Deck 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Jenny is in psychotherapy for an eating disorder.Her therapist is warm and supportive and can easily take her perspective.He encourages her to express her thoughts and feelings about her eating issues and does not judge or criticize anything she says.This therapeutic relationship is the basis for change,creating an environment where the client can be herself.This therapist is using a ________ therapeutic approach.

A) cognitive-behavioral
B) client-centered
C) mindfulness-based
D) psychoanalytic

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Hayley has a snake phobia.She has always avoided situations in which she may encounter a snake,and she will even avoid viewing pictures of them.If Hayley's therapist approaches her problem from a behavioral perspective,he may use:

A) cognitive restructuring.
B) exposure therapy.
C) reaction-prevention therapy.
D) rational-emotive therapy.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When you go to your therapist in an attempt to overcome your fear of heights,she asks you to lie on a couch and relax while you imagine slowly climbing up the steps of a ladder.She is using:

A) hypnotherapy.
B) creative visualization therapy.
C) flooding technique.
D) systematic desensitization.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Rajneesh decided that in order for him to lead a healthy and productive life,he needed to separate emotionally from his parents and give up their dreams of him becoming a doctor.When he was young,they always said,"We want you to be as successful as your brother,the doctor," even though Rajneesh showed no interest in medicine and instead preferred the arts.Problems like Rajneesh's,which deal with childhood attachment,interpersonal relationships,and early childhood experiences,might be best helped by treatment with:

A) client-centered therapy.
B) group therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) exposure therapy.

Question 5

Dallas believes that he will never be successful enough or likable enough.His friends tell him that he is too hard on himself,yet his beliefs persist.Dallas would benefit most from ________ because his beliefs about himself are both negative and inaccurate.

A) applied behavior analysis
B) psychoanalysis
C) cognitive restructuring
D) client-centered therapy

Question 6

Two mental health providers are choosing treatment approaches for two different patients.Patient A has schizophrenia,believed to be caused by brain dysfunction,and is being seen by Dr.Brahma,a psychiatrist.Patient B has a mild eating disorder,believed to be caused in part by inaccurate beliefs,and is being seen by Dr.Johnson,a clinical psychologist.Patient A will likely receive ________ treatment,and Patient B will likely receive ________ treatment,each being one of the major treatment approaches available to mental health professionals.

A) applied behavior analysis; cognitive therapy
B) cognitive therapy; psychodynamic therapy
C) biological treatment; applied behavior analysis
D) biological treatment; psychotherapy

Question 7

Which of the following phenomena do contemporary psychodynamic therapists NOT explore with their clients?

A) interpersonal relations and childhood attachments
B) cognitive distortions
C) traumatic experiences
D) recurring themes and patterns in thoughts and feelings

Question 8

Brendon believes that he is worthless,that other people do not like him,and that he will never have satisfying interpersonal relationships.To counteract this belief,Brendon's therapist says to him,"Brendon,I like and appreciate you.I enjoy interacting with you.What do you think of that?" Brendon says,"Well,if you like me,I guess it makes me think I am not such a bad person after all." In discussing these issues with his therapist,Brendon starts to think differently about himself.The therapist is using ________ with Brendon.

A) expressed emotion
B) reflective listening
C) cognitive restructuring
D) modeling

Question 9

Jeremy knows that the anxiety he experiences is abnormal.He thinks he may have generalized anxiety disorder.Jeremy does not have a lot of money,is in need of social support,and desires a structured therapy setting.In terms of psychological treatment,the best choice for Jeremy would be:

A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) client-centered therapy.
D) group therapy.

Question 10

A cognitive therapist would probably find it easiest to work with which of the following clients?

A) Jan,a woman who believes that she is being followed by people from another planet
B) Jordan,a woman who falsely believes that she is President of the United States
C) Jouma,a self-centered woman who believes that other people are not worthwhile and that her needs are the only important ones
D) Jamala,a woman who believes that she is worthless and unlovable

Question 11

Jake takes haloperidol to ease his hallucinations and delusional thinking.Haloperidol is considered:

A) a tranquilizing drug.
B) a psychedelic drug.
C) an endogenous opioid.
D) an antipsychotic medication.

Question 12

In behavior therapy,an important aspect of treatment is ________,and this is called ________.

A) eliciting the undesirable behavior so it can be punished; classical conditioning
B) getting the patient to model the correct behavior; operant conditioning
C) reinforcing desired behaviors; behavior modification
D) getting the patient to recognize the motives behind the maladaptive behavior; applied behavioral analysis

Question 13

In some cultures,it is more acceptable to say a person is "not feeling well" than to say the person "is feeling depressed." According to the discussion in your textbook,you would be correct if you assumed that cultures that have ________ probably have ________.

A) more words for psychological disorders; a low degree of cultural acceptance of those disorders
B) more words for psychological disorders; more people with serious psychological disorders
C) fewer words for psychological disorders; better resources to deal with stress and tension within the community
D) fewer words for psychological disorders; some cultural stigma attached to those disorders

Question 14

Which therapy is a legacy of the work of Ivan Pavlov?

A) exposure therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) insight therapy
D) dialectical behavior therapy

Question 15

Renaldo is a 20-year-old male who has shown some odd behaviors in the past but has always seemed mostly normal to others.Lately he has been hearing voices,seeing things that he knows cannot be real,and expressing paranoia about others' intentions.His family has noticed a dramatic change in Renaldo and fears he is going crazy.Considering current trends in treatment(s)for people with mental disorders,you would expect that Renaldo would ________ because ________.

A) receive at least two forms of biological treatment; biological treatments are synergistic and produce prolonged and profound effects when administered together
B) be put in inpatient care; distance from a dysfunctional family system will often reduce dysfunctional behaviors
C) receive both a biological treatment and a psychotherapeutic treatment; drugs can have an immediate impact,whereas psychotherapy can produce long-lasting behavioral changes
D) receive two forms of psychotherapy; each can deal with a specific problematic aspect of functioning (e.g.,one can deal with emotions,whereas the other can deal with delusional thinking)

Question 16

Jen is a college student who was diagnosed with depression last year; subsequently,she was given a prescription for Prozac.This year,she is studying abroad in India.When she sees an Indian doctor for a medication refill,she is likely to say that she is experiencing ________ because ________.

A) depression; the same symptoms of depression are recognized around the world
B) depression; Indian culture is sympathetic to the problem of depression
C) strain and tension; being depressed carries a social stigma in India
D) strain and tension; the medical establishment in India does not view depression as a mental health problem

Question 17

In contrast to insight therapies,behavioral therapy:

A) sees maladaptive behavior as the problem to be treated.
B) attempts to uncover the underlying conflict that gives rise to the maladaptive behavior.
C) encourages patients to express their emotions about their maladaptive behaviors.
D) focuses on the thoughts that lead to maladaptive behavior.

Question 18

If psychotherapy and biological therapy for a given mental disorder are found to be equally effective and only one therapy can be used:

A) psychotherapy should be used because it has no side effects.
B) psychotherapy should be used because it is easier to administer.
C) biological therapy should be used because it has longer-lasting effects.
D) biological therapy should be used because it is more cost-effective.

Question 19

Constanza just entered therapy for an eating disorder.She is starting to recognize how her role in the family affects her family members' treatment of her.She has started to consciously change some of her interpersonal behaviors; for example,she now stands up for herself when someone criticizes her.Accordingly,her parents are starting to treat her with more respect.The positive changes in the family's interactions makes sense if you look at the problem from a(n)________ perspective.

A) family cycle
B) expressed emotion
C) systems
D) self-esteem

Question 20

One of the limits of biological therapies in treating mental disorders is that:

A) such treatment may require long-term intervention.
B) almost all psychotropic drugs are habit forming.
C) they are more expensive than other forms of therapy.
D) they cannot be used with children.

Question 21

Antipsychotic drugs:

A) affect behavior but do little to affect cognition.
B) have some minor and reversible side effects.
C) reduce the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations.
D) are most helpful for treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 22

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors work by:

A) allowing serotonin to remain in the synapse.
B) facilitating the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron.
C) blocking serotonin's effects on the postsynaptic receptors.
D) converting serotonin to another chemical form.

Question 23

If Prozac did not increase the activity of ________,it would not be effective in treating depression.

A) GABA
B) glutamate
C) acetylcholine
D) serotonin

Question 24

In this form of treatment,electrical stimulation is delivered through electrodes implanted in the brain.

A) electroconvulsive therapy
B) deep brain stimulation
C) transcranial magnetic stimulation
D) transcranial direct-current stimulation

Question 25

Who is usually given credit for introducing psychosurgical treatments for mental disorders in the modern era?

A) Freud
B) Moniz
C) Gottman
D) Erikson

Question 26

This type of medication works by increasing the level of serotonin and other neurotransmitters in the brain.

A) anti-anxiety
B) antidepressant
C) antipsychotic
D) anticonvulsant

Question 27

Jaime has generalized anxiety disorder.Her psychiatrist gives her a psychotropic medication.The most likely action of this drug is to ________ activity.

A) increase GABA
B) increase dopamine
C) decrease norepinephrine
D) decrease serotonin

Question 28

________ was originally developed to treat the medical condition ________,but was found to be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression,as well.

A) Electroconvulsive therapy; Renaud's disease
B) Deep brain stimulation; Parkinson's disease
C) Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Huntington's disease
D) Prefrontal lobotomy; Tourette's syndrome

Question 29

According to your textbook,research on the placebo effect has shown that:

A) placebo treatments,unlike active treatments,are not associated with changes in brain activity.
B) placebo and active treatments are both associated with changes in brain activity,but in different areas.
C) placebo and active treatments are associated with similar changes in brain activity.
D) placebo effects are subjective,and thus cannot be investigated with brain imaging.

Question 30

Which of the following actions is NOT performed by at least one type of antidepressant?

A) increasing the action of monoamine oxidase
B) increasing the action of dopamine
C) increasing the action of serotonin
D) increasing the action of norepinephrine

Question 31

The use of tranquilizers to control anxiety disorders:

A) is problematic because many of these drugs are addictive.
B) is ideal because these drugs have only minor side effects.
C) increases the presence of an excitatory neurotransmitter.
D) is only appropriate in inpatient settings.

Question 32

Antipsychotic medications would not be effective if they did not:

A) block serotonin.
B) block dopamine.
C) enhance serotonin.
D) enhance dopamine.

Question 33

The fact that prehistoric people used to ________ means that ________.

A) engage in trepanning; people have always attempted to treat mental disorders
B) perform prefrontal lobotomies; people have always punished those with mental disorders
C) perform ritualistic cleansing; people have always attempted to treat mental disorders
D) provide electroconvulsive therapy; people have always punished those with mental disorders

Question 34

This treatment delivers a strong electrical current to the brain with the goal of reducing the symptoms of depression.

A) transcranial magnetic stimulation
B) deep brain stimulation
C) electroconvulsive therapy
D) electromagnetic therapy

Question 35

John is being treated with a biological therapy for a disorder.His side effects include twitching muscles in his neck and face.John probably has ________ and is being treated with ________.

A) depression; an older tricyclic
B) depression; transcranial magnetic stimulation
C) schizophrenia; a traditional antipsychotic
D) schizophrenia; deep brain stimulation

Question 36

What do the alternative biological (nondrug)treatments for psychological disorders primarily have in common?

A) They all overemphasize the role of free will in recovery.
B) They all involve surgical techniques.
C) They all attempt to directly alter brain functioning.
D) They all depend on behaviorist principles.

Question 37

Arianna has anxiety symptoms and has been prescribed an anti-anxiety medication.She will probably be prescribed ________,will experience an increase in ________ neurotransmitter activity,and may experience________.

A) Xanax; serotonin; drowsiness
B) Xanax; GABA; drowsiness
C) Risperdal; dopamine; facial tics
D) Risperdal; acetylcholine; facial tics

Question 38

Ramos has symptoms of panic disorder and has been prescribed the drug Xanax.Due to the medication,he is most likely to have side effects such as:

A) facial tics.
B) sexual dysfunction.
C) drowsiness.
D) white blood cell deficiency.

Question 39

Phoua has been severely depressed for the last year and has been hospitalized for the past three months because she is suicidal.Many of the "first-line" or typical treatments for depression have not been effective for Phoua,including cognitive therapy and drug therapy.The treatment most likely to be recommended in this case is:

A) institutionalization.
B) electroconvulsive therapy.
C) a prefrontal lobotomy.
D) a combination of deep brain stimulation and an atypical antipsychotic medication.

Question 40

The use of ________ declined starting in the 1950s with the development of ________ for serious mental disorders.

A) medication; trepanning
B) electroconvulsive therapy; medication
C) medication; electroconvulsive therapy
D) prefrontal lobotomy; medication

Question 41

Talisa is a college student and is seeking mental health services on her campus.She will most likely be seen by a(n):

A) school psychiatrist.
B) educational psychologist.
C) counseling psychologist.
D) psychiatric social worker.

Question 42

This type of provider has earned a medical degree and can prescribe medication.

A) counseling psychologist
B) psychiatrist
C) social worker
D) clinical psychologist

Question 43

Anxiety hierarchies are used in:

A) systematic desensitization.
B) rational-emotive therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) humanistic therapy.

Question 44

When a tranquilizer is used to treat a phobia:

A) the brain is rewired in such a way as to reduce the phobic response.
B) the client fares better in the long-term than with other treatments.
C) the phobia returns when the drug is no longer administered.
D) the side effects of the drug are often worse than the phobia itself.

Question 45

A friend reports that he is constructing a fear hierarchy regarding his fear of heights for use in his next therapy session.He is likely suffering from:

A) hallucinations related to schizophrenia.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) depression.
D) a specific phobia.

Question 46

Dr.Prajna treats patients with anxiety and mood disorders.She bases her therapeutic techniques and medication choices on recent scientific literature.She uses only treatments that have been shown to be effective in large,double-blind,controlled clinical trials.Dr.Prajna's views are similar to those of ________,who emphasized the use of ________.

A) Carl Rogers; humanistic treatment guidelines
B) Aaron Beck; theory-based treatment guidelines
C)B.F.Skinner; behavior-based treatments
D) David Barlow; evidence-based treatments

Question 47

This type of provider deals primarily with adjustment problems that do not involve mental illness.

A) clinical psychologist
B) psychiatrist
C) counseling psychologist
D) social worker

Question 48

Across most of the anxiety disorders,it has been shown that the best treatment approach typically is:

A) the use of drugs specifically developed to deal with the disorder.
B) psychodynamic therapy.
C) the use of appropriate drugs in combination with client-centered therapy.
D) cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 49

Counseling psychologists typically differ from clinical psychologists in that they:

A) cannot prescribe drugs.
B) do not have a Ph.D.
C) are less likely to deal with the mentally ill.
D) work in hospital settings.

Question 50

This professional has earned a Ph.D.or a Psy.D.and works with individuals who are suffering from mental illness.

A) counseling psychologist
B) psychiatrist
C) social worker
D) clinical psychologist

Question 51

David Barlow and other clinical and research psychologists have argued that:

A) psychologists should always use evidence-based treatments with their clients.
B) the research community should be more open to alternative treatments,even if the treatments have little validation.
C) treatment techniques should be developed in the "real" world rather than in the psychological laboratory.
D) psychological theory should be the most important factor guiding the selection of treatment for a particular condition.

Question 52

An evidence-based approach to psychological treatment would lead one to favor ________ for a wide variety of psychological disorders.

A) cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) primal scream therapy
D) deep brain stimulation

Question 53

A friend of yours is having serious mental health problems,and you recommend that he see a therapist.What factor should be foremost among your considerations in making a recommendation?

A) the type of therapy that the therapist uses
B) the therapist's qualifications to treat that disorder
C) whether the therapist can prescribe drugs
D) the therapist's degree and title

Question 54

Psychiatrists are unique among therapists in that they:

A) can establish a private practice.
B) have two separate advanced degrees in psychology.
C) use only a biological treatment approach.
D) have a degree in medicine.

Question 55

John has been hearing voices and believes that people are "after him." His functioning is deteriorating and his family is worried about him.John clearly needs medication to control his delusions and hallucinations.Which kind of mental health professional will John be most likely to see for treatment?

A) a counseling psychologist
B) a psychiatrist
C) a general practitioner
D) a psychological social worker

Question 56

Virtual environments or virtual realities are useful in treating:

A) any type of mental illness.
B) phobias.
C) borderline personality disorder.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 57

A person you meet at a party has a degree in counseling psychology.Your best guess is that she:

A) does talk therapy with mentally ill persons.
B) works in a hospital for the mentally ill.
C) counsels people with adjustment and stress problems.
D) works closely with a prescriber of medication to treat the mentally ill.

Question 58

In most states,people with an advanced degree in clinical psychology are permitted to do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) have a private practice.
B) conduct research.
C) prescribe medication.
D) work in a hospital setting.

Question 59

________ ,a(n)________ for treating disruptive behavior,has proven deadly in at least one instance.

A) Primal scream therapy; group therapy technique
B) Birth simulation; psychoanalytic intervention
C) Primal scream therapy; projective technique
D) Birth simulation; alternative therapy

Question 60

Psychiatric nurses:

A) can work in psychiatric hospitals.
B) can prescribe medication.
C) have medical degrees.
D) have a Ph.D.

Question 61

MAO-inhibitors for the treatment of depression:

A) were the first drugs developed specifically to treat the disorder.
B) have been the pharmacological treatment of choice since their discovery.
C) are used less frequently than other drugs due to potentially dangerous interaction effects.
D) are typically used in combination with other antidepressants.

Question 62

In a study in which treatment with the drug clomipramine was compared with exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder,it was found that:

A) exposure and response prevention was more effective.
B) the drug was more effective.
C) neither form of treatment worked better than placebo.
D) both forms of treatment had similar positive effects.

Question 63

Across a number of anxiety disorders,drug therapy:

A) is effective and is considered the treatment of choice.
B) works well in the short term,but can result in relapse when the drug is discontinued.
C) is associated with more side effects than when used to treat other disorders.
D) is generally ineffective at reducing symptoms.

Question 64

In comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy and the drug imipramine for treating panic disorder,Barlow found that:

A) both showed equal,positive effects over the long term.
B) the drug was more effective over the long term.
C) cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective over the long term.
D) neither approach worked very well for this disorder.

Question 65

Lee-Joon is in a research study comparing brain changes in people receiving different types of treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder.Lee-Joon recently completed cognitive-behavioral therapy and now will have his brain scanned.Compared to the brains of people receiving other kinds of therapy,Lee-Joon's brain will show:

A) little change,because cognitive-behavioral therapy is not a biological treatment.
B) the same brain changes as people receiving drug therapy.
C) brain changes in different areas than people receiving drug therapy.
D) significant changes,unlike people receiving drug therapy.

Question 66

Don has a cleanliness obsession that revolves around a fear of dirt and germs.His compulsion involves hand washing.If he believes he has touched something unclean,he will wash his hands until they are raw.In treatment for his disorder,Don is asked to touch all the doorknobs in his therapist's office building and then is told that he cannot wash his hands.He and the therapist then sit together while Don tries to relax and overcome his feelings of extreme discomfort.This treatment:

A) is unethical and would not be used today.
B) has been shown to be ineffective and may even cause worsening of symptoms.
C) is an appropriate therapy based on extinguishing a conditioned response.
D) is less effective than tranquilizers in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 67

Kim has obsessive-compulsive disorder,which in her case is focused on behaviors related to cleaning and checking.If she takes an antidepressant such as Prozac,________,similar to depressed patients taking Prozac.

A) her obsessions should decrease
B) her compulsions should decrease
C) her mood will be more positive
D) her mood will be more stable

Question 68

Dr.Arjuna has several patients who suffer from anxiety symptoms,and he is interested in finding a treatment or combination of treatments that will be effective in the long-term with the fewest side effects.Dr.Arjuna should prescribe:

A) cognitive-behavioral therapy only.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy and an older tricyclic antidepressant.
C) a tranquilizer and an antidepressant.
D) a tranquilizer only.

Question 69

Spinning a client in a chair to induce dizziness might be effective in promoting behavioral extinction in:

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) social phobia.
C) panic disorder.
D) severe depression.

Question 70

A friend of yours is in therapy for depression and has been asked to keep a diary of all her negative thoughts about herself and her circumstances.What is the likely goal of her therapist?

A) to identify problematic thought patterns so they can be modified
B) to reveal unconscious inner conflicts
C) to practice labeling her emotions
D) to specify the rewards and punishments needed to change behavior

Question 71

Johnny's therapy for depression is quite simple: His therapist has asked him to write down every instance of a negative thought and to challenge each of these thoughts so they become less automatic.For example,Johnny can attempt to gather evidence for his negative beliefs (which he probably will not find)or he can attempt to view the same situation from a neutral or even positive point of view.The therapist who is treating Johnny is most like:

A) Aaron Beck.
B)B.F.Skinner.
C) Marsha Linehan.
D) Carl Rogers.

Question 72

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression is:

A) less effective than drug treatment alone.
B) just as effective as drug treatment alone.
C) counterproductive if used in combination with drug treatment.
D) only productive if used in combination with drug treatment.

Question 73

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is best treated through the use of:

A) systematic desensitization.
B) exposure and response prevention.
C) lithium.
D) cognitive restructuring.

Question 74

In comparing the effects of psychotherapy and drug treatments on brain functioning in depression,it has been found that:

A) the former has no detectable effects,whereas the latter does.
B) the latter has no detectable effects,whereas the former does.
C) they both have detectable effects,in similar areas of the brain.
D) they both have detectable effects,but in different areas of the brain.

Question 75

One of the most effective treatments for panic disorder is ________ because it helps people ________.

A) cognitive therapy; correct their overestimation of the danger involved in a panic attack
B) client-centered therapy; challenge their sense of low self-control
C) tranquilizer therapy; pair panic experiences with relaxation
D) electroconvulsive therapy; compare their own mildly distressing symptoms to strong and persistent physical discomfort

Question 76

If your physician prescribes a drug to treat your depression,what is the likelihood you will experience relief from your symptoms?

A) negligible unless the drug is combined with talk therapy
B) about the same as if the physician had prescribed a placebo
C) about 30 percent
D) about 65 percent

Question 77

Traynor is suffering another bout of major depression.Since the 1970s,he has tried all of the most common antidepressants but few have seemed to work well for him.In addition,he is concerned about side effects,including sexual side effects,from medication.Which of the following drugs should Traynor's doctor prescribe?

A) a tricyclic
B) a monoamine oxidase inhibitor
C) a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
D) bupropion

Question 78

Prozac and cognitive-behavioral therapy have both been found to be effective in treating social phobias.Why should cognitive-behavioral therapy be preferred to Prozac?

A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy is more cost-effective.
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy is associated with a higher rate of relapse.
C) Prozac has some disagreeable side effects,such as increased anxiety symptoms.
D) Prozac has some disagreeable side effects,such as sexual dysfunction.

Question 79

Karine completed a behavioral treatment for her spider phobia.From what you know about behavioral treatment for phobias,which was the most effective part of the treatment?

A) creating a fear hierarchy
B) undergoing relaxation training
C) being exposed to the feared object
D) experiencing hyperventilation

Question 80

Giving depressed patients a placebo rather than an actual drug:

A) has no impact on depression.
B) alleviates depressive symptoms in roughly one-tenth of patients.
C) alleviates depressive symptoms in roughly one-third of patients.
D) alleviates depressive symptoms in roughly one-half of patients.