Deck 3: Chemistry

Question 1

What happens to blood hydrogen ion levels as carbon dioxide levels rise?

A)They go up.
B)They go down.
C)There is no change.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What does enzyme specificity mean?

A)Enzymes do not change or degrade after a reaction.
B)An enzyme is able to speed up several different chemical reactions
C)Enzymes can only bind to one type or shape of substrate .
D)Enzymes require a specific temperature and pH for optimum activity

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which is an example of surface tension?

A)Absorption of heat by the surface of a solution
B)Cohesion of water molecules at the air and water boundary of the alveolus
C)Hydrolysis reactions of water molecules and salts
D)Tendency for evaporation on the surface of a solution

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Dehydration synthesis is ________.

A)breaking of a chemical bond by adding a water molecule
B)creation of a chemical bond by removing a water molecule
C)creation of a chemical bond by adding a water molecule
D)breaking of a chemical bond by removing a water molecule

Question 5

Two water molecules are weakly attracted to each other when a slightly positive hydrogen atom in the first molecule is attracted to the slightly negative oxygen atom on the second molecule. What type of bond is this?

A)Ionic
B)Polar covalent
C)Nonpolar covalent
D)Hydrogen bond

Question 6

A solution with a pH of 13 is called ________.

A)alkaline
B)acidic
C)neutral
D)covalent

Question 7

A buffer will ________.

A)release hydroxide ions when the pH level rises
B)release hydrogen ions when the pH level rises
C)release hydrogen ions when the pH level drops
D)bind hydroxide ions when the pH level drops

Question 8

Which pH value is the most acidic?

A)5
B)7
C)12
D)2

Question 9

What happens when an acid and a base are mixed?

A)They form salts and water.
B)They release electrons and protons.
C)They neutralize a solution.
D)They buffer a solution.

Question 10

If a protein denature, then ________.

A)its primary structure is altered
B)it is linked with an enzyme and substrate
C)it has catalyzed a chemical reaction
D)it has unfolded and lost its three-dimensional structure

Question 11

An enzyme is a ________.

A)lipid
B)monomer
C)protein
D)carbohydrate

Question 12

Two hydrogen atoms share electrons equally between each other, forming a molecule. What type of bond is this?

A)Nonpolar covalent bond
B)Ionic bond
C)Hydrogen bond
D)Polar covalent bond

Question 13

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

A)Fatty acids
B)Monosaccharides
C)Amino acids
D)Glycerols

Question 14

When added to an acidic solution, what color will Bromecresol purple buffer turn the solution?

A)Blue
B)Yellow
C)Purple
D)Green

Question 15

The tendency for water molecules to stick or cling to another surface is called ________.

A)solubility
B)adhesion
C)cohesion
D)reactivity

Question 16

Water molecules rely on ________ to hold them together.

A)ionic bonds
B)hydrogen bonds
C)polar covalent bonds
D)nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 17

The pH scale ________.

A)measures the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
B)defines neutral as a pH of 5
C)ranges from 1 to 7
D)measures the salt concentration of a solution

Question 18

Which of the following structures represents the highest level of structural organization?

A)Cell
B)Molecule
C)Organelle
D)Atom

Question 19

What part of the atom is most critical for creating chemical bonds?

A)Nucleus
B)Protons
C)Electrons
D)Neutrons

Question 20

Water is called ________ because most molecules will dissolve in it.

A)the multidissolving solute
B)a solution
C)the organic solvent
D)the universal solvent

Question 21

Where does an enzyme bind to a substrate?

A)Acid monomer receptor
B)Active site
C)Distal edge
D)Receptor site

Question 22

How would an increase in hydrogen ions change the pH of blood?

A)Decrease it
B)Increase it
C)Would not change it

Question 23

A buffer is ________.

A)a substance that stabilizes pH
B)a protein that catalyzes a faster chemical reaction
C)a string of multiple peptides
D)a molecule that hydrolyzes sugar molecules

Question 24

Glycogen is a ________.

A)polysaccharide
B)monosaccharide
C)disaccharide
D)simple sugar

Question 25

As we exercise, our body produces heat through the process of cellular respiration. Although our body temperature does increase, the temperature change is slow and we are able to maintain a homeostatic temperature. Which property of water explains why our body temperature is slow to change?

A)Solubility
B)High heat capacity
C)High heat vaporization
D)Adhesion of water

Question 26

Why does an increase in carbon dioxide increase the quantity of hydrogen ions in blood?

A)When carbon dioxides dissolves in water, it releases hydroxides.
B)When carbon dioxide mixes with water, it loses two electrons.
C)When carbon dioxide mixes with blood, it slows the transfers of hydrogen ions.
D)When carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, it forms carbonic acid.

Question 27

Which solution is the most likely to have a pH of 3 or 4?

A)Baking soda
B)Coffee
C)Water
D)Bleach

Question 28

What happens to a protein that is exposed to acidic conditions?

A)It catalyzes.
B)It folds into a quarternary shape.
C)It denatures.
D)It reduces its pH.

Question 29

To expand our lungs, pleural fluid is secreted into the pleural cavity and allows the lungs to "stick to" the inside of the cavity. When the muscles contract, the cavity expands, pulling our lungs open so that we can bring air into the lungs. Which property of water is used to expand our lungs?

A)Reactivity
B)Cohesion
C)Adhesion
D)Solubility

Question 30

In a mixture of salt water, the salt is called the ________.

A)substrate
B)solvent
C)solute
D)solution

Question 31

Which solution would have the lowest concentration of hydrogen ions?

A)Solution with a pH of 5
B)Solution with a pH of 8
C)Solution with a pH of 3
D)Solution with a pH of 10

Question 32

Why is Bromecresol purple used when demonstrating the role of buffers?

A)It makes a solution more acidic.
B)It stabilizes the pH of solution.
C)It indicates if a solution has changed from an alkaline to an acidic pH.
D)It reduces the acidity of a solution.

Question 33

Which of these can release hydroxide ions?

A)Buffers
B)Bases and buffers
C)Bases
D)Acids

Question 34

Which level of organization is represented by an α-helix or β-pleated sheet?

A)Secondary
B)Primary
C)Tertiary
D)Quarternary

Question 35

Glucose is a ________.

A)disaccharide
B)monosaccharide
C)polysaccharide
D)polymer

Question 36

What tool would help you determine the hydrogen ion concentration of urine?

A)Deionized water
B)Refractometer
C)pH test strip
D)Bromecresol purple

Question 37

In general, when comparing the effectiveness of over-the-counter antacids to sodium bicarbonate, how effective was sodium bicarbonate at neutralizing the acidity?

A)It had no effect
B)It was a lot more effective
C)It was a lot less effective
D)It had similar effectiveness

Question 38

A patient's blood pH has dropped from a normal of 7.4 to a low of 7.25. Describe the patient's blood pH.

A)The blood pH is now basic (alkaline)
B)The blood pH is now acidotic.
C)The blood has too little hydrogen ion.
D)The blood pH is too high.

Question 39

What happens to lactose when mixed with lactase?

A)It more slowly bonds into disaccharides.
B)It folds more quickly into quarternary structures.
C)It slowly breaks down into monosaccharides.
D)It more rapidly breaks down into monosaccharides.

Question 40

When is hydrolysis used?

A)To remove water molecules from macromolecules
B)To merge smaller molecules into macromolecules
C)To break apart macromolecules
D)To remove ethanol molecules from macromolecules

Question 41

The action of many prescription drugs is to block the effects of enzymes by competitive inhibition. Explain what this means to your patient who is taking one of the drugs.

A)This drug helps by breaking down the enzyme.
B)This drug helps by blocking the binding of the substrate to the active site.
C)This drug helps by blocking the binding of the substrate by binding to the enzyme.
D)This drug helps by binding to the substrate instead of the enzyme.

Question 42

Much of the digestive system relies on the activity of enzymes. The stomach secretions include an enzyme (pepsin)along with HCl to reduce the pH in the stomach to a pH of 2. When the food moves into the small intestine, there are multiple secretions to raise the pH to 7. How would this pH change affect the activity of the stomach enzyme, pepsin?

A)It would increase the activity of pepsin
B)It would denature pepsin.
C)There would be no change in the activity of pepsin.
D)The active site would be increased.