Deck 11: Chronic Illness, Terminal Illness, and Death

Question 1

The most prevalent chronic disease is also the nation's primary cause of death.That illness is ______

A)coronary heart disease
B)diabetes
C)cancer
D)pneumonia

Answer 1

coronary heart disease

Question 2

The increase in life expectancy is primarily due to ______.

A)improvements in medicine
B)fewer pathogens
C)stronger genetic backgrounds of patients
D)fewer people dying of chronic illnesses

Answer 2

improvements in medicine

Question 3

The most common negative reaction to a chronic illness is ______.

A)denial
B)bargaining
C)depression
D)negative acceptance

Answer 3

depression

Question 4

In a demonstration of the power of personality traits, Carver et al.(1993) showed that women with breast cancer who were high in ______ used more active coping, faced the disease, and had less distress.

A)agreeableness
B)optimism
C)openness to experience
D)extraversion

Question 5

______ may be beneficial for a short period after a person learns that s/he has a chronic illness, but in the long term it is harmful.

A)Depression
B)Hostility
C)Denial
D)Bargaining

Question 6

Jim has Alzheimer's disease, an illness that becomes worse over time.This type of illness is best described as ______.

A)remitting
B)acute
C)progressive
D)primary aging

Question 7

One of the major causes of death in the U.S.today is ______.

A)lower respiratory disease
B)neuropathy
C)asthma
D)tuberculosis

Question 8

Sue was just diagnosed with breast cancer, however, she sees this illness as a challenge that she will be able to overcome.This is an example of a(n) ______ that will likely correlate with a higher quality of life than if she saw it as a threat that will mean her life is over.

A)form of denial
B)primary appraisal
C)secondary appraisal
D)tertiary appraisal

Question 9

The most common reaction to a chronic illness tends to be depression.Unlike anxiety, depression tends to ______.

A)increase adherence rates
B)be more of a long-term reaction
C)decrease as pain and disability increase
D)be found primarily in men

Question 10

When Bill learns he has diabetes, he feels fortunate to have a good social support network and he knows they will be helpful as he copes with all the changes in lifestyle that will be required to manage this disease.His belief that he has the resources to cope effectively is his ______.

A)primary appraisal
B)example of denial
C)secondary appraisal
D)interpersonal adjustment

Question 11

In studies of women with breast cancer, it appears that women who coped better made comparisons to others less fortunate than themselves.This is known as ______.

A)compensatory thinking
B)upward social comparison
C)rumination
D)downward social comparison

Question 12

Which of the following components of Quality of Life (QOL) would be assessed in the most common measures of QOL used today and which is considered most comprehensive?

A)the number of disease-related symptoms, the number of individuals in the person's social support network, and levels of positive affect
B)physical functioning, psychological status, social functioning, disease-related symptoms, and treatment-related symptoms
C)the average of the physician's objective rating of the patient's quality of life and a close loved one's rating of the patient's quality of life
D)the patient's qualitative and quantitative ratings of social support

Question 13

Which of the following is FALSE?

A)Less than 10% of American adults will die as a result of a chronic illness.
B)Chronic diseases may flare up and die down over time.
C)Asthma is a chronic disease that occurs early in life.
D)Some conditions, such as back pain, may be acute or chronic.

Question 14

Research has shown that ______.

A)all families become more protective when their child has a chronic illness, regardless of their child's age
B)individuals from nuclear families cope better with their child's chronic illness than those from blended families
C)when the chronic illness is serious, such as cancer, members of all ethnic groups tend to cope similarly
D)the environment in which a person lives can make a disease worse or help control it

Question 15

Not knowing the course of one's chronic illness or having enough information to cope is likely to increase ______ in a patient.

A)denial
B)anxiety
C)depression
D)primary appraisals

Question 16

The notion that quality of life is a subjective experience assumes that ______.

A)patients may provide the most valid assessments of their quality of life
B)reliable and valid measures will never be developed
C)psychosocial and economic factors must be considered instead of measures of physiological functioning
D)quality of life is independent of changes in chronic illness and its treatment

Question 17

A common psychological reaction to a test result confirming a chronic illness is anxiety.Anxiety ______.

A)is usually lowest when awaiting invasive medical procedures because the patient is relieved to know that the problem will be fixed
B)is much more rare today than in past generations because of the increases in medical technology
C)is usually a long-term reaction that is more common in men than women
D)interferes with healthy functioning by causing the person to cope poorly and delay the recognition and reporting of symptoms

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE.

A)Women born in 1900 lived on average 48.3 years.
B)Today, viruses and bacteria are causes of the major causes of death.
C)There are no longer differences in life expectancy between African Americans and European Americans in the U.S.
D)Today, men live longer than women.

Question 19

______ often goes undiagnosed because its symptoms are often confused with the symptoms of the chronic illness.

A)Denial
B)Depression
C)Anxiety
D)Neuroticism

Question 20

The most commonly used measure of how someone is coping with a chronic illness is a measure of his or her quality of life.This measure is best made by the ______.

A)primary care physician
B)physical therapist
C)person in the social network who is closest to the individual
D)patient

Question 21

Recent research has shown that growing up in a risky family ______.

A)can impact people psychologically, but not genetically
B)is related to shorter telomeres
C)does not have long-term effects for most people because children are resilient
D)is related to more sex-linked chromosomal disorders

Question 22

Culver et al.(2004) tested for differences in coping responses in middle-class African Americans, Latinos, and European American women with early-stage breast cancer.They found only two differences in coping.Compared with European American women, the other two groups used this type of coping more.

A)meditation
B)mental imaging
C)humor-based
D)religion-based

Question 23

The top three killers of adults are ______.

A)smoking, alcohol abuse and automobile accidents
B)coronary heart disease, cancer and stroke
C)strokes, alcohol and cancer
D)heart attacks, accidents and alcohol abuse

Question 24

In a study comparing the effects of an informational-based educational group to an emotion-focused peer discussion group among women with breast cancer, Helgeson et al.(2000) found that ______.

A)those who thought they really do not need it benefit the most
B)getting more emotional support if you already have it can be harmful
C)support is only helpful if people believe it will help
D)educational groups were not perceived as helpful because people perceive them as intimidating and condescending

Question 25

Brittany Maynard was a young woman dying of brain cancer.She decided to end her own life with drugs prescribed by her doctor.Brittany's case is an example of ______.

A)physician-assisted suicide
B)euthanasia
C)mercy killing
D)palliative care

Question 26

The Buddhist beliefs of death do NOT include ______.

A)the belief that as long as there is fear of death, life is not being lived to its fullest
B)a belief that contemplating death can help us face death in a healthy way
C)drinking and dancing at the funeral in a celebration of the recently departed's life
D)a belief that the only way to avoid suffering is to free the self from desire

Question 27

Motivational interviewing is a counseling style for eliciting behavior change by ______.

A)telling patients what they must do to get better
B)helping patients to explore and resolve ambivalence
C)using one main technique: behavior modification
D)helping patients to vent their frustrations with their chronic illness

Question 28

______ is the termination of life by a lethal injection of a drug by a physician.

A)Euthanasia
B)Self-suicide
C)Mercy killing
D)Palliative suicide

Question 29

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Across all cultures, people speak of death and think about it often as a means of preparing for it.
B)The sense that death can be joyous is reflected in different religious traditions.
C)Hindus and the Sikhs of India share the tradition of dancing at the time of a person's death.
D)Catholics and Irish share the belief in the importance of working off bad karma from an early point in life.

Question 30

In a study by Abraido-Lanza et al.(2004) that examined the coping styles of Latinos with arthritis they found that ______.

A)passive coping was associated with better psychological well-being
B)the more they used religious coping, the more they engaged in other passive coping strategies
C)passive coping was associated with greater pain
D)most relied on active coping strategies rather than religious coping

Question 31

Jayce is a 13-year-old who just finished middle school in California.If he were to die, the most likely cause of death for this demographic is ______.

A)non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
B)cardiovascular disease
C)an unintentional injury
D)cancer

Question 32

Different religions deal with death differently.Muslims, or followers of Islam, believe ______.

A)that last rights need to be performed on a dying person
B)the body must not be washed at time of death
C)a dying person must do penance
D)the seriously ill should die in a temple

Question 33

Research on social support has shown that ______.

A)European Americans are more reluctant to explicitly ask for support from others than are Asians and Asian Americans
B)support groups are beneficial for patients with a variety of chronic illnesses
C)it correlates with positive adjustment to acute illness, but not chronic illnesses
D)compared to European Americans, Asian Americans are more likely to use forms of support that involve discussing their feelings of distress

Question 34

What ethnic group that tends to have a higher level of stress during pregnancy and has the name for labor as "sorrow" and "pain"?

A)Hindi
B)Mexican American
C)Chinese
D)African American

Question 35

In many folk and traditional medical systems, a greater emphasis is placed on ______, which can increase patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment.

A)prescribing new medications and ointments
B)the biological origins of disease
C)communication
D)using herbs

Question 36

______ refers to a type of treatment aimed at alleviating symptoms without necessarily affecting the cause.

A)Physician-assisted suicide
B)Palliative care
C)Euthanasia
D)Compassionate intervention

Question 37

When a physician supplies a lethal drug but does not actually administer it, this is called ______.

A)withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment
B)euthanasia
C)assisted suicide
D)mercy killing

Question 38

Annette is a 3-year-old American child living in upstate New York.If she were to die, the most likely cause of death for this demographic is ______.

A)leukemia
B)an unintentional injury
C)cancer
D)a gunshot wound

Question 39

Jonah is an adolescent with diabetes.Based on a recent review by Martire and Helgeson (2017), ______ will be most effective in managing his illness.

A)having him attend social support groups
B)providing educational materials in electronic format
C)helping Jonah and his parents find ways to set goals together
D)pairing him with a mentor who also has diabetes.

Question 40

The first state to legalize euthanasia was ______.

A)Illinois
B)California
C)Oregon
D)New York

Question 41

Quality of life was originally a measure made by ______.

A)the nurse who spent the most time with the patient in the medical setting
B)the physician
C)the spouse (for an adult) and the parent (for a child)
D)the person who the patient rated as closest to them in their social support network

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT the custom of families who are Muslim and experiencing the death of a family member?

A)They need to turn the body to face Mecca after the person has died.
B)They must close the body's mouth and eyes and cover the face after the individual has died.
C)They must have someone sitting close by to read the Koran to the person who is dying.
D)They must cover all mirrors with a dark cloth.

Question 43

European-Americans are less likely to use hospice than their Asian American counterparts.

Question 44

A ______ is a document that specifies the conditions under which life support should be terminated.

A)will
B)trust
C)living will
D)an advanced medical plan

Question 45

Motivational interviewing is a type of end-of-life care that seeks to determine the dying patient's wishes.

Question 46

Which of the following stages is NOT included in Kubler-Ross's model of adapting to terminal illness?

A)anger
B)fear
C)denial
D)acceptance

Question 47

Dr.Fisher administered high doses of morphine to a baby born 3 months prematurely.The baby suffered from a number of medical complications and was not expected to live more than another week.Dr.Fisher's intent was to relieve the baby's pain and make her remaining time on earth as comfortable as possible is an example of ______.

A)euthanasia
B)patient centered care
C)palliative care
D)physician-assisted suicide

Question 48

The most commonly used measure of how someone is coping with a chronic illness is a measure of his or her ______.

A)problem-focused coping
B)emotion-focused coping
C)quality of life
D)benefit finding

Question 49

Women with more social support have more positive adjustment to chronic illnesses, but this relation does not hold for men.

Question 50

Most hospice patients are individuals suffering from end-stage renal disease.

Question 51

Kubler-Ross's stage theory has been criticized because she only used cross-sectional data and did not follow people as they got closer to death.

Question 52

According to Depaola, et al.(2003), this ethnic group reports higher levels of death anxiety than European Americans.

A)Native Americans
B)African Americans
C)Filipino Americans
D)Puerto Ricans

Question 53

Research on Latina populations with different chronic illnesses shows that they tend not to use religious-based coping.

Question 54

The Big 5 personality variables have been linked to coping with chronic illness.

Question 55

Widows (females) suffer from fewer physical health problems and illnesses than widowers (men).

Question 56

Today, most measures of quality of life are completed by the patient's physician.

Question 57

On average, women live five years longer than men.

Question 58

The burning of sage and other herbs is part of many religious ceremonies for this group of individuals, and it is also used to prepare the soul of the dying person for the afterlife.

A)Hindi
B)Muslims
C)Native Americans
D)Hmong

Question 59

Which of the following is TRUE of Kubler-Ross's theory of dying?

A)There is little empirical evidence for the five stages she describes.
B)Her theory is based on questionnaire data from over 800 dying patients.
C)This longitudinal study was the first to outline stages of dying.
D)As she followed patients within their last two days of life, she found most experienced anger right before death.

Question 60

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Most patients on hospice care die at home.
B)The goal of hospice is to cure the patient in a way that maintains optimal quality of life.
C)An Italian doctor, Salvatore Sorrentino, began the hospice movement in the late 1980s.
D)Hospice patients are less likely than non-hospice patients to receive regular treatment for daily pain because they are not in a hospital setting.

Question 61

Think of a person you know who has a chronic illness.Discuss some of the biological and psychological issues that occur for that person as s/he lives with that illness? How does this person's experience fit (or not fit) with research findings cited in the text.

Question 62

How does religion play a role in coping with chronic illnesses? Include at least two different religions in your response.

Question 63

How do cultural variations affect the process of death and dying?

Question 64

Social support is the sociocultural factor that has garnered the most research attention.How does social support influence adjustment to chronic illnesses?

Question 65

Describe two psychological responses to chronic illness.

Question 66

Would you recommend hospice care to a loved one who is dying? Explain why or why not.Incorporate at least one research finding about hospice in your answer.