Deck 6: Coping and Social Support

Question 1

In general, recent immigrants ______ better-acculturated nonimmigrants.

A)are healthier than
B)have the same health status as
C)are less healthy than
D)have worse physical health, but better mental health than

Answer 1

are healthier than

Question 2

Which of the following is FALSE regarding coping?

A)It involves cognitive efforts to manage the outcomes of stress.
B)It includes whatever individuals do to reestablish homeostatic balance.
C)It involves behavioral efforts to manage the outcomes of stress.
D)Contemporary research has moved away from studying the social contexts in which coping takes place and now focuses more on the individual.

Answer 2

Contemporary research has moved away from studying the social contexts in which coping takes place and now focuses more on the individual.

Question 3

Our general predispositions to deal with stress are best described as ______.

A)resiliency
B)coping genes
C)blunting
D)suppression of competing activities

Answer 3

blunting

Question 4

Problem-focused coping is associated with more positive outcomes when the source of stress is ______.

A)biological
B)flexible
C)controllable.
D)emotionally overwhelming.

Question 5

Each of the following is considered one of the "Big Five" factors in personality EXCEPT ______.

A)extraversion
B)agreeableness
C)neuroticism
D)optimism

Question 6

In contrast to early research on the Type A personality, current research has shown that the most unhealthy component of the Type A profile is ______.

A)being competitive
B)having a sense of time urgency
C)being hostile
D)being high in neuroticism

Question 7

Which of the following is FALSE regarding resilience?

A)Resilience has been studied with children, but not adults.
B)Resilience correlates positively with hardiness.
C)Cultural factors have been shown to correlate with resilience.
D)Resilience can be studied at the group level.

Question 8

Which of the following are two very similar personality concepts that both predict better coping?

A)conscientiousness and neuroticism
B)mastery and openness to experience
C)optimism and agreeableness
D)hardiness and resilience

Question 9

People who enjoy challenges, have a high level of control, and are committed to their lives, are high in ______.

A)optimism
B)extraversion
C)hardiness
D)mastery

Question 10

Which of the following empirical statements is TRUE?

A)Optimists tend to cope better with stress than pessimists.
B)Optimists tend not to practice healthy behaviors because they assume most outcomes will be positive.
C)Optimists are more likely to use avoidant coping strategies than pessimists.
D)Optimism is correlated with better psychological health, but is not predictive of longevity.

Question 11

The now classic Alameda County Study showed the link between ______.

A)optimism and health
B)conscientiousness and health
C)social support and health
D)acculturation and health

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Men are more likely to seek out social support than women.
B)Women experience greater benefits from social network interactions than do men.
C)Men are more satisfied with the support they receive because women's standards for social support are higher.
D)Females are more likely to seek help and social support from male relatives and male friends than from females because they perceive males to be less judgmental.

Question 13

Kateri scores high on a measure of ______.Like others who score high on this variable, she believes she has the capability to succeed at whatever task is at hand because she feels she has control over what happens.

A)acceptance
B)Type A characteristics
C)mastery
D)extroversion

Question 14

The earliest research on social support measured the construct of social support in terms of ______.

A)networks
B)satisfaction with available support
C)the type of social support they received (e.g., instrumental, emotional)
D)the perception of the quality of support they have received

Question 15

If you have stress from a roommate who does not wash her own dishes, and you talk to her directly about your wish that she wash her own dishes, this type of coping style is called ______.

A)emotion-focused coping
B)avoidant coping
C)approach coping
D)positive reinterpretation

Question 16

Berry, Trimble and Olmedo (1986) define four models of acculturation.Based on their model, ______ refers to strongly identifying with only one's own ethnic group and not the dominant culture.

A)biculturalism
B)marginalization
C)separation
D)assimilation

Question 17

Which of the following is a classic study that showed that people who were more socially integrated lived longer?

A)the Nurses' Health Study
B)the MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging
C)the Framingham Study
D)the Alameda County Study

Question 18

Which of the following coping techniques is considered to be both problem-focused and emotion-focused?

A)social support
B)using religion
C)using humor
D)distraction

Question 19

Ferrin is sympathetic, trusting, and helpful and not surprisingly, he scores high on the Big Five personality trait of ______.

A)optimism
B)conscientiousness
C)agreeableness
D)neuroticism

Question 20

An individual who is considered "Type A" are found to be at a high risk for ______.

A)coronary heart disease
B)muscular-skeletal injuries
C)diabetes
D)renal failure

Question 21

Active coping, planning, restraint coping, and acceptance are all forms of coping assessed ______.

A)by guided imagery
B)in the Social Support questionnaire
C)in the Social Readjustment Reappraisal scale
D)in the COPE

Question 22

Guided imagery and biofeedback are similar in that ______.

A)they both utilize electronic monitoring devices
B)they both slow your pulse rate down
C)they both need a therapist to assist you in your journey
D)you can observe your progress on a feedback machine

Question 23

Regarding social support, ______.

A)woman give and receive the most social support over their lifespan
B)men give and receive more social support over their lives
C)both men and woman give an equal amount of social support over their lifespan
D)gender is not one of the predictors of social support

Question 24

Which of the following is FALSE regarding acculturation?

A)Acculturation has been shown to affect physical health.
B)Acculturation can have different affects on men and women.
C)There is a lot of variance within each cultural group.
D)There have not been any significant benefits associated with acculturation.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT considered a relaxation-based approach to coping with stress?

A)aromatherapy
B)guided imagery
C)disclosure in writing
D)biofeedback

Question 26

Which of the following is FALSE?

A)Mastery is conceptually similar to self-efficacy.
B)Gay men optimistic about their survival with HIV take more risks than those lower in optimism.
C)Cultural background influences resilience.
D)Optimism correlates strongly and negatively with problem-focused coping.

Question 27

If you have a fear of heights, this technique of classical conditioning is commonly used to help you to reduce this phobia.

A)systemic desensitization
B)cognitive-behavioral therapy
C)psychoanalysis
D)yoga

Question 28

______ requires the inhibition of thoughts feelings, and behaviors.

A)The daily process methodology
B)Avoidance
C)Instrumental support
D)Biofeedback

Question 29

Mindfulness is a relaxation-based technique that ______.

A)intentionally bringing one's attention to internal and external experiences occurring at the present moment
B)increases the breathing rate to distract the person from stressful thoughts
C)has not been empirically demonstrated to result in increased immune activity
D)focuses the mind on positive events from the past

Question 30

One way to solve the problem of retrospective recall bias in coping research is to ______.

A)focus more on the social context by assessing relational coping
B)use the daily process methodology (also known as daily diaries)
C)include more than one coping questionnaire
D)vary the order of the questionnaires

Question 31

Which of the following is FALSE?

A)Coping styles are common moderators.
B)The best coping style depends on the severity, duration, controllability and emotionality of the situation.
C)Seeking social support can be both problem-focused and emotion-focused.
D)In general, approach coping is associated with more negative health outcomes.

Question 32

As Dan has grown older, he has adjusted his group of friends to include those who he feels he needs for emotional support, and others he needs for instrumental support, like helping him fix things around his house.This is an example of ______.

A)social convoy model
B)familialism
C)socioemotional selectivity theory
D)received an perceived support

Question 33

The Revised Ways of Coping Questionnaire ______.

A)was designed to use simpler language so it can be used with young children
B)is an in-depth measure of several different types of social support
C)measures how people generally cope with stress
D)measures both problem-and emotion-focused coping

Question 34

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the Alameda County Study?

A)It is a study of a single community in California.
B)It found that men and women who were socially integrated lived longer than those who were not socially integrated.
C)It is a cross-sectional study examining two age groups.
D)It was a 9-year epidemiological study.

Question 35

The concept that as we age, we prune our social networks to maintain a desired emotional state depending on the amount of limited time we have in our lives is ______.

A)familialism
B)escape avoidance
C)socioemotional selectivity theory
D)distancing

Question 36

______ is one of the most robust predictors of use of social support.

A)Education level
B)Geographic location
C)Income
D)Gender

Question 37

Which of the following college students would be most likely to conceal their problems or concerns in order to maintain social harmony and not burden others?

A)H., a White college student living in Britain
B)H., a European American college student
C)H., a Chinese college student
D)H., a Canadian college student

Question 38

Mai is utilizing a coping technique that asks her to focus on a specific thought, word image, or phrase.Which of the following coping technique might she be using?

A)biofeedback
B)guided imagery
C)meditation
D)all of these

Question 39

Data from the MacArthur Successful Aging Study showed that ______.

A)social support increases with time
B)social support decreases with time
C)only young people report receiving adequate support
D)the quality of social support is similar across individuals regardless of psychological or cognitive function

Question 40

In the context of social support during pregnancy, which of the following is TRUE?

A)Higher social support is associated with higher infant birth weight among foreign-born Latinas.
B)European Americans scored higher on familialism than Latinas.
C)A best friend/confidante is the most important source of social support among African Americans.
D)Mexican American women's positive outcomes stem from their sense of mastery and their individualistic traditions.

Question 41

An individual with body dysmorphic disorder, the condition where their body image perception is different than reality, can utilize this form of treatment to learn how to identify and change their irrational beliefs.

A)biofeedback
B)guided imagery
C)relaxation therapy
D)rational-emotional therapy

Question 42

Although older adults' social networks may be smaller than those of their younger counterparts, the number of very close relationships is not significantly different.

Question 43

CJ is utilizing a coping strategy that requires him to slow down his breathing and to clear his mind of stressful thoughts.CJ is probably utilizing the following coping strategy.

A)mindfulness meditation
B)stress-inoculation training
C)expressive writing
D)rational-emotive therapy

Question 44

How do the personality characteristics hardiness and resilience assist people in moderating the effects of stress, and improving their ability to cope? Include how these two constructs differ.

Question 45

Which of the following is FALSE regarding systematic desensitization?

A)You pair relaxation with the least stressful event in your anxiety hierarchy, and then move down the list until you can imagine your most stressful event and be relaxed.
B)It is a form of classical conditioning.
C)You start by confronting your worst fears by going to the source of your stress.
D)It is considered a relaxation-based approach to coping with stress.

Question 46

When comparing the coping support systems among all cultural groups research indicates the following groups seek out and receive the highest amount of support from other individuals within their cultural groups.

A)individuals with strong religious ties
B)Asian Americans
C)African Americans
D)athletes and college students

Question 47

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Exercise must be completed for one hour each day in order for any benefits to be seen in stress studies.
B)Individuals who exercise put themselves at risk of cardiovascular disease if they are also working under stressful conditions.
C)People who exercise on a regular basis tend to be less depressed and less stressed.
D)Exercise does not affect stress, it only improves mood.

Question 48

Problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies are interdependent and work together, with one supplementing the other in the overall coping process.

Question 49

After several miscarriages, Shintara questioned why God would allow this and was very angry that he allowed this to happen.According to Pargament and colleagues (1998) this would be considered ______.

A)defiance coping
B)anticipatory coping
C)negative coping
D)avoidance coping

Question 50

Biofeedback monitors your respiratory rate and your brain waves, and you use your mind to alter your respiratory rate.

Question 51

A recent study by Arellano and Sosa (2018) found that Mexican immigrant women, compared to Mexican Americans born in the U.S., report fewer adverse health behaviors.

Question 52

If you were researching coping, what type of questionnaire would you prefer to use: the COPE or the Revised Ways of Coping Questionnaire? Explain your rationale.

Question 53

The critical aspect of the Type A personality style that predicts coronary artery disease is a sense of time urgency.

Question 54

Recent research by Vassillier, Holahan and Holahan (2016) found that African Americans tend to use more emotion-focused strategies than European Americans.

Question 55

Measures of social support all have in common the fact that they measure number of people in one's social network.

Question 56

Secondary appraisals entail the person's perception of their coping ability.

Question 57

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Currently, coping questionnaires do not contain items that ask about turning toward religion as a means of coping.
B)Most research on coping finds that it correlates with negative mental and physical health outcomes because most people use this as a last resort when they are at their lowest point.
C)Religiosity is a multidimensional construct and researchers have measured different aspects of religious coping.
D)Regardless of whether people use positive or negative religious coping methods, the outcomes are equally positive.

Question 58

Currently there are a number of coping questionnaires appropriate for adolescents and adults, but none for children.

Question 59

In general, recent immigrants are healthier then better-acculturated nonimmigrants.

Question 60

Which of the following is TRUE regarding expressive writing?

A)It is considered a relaxation-based approach to coping.
B)It reduces levels of stress and negative mood.
C)It has been used almost exclusively with college students because one must have strong writing skills for the technique to show positive results.
D)It reduces stress through the process of systemic desensitization.

Question 61

Describe two methods of measuring social support (two ways a researcher would assess social support).Which method would you prefer if you were conducting research on this topic and why?

Question 62

If you were a therapist working with a woman who wants to learn how to cope with stress in her life due to care-giving challenges, what kind of approaches would you introduce to her as options for her treatment? Discuss two approaches that you learned about in the textbook.

Question 63

Gurung (2019) notes that the statement "Social support is helpful" is too general.What are two operational definitions of social support? Give some examples of how these two types of support can affect the health outcome of an individual.

Question 64

How would you describe your own coping mechanisms? Use the theories and vocabulary that from the textbook in your description.