Deck 8: Introduction to the Skeletal System

Question 1

Which osteon structure houses the cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes?

A)Endosteum
B)Periosteum
C)Perforating canals
D)Canaliculi

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What cells build the bone?

A)Chondroblasts
B)Osteoclasts
C)Osteoblasts
D)Fibroblasts

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is the term for the end of a long bone?

A)Epiphysis
B)Diaphysis
C)Medullary cavity
D)Epiphyseal plate

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Classify bone "a" based on shape.

A)Irregular bone
B)Short bone
C)Flat bone
D)Long bone

Question 5

Which cartilage type contains predominantly collagen fibers in its matrix?

A)Hyaline
B)Elastic
C)Fibrocartilage
D)Areolar cartilage

Question 6

Which type of cartilage holds the pubic bones together very tightly, providing strong support and resistance to pressure?

A)Areolar cartilage
B)Hyaline cartilage
C)Elastic cartilage
D)Fibrocartilage

Question 7

What structure is the outermost, dense covering around bone?

A)Endosteum
B)Epiphysis
C)Spongy bone
D)Periosteum

Question 8

What is found within the osteon's lacunae?

A)Hydroxyapatites
B)Osteoblasts
C)Osteocytes
D)Chondrocytes

Question 9

Which cartilage forms the epiphyseal plate?

A)Hyaline
B)Elastic
C)Fibrocartilage
D)Areolar cartilage

Question 10

Which cartilage attaches the ribs to the sternum?

A)Hyaline
B)Elastic
C)Fibrocartilage
D)Areolar cartilage

Question 11

Which structure lines the medullary cavity?

A)Endosteum
B)Periosteum
C)Spongy bone
D)Epiphysis

Question 12

What part of the chemical composition of bone gives it its exceptional hardness and ability to resist compression?

A)Mineral salts
B)Collagen fibers
C)Osteoid
D)Osteocytes

Question 13

Where is the red bone marrow located?

A)Compact bone
B)Diaphysis
C)Epiphyseal plate
D)Spongy bone

Question 14

How is the patella classified based on shape?

A)Irregular bone
B)Sesamoid bone
C)Long bone
D)Flat bone

Question 15

Which bone type is longer than it is wide?

A)Short bone
B)Long bone
C)Flat bone
D)Irregular bone

Question 16

Which cartilage forms the meniscus?

A)Hyaline
B)Elastic
C)Fibrocartilage
D)Areolar cartilage

Question 17

Which is a characteristic of all three types of cartilage?

A)The primary cell type is the fibroblast.
B)It helps anchor muscle to bone.
C)It lacks direct access to the blood supply.
D)The primary fiber type is elastic.

Question 18

Classify bone "c" based on shape.

A)Irregular bone
B)Short bone
C)Flat bone
D)Long bone

Question 19

How are the tarsals classified based on shape?

A)Flat bone
B)Irregular bone
C)Long bone
D)Short bone

Question 20

Which bone type is thin and plate-like?

A)Flat bone
B)Irregular bone
C)Sesamoid bone
D)Short bone

Question 21

Explain the difference between a meatus and a foramen.

A)A meatus is a canal through a bone, whereas a foramen is a hole in a bone.
B)A meatus is a fissure in a bone, whereas a foramen is a hole in a bone.
C)A meatus is an indentation in a bone, whereas a foramen is a depression in a bone.
D)There is no difference, they both refer to openings in bone.

Question 22

Where is the adipose-filled yellow bone marrow located?

A)Spongy bone of the epiphysis
B)Nutrient foramen
C)Epiphyseal line
D)Medullary cavity of diaphysis

Question 23

What structure anchors tendons to the outside of bones plus houses the cells required for bone growth, repair, and remodeling?

A)Medullary cavity
B)Articular cartilage
C)Periosteum
D)Endosteum

Question 24

How is the lacuna different from the canaliculus?

A)The canaliculus delivers the osteocyte to the lacuna.
B)The lacuna houses the osteocyte, whereas the canaliculus holds houses the cytoplasmic extension of the osteocyte.
C)The lacuna delivers blood to the canaliculus.
D)The canaliculus delivers blood to the lacuna.

Question 25

What effect does heat have on bone?

A)It breaks done the hydroxyapatite, leaving only the organic matrix.
B)It crystallizes the mineral salts into a smooth, solid surface.
C)It denatures the proteins, leaving only the inorganic matrix.
D)It denatures the collagen fibers and dissolves the mineral salts.

Question 26

What effect does acid have on bone?

A)It unravels proteins, leaving only the minerals behind.
B)It dissolves the minerals, leaving only the organic matrix.
C)It denatures the proteins and dissolves the mineral salts.
D)It kills the osteocytes, making the bone die.

Question 27

What can you conclude about the shared shape classification of the following bones: metatarsal, ulna, fibula, humerus, and tibia?

A)They are all long bones.
B)They are all irregular bones.
C)They are all flat bones.
D)They are all short bones.

Question 28

Where are the trabeculae located?

A)Within the osteon
B)Spongy bone
C)Epiphyseal plate
D)Compact bone

Question 29

Which of these terms best describes a sharp process?

A)Tuberosity
B)Trochanter
C)Epicondyle
D)Spine

Question 30

Hyaluronic acid is a component of the ________.

A)organic matrix
B)osteocyte
C)inorganic matrix
D)mineralized salts

Question 31

Which component of bone is dissolved by acids like vinegar?

A)Osteocytes
B)Organic matrix
C)Collagen
D)Mineralized salts

Question 32

How are interstitial lamellae different from the concentric lamellae?

A)Interstitial lamellae's osteocytes are not alive.
B)Interstitial lamellae are only found in spongy bone.
C)Interstitial lamellae are partial osteons located between the concentric lamellae of complete osteons.
D)Interstitial lamellae are not connected to the bone blood supply.

Question 33

Which component of bone provides flexible strength that resists tension?

A)Osteocytes
B)Organic matrix
C)Mineralized salts
D)Inorganic matrix

Question 34

-What is the function of the structure labeled "b"?

A)Houses the osteocytes
B)Houses cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes
C)Stores the calcium mineral salts
D)Transports blood along the length of the osteon

Question 35

Which of these terms best describes a small hole going through a bone?

A)Fissure
B)Protuberance
C)Foramen
D)Tubercle

Question 36

How do oxygen and nutrients reach the osteocytes supporting each osteon?

A)Oxygen and nutrients diffuse through the mineralized osteoid
B)Cytoplasmic extensions located in the canaliculi allow oxygen and nutrients to pass from cell to cell.
C)Perforating canals carry the blood between the periosteum and each osteocyte.
D)Dendritic cells move between the lamellae delivering oxygen.

Question 37

-Identify the structures labeled "d."

A)Central canal
B)Lamellae
C)Lacuna
D)Canaliculi

Question 38

Identify the structure labeled "c."

A)Central canal
B)Canaliculi
C)Lacuna
D)Lamellae

Question 39

Through what path would an oxygen molecule in an artery of the periosteum take to reach the central canal of the closest osteon?

A)Canaliculi
B)Haversian canal
C)Perforating canal
D)Endosteum

Question 40

Classify bone "e" based on shape.

A)Long bone
B)Short bone
C)Flat bone
D)Irregular bone

Question 41

Predict the locations of hyaline cartilage in the femur of a 10-year-old child.

A)Proximal epiphysis
B)Distal epiphysis
C)Epiphyseal plate
D)All of the choices are found in the femur of a 10-year old child.

Question 42

Blood vessels and nerves that lie perpendicular to the diaphysis of the femur would travel through what type of canal?

A)Perforating canal
B)Meatus
C)Central canal
D)Foramen

Question 43

If you identify an indentation in a bone that another bone structures fits (articulates)in, what is the bone marking (indentation)called?

A)Fossa
B)Facet
C)Fovea
D)Fissure