Foreplay is limited to kissing and fondling of the buttocks.
D)Boys learn about cunnilingus from male experts.

Question 52

African American women and white women are most similar in the percentage of those who have:

A)masturbated in the last year.
B)performed oral sex.
C)had two or more sexual partners in the last 12 months.
D)had abortions.

Question 53

Which of the following societies have the lowest frequency of sexual intercourse?

A)Inis Beag
B)Mangaia
C)Ponape
D)Eastern Polynesia

Question 54

Which of the following is true with regard to homosexuality?

A)It is found only in certain societies.
B)Same-gender sexual behavior is nearly universal across societies.
C)Outside the Western world, it tends to be the predominant form of sexual behavior for adults.
D)Attitudes toward homosexuality vary little across cultures.

Question 55

Which among the following is a Latino cultural value that emphasizes the importance of one's nuclear and extended family in matters such as support, loyalty, solidarity, and family honor?

A)Lineage
B)Kinship
C)Familismo
D)Ancestry

Question 56

Even when extramarital sex is permitted, it is subjected to regulations.Identify the most common pattern of restriction.

A)Extramarital sex is allowed as long as the married individuals are discreet about their infidelities.
B)Extramarital sex is allowed for wives in case they have no children.
C)Extramarital sex is allowed for husbands but not wives.
D)Extramarital sex is allowed when the couple is middle-aged.

Question 57

Which of the following is a general rule with regard to same-gender sexual behavior?

A)Across the world, there is little variation in attitudes toward same-gender sexual expression.
B)Same-gender sexual behavior is now accepted by all the major world religions.
C)Most societies in the world actively encourage homosexual behavior.
D)Same-gender sexual behavior is never the predominant form of sexual behavior for adults in any of the societies studied.

Question 58

Identify the type of sexual contact that is most strictly forbidden.

A)A married woman having sexual intercourse with someone other than her husband.
B)A woman having sexual intercourse with another woman.
C)Sexual relations between married individuals.
D)Sexual relations between a father and a daughter.

Question 59

Researchers have found that on the island of Mangaia:

A)female orgasm is thought to be nonexistent or deviant.
B)older women and men instruct young boys in sexual matters.
C)older men instruct young girls in sexual matters.
D)after their mid-forties, men and women abstain from sex.

Question 60

Which of the following accounts for lower marriage rates among African Americans?

A)The unequal ratio of men to women
B)The repressive culture as a legacy of the Victorian era
C)The greater incidence of same-sex sexual behavior
D)The higher rate of abortions than any other ethnic group

Question 61

Which among the following is a similarity between the Latin American and Asian American culture?

A)Open expression of emotions among men and women is discouraged in both societies.
B)Men and women of both these cultures are considered to be promiscuous.
C)Family is given significant importance in both cultures.
D)Asian American women and Latino women have more sexual freedom than their male counterparts.

Question 62

The cultural code of machismo in the Latin American culture:

A)includes an emphasis on male virginity until marriage.
B)mandates that the man be responsible for his family's well-being and honor.
C)advocates males' sexual exclusivity within marriage.
D)holds no significance among the newer generation of Latinos.

Question 63

Which of the following groups have the lowest incidence of same-sex sexual behavior?

A)The non-Hispanic whites
B)The African Americans
C)The Latinos
D)The Asian Americans

Question 64

Which of the following is a core Asian value governing sexual behavior?

A)Racism
B)Communism
C)Constructivism
D)Collectivism

Question 65

The marriage rate and abortion rate among Latinos:

A)is much greater than that of African Americans.
B)is greater than that of Asian Americans.
C)is approximately equal to that of whites.
D)is lesser than that of whites.

Question 66

Because of core values that include collectivism, conformity to norms, and emotional control, Asian Americans, as an ethnic group, tend to be the most _____ of the various ethnic groups in America.

A)permissive
B)liberal
C)conservative
D)progressive

Question 67

As part of a traditional Mexican family, Juanita knows that she must refrain from premarital sex.It would shame her family if she lost her virginity before she was married.This example illustrates the concept of _____ in Latino culture.

A)marianismo
B)machismo
C)familismo
D)huo yin yang

Question 68

Which of the following statements about American Indians is true?

A)American Indian women have experienced a greater visibility in the popular media than men.
B)American Indian men have been historically portrayed in the popular media as sexless, violent savages.
C)American Indian women have been less visible in the popular media than men.
D)American Indians have generally been well-represented in most major national sex surveys.

Question 69

Among Latinos, the cultural code that emphasizes virginity and the importance of motherhood is:

A)adultery.
B)machismo.
C)marianismo.
D)modern values.

Question 70

Among Latinos, the cultural code in its extreme form means that men's sexual infidelities should be tolerated.This code is known as:

A)adultery.
B)machismo.
C)marianismo.
D)modern values.

Question 71

China's severe overpopulation problem has led to a policy of permitting only one child per family.The survival of all Chinese is thought to rest on everyone's compliance with this policy.Which of the following attitudes, considered predominant among the Chinese, best explains the success of the one-child norm?

A)A negative attitude toward the use of birth control
B)An acceptance of sex with multiple partners
C)An acceptance of homosexuality
D)An acceptance of abortion

Question 72

In the traditional Latino culture, gender roles are epitomized by the concepts of machismo and marianismo, which:

A)tolerate premarital sex for both men and women.
B)discourage premarital sex for both men and women.
C)tolerate premarital sex for men and discourage it for women.
D)discourage premarital sex for men and tolerate it for women.

Question 73

Which of the following is a core Asian value that affects the sexual expression of Asian Americans?

A)Emotional unrestraint
B)Individualism
C)Conformity to norms
D)Sexual promiscuity

Question 74

Which of the following examples illustrates a core value in Asian culture?

A)A man who shows restraint in his expression of love and passion toward his wife.
B)A man who engages in sexual intercourse with multiple partners.
C)A woman who engages in an extramarital affair with a work colleague.
D)A woman who puts her own needs ahead of those of her family.

Question 75

Among the Chinese, _____ is the term used for sexual intercourse.

A)yin fu
B)yan ju
C)huo yin yang
D)yin yang

Question 76

David Chang, an Asian American, always tries to put the needs of others-especially those of his family-before his own.This illustrates the core Asian value of:

A)collectivism.
B)hedonism.
C)romanticism.
D)liberalism.

Question 77

In which of the following racial or ethnic groups are the members most likely to terminate a pregnancy by abortion?

A)The whites
B)The African Americans
C)The Latinas
D)The Asian Americans

Question 78

Cross-cultural studies of human sexual behavior show that:

A)enormous variation in behavior exists across cultures.
B)there is virtually no variation in behavior across cultures.
C)variation in behavior across cultures can be attributed to differences in biological makeup.
D)variation in behavior can be explained by how modern the society is.

Question 79

The traits of passivity, obedience, and weakness are most likely to be a part of the contemporary socialization of:

A)Latin American males.
B)African American females.
C)Latin American females.
D)White American females.

Question 80

The concept of family honor is particularly important to both:

A)Asian Americans and African Americans.
B)African Americans and whites.
C)Latin Americans and Asian Americans.
D)African Americans and Latin Americans.