Deck 4: Essential Physiology

Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Beginning in the 21st century, boys mature slightly earlier than their female counterparts.
B)Today, the average age for first menstruation is about 12 years.
C)The age of first menstruation is later today than it was a century ago.
D)Only boys experience a growth spurt.

Answer 1

Today, the average age for first menstruation is about 12 years.

Question 2

Miscarriage has strong psychological components.Couples cope with this stressor better if ______.

A)they are married for at least two years
B)they have strong social support from family and friends
C)they keep it a secret so that people do not keep asking them how they are doing
D)the woman was only in the first trimester

Answer 2

they have strong social support from family and friends

Question 3

What is the memory part of the brain that helps you to remember the answer to this question?

A)the cerebral cortex
B)the hippocampus
C)the amygdala
D)the cerebellum

Answer 3

the hippocampus

Question 4

The brain and spinal cord comprise the ______.

A)peripheral nervous system
B)superior colliculus
C)central nervous system
D)prosencephalon

Question 5

During puberty, major physical changes are stimulated by the ______.

A)hippocampus
B)ovaries
C)gonads
D)pituitary gland

Question 6

______ can cause developmental abnormalities in the developing embryo and fetus.

A)Polyyps
B)Teratogens
C)Natural killer cells
D)Cytotoxicity

Question 7

Based on research examining the importance of social support among African American, Mexican American and European American mothers, which of the following is TRUE?

A)European American mothers are more likely to rank the family as the most important source of social support than African American mothers.
B)African American mothers are more likely to rank the family as the most important source of social support compared to mothers from other ethnic groups.
C)European American mothers are more likely to rank the family as the most important source of social support compared to mothers in other ethnic groups.
D)Mothers from all ethnic groups rate the family as the most important source of social support.

Question 8

______ instigate(s) the swelling or inflammatory response.

A)Histamine
B)NK cells
C)Interleukin-1
D)Memory B cells

Question 9

The developing organism is called a fetus at the ______week of gestation.

A)sixth
B)eleventh
C)ninth
D)fourteenth

Question 10

Of the following, ______ has the worst rate of maternal deaths in the developed world.

A)Australia
B)China
C)Canada
D)the U.S.

Question 11

Based on Schaie's (1993) longitudinal study, he concluded that the most people show no significant decline in most mental abilities until the age of ______.

A)48
B)55
C)61
D)81

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)The sense of hearing develops before birth.
B)Research on the Mozart effect has consistently shown that babies who listen to Mozart have higher IQs than those who do not have this experience.
C)The percentage of low birth weight babies in the U.S.is lower than in any country.
D)Fetal exposure to teratogens is equally high among all ethnic groups.

Question 13

Boys with higher levels of testosterone are more likely to ______.

A)identify as transsexual
B)make risky decisions
C)score higher on tests of spatial ability
D)develop cancer later in life

Question 14

Ischemia refers to ______.

A)cardiac arrest
B)congestive heart failure
C)severe chest pain
D)restriction of blood flow

Question 15

The embryo stage of a pregnancy begins at ______.

A)the end of the second week
B)the end of one month
C)the end of the fourth week
D)after 6 weeks

Question 16

Growth and development of the newborn is driven by the secretions of the ______, and coordinated by the hypothalamus.

A)adrenal gland
B)thyroid gland
C)pituitary gland
D)corpus callosum

Question 17

______ are at a high risk of infant mortality.

A)Extreme preterm babies
B)Babies who were exposed to a virus prior to birth
C)Babies born in Sweden
D)Babies weighing over 9 pounds

Question 18

What lobe(s) of the brain contains the motor cortex and key command centers for the body?

A)the frontal lobe.
B)the occipital lobe
C)the parietal lob
D)the parietal and occipital lobes

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Recent research shows that boys with higher levels of testosterone are more likely to make risky decisions.
B)Boys go through the growth spurt before their female counterparts.
C)Today, the average age of menstruation is older than it was at the beginning of the twentieth century.
D)During puberty, Broca's area triggers an increasing level of growth hormone in the body.

Question 20

The emotion of fear that comes over a patient who is afraid to go to the dentist originates from this section of the brain.

A)the medulla
B)the amygdala
C)the hippocampus
D)the cerebral cortex

Question 21

The somatic nervous system controls what part of the body?

A)bone growth
B)skeletal muscles and is under conscious control of these muscles
C)reflex muscles
D)heart muscles

Question 22

The heart is protected by ______, a fibrous sac.

A)the pericardium
B)the valves
C)the arterioles
D)the atria

Question 23

Epitopes are ______.

A)small parts of molecules on each antigen recognized by antibodies
B)a type of white blood cell
C)enzymes found in saliva and tears which digests the cell walls of many microorganisms
D)cells that are the first to attack germs or foreign invaders, destroying them by engulfing them and devouring them

Question 24

A type of immunity that is a form of a specific immune response, and involves the activation of lymphocytes is ______.

A)activated immunity
B)reactivation immunity
C)inflammatory response
D)acquired immunity

Question 25

The difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is ______.

A)type 1 is insulin-dependent
B)type 1 diabetes is more common
C)type 2 is insulin-dependent
D)type 2 is seen at an early age

Question 26

Who among the following is NOT credited with providing us with information about the functioning of the circulatory system?

A)Erasistratus
B)William Harvey
C)Galen in
D)Aristotle

Question 27

The natural killer cells that circulate in the body ______.

A)are present in infants and children, but disappear by middle age
B)push infected cells through the body to the spleen
C)are also known as epitopes
D)destroy diseased cells by injecting them with toxic chemicals

Question 28

If you fall and scratch your elbow while gardening, your elbow will swell from an increase in blood flow to the area.This is a direct result of ______.

A)acquired immunity
B)the inflammatory response
C)the phagocytosis response
D)the memory B cell response

Question 29

Because the blood vessels all form one large circle, they must meet somewhere, and that place is the ______.

A)vena cava
B)pericardium
C)capillaries
D)pneuma

Question 30

Which of the following is FALSE?

A)Bacteria and viruses can be transmitted to humans through the air.
B)White blood cells are also called leukocytes.
C)The sebum on our skin serves to prevent microorganisms from breaking the skin barrier or from growing on the skin.
D)The secretion of chemicals such as lysozyme instigates the swelling or inflammatory response and can also cause itching of the eyes.

Question 31

Which of the following is FALSE regarding diabetes?

A)An equal number of people have type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
B)Type 2 diabetes is caused by a melatonin imbalance.
C)Type 1 diabetes is seen at an early age.
D)Because of better medical care, today diabetes rates virtually the same across individuals of different ethnic backgrounds.

Question 32

Acquired immunity takes place in ______.

A)either the spleen or the appendix
B)either the tonsils or the adenoids
C)either the blood or the cells
D)either the thymus or the pancreas

Question 33

Barriers that do not rely on the cells of the immune system are referred to as ______.

A)nonspecific immune defenses
B)antigens
C)cytotoxicity barriers
D)nonimmunologic defenses

Question 34

The most common type of bariatric surgery is ______.

A)lap-ban surgery
B)gastric bypass surgery
C)stapling of the stomach
D)removal of the stomach

Question 35

What is the purpose of the spleen?

A)It is an organ whose many ducts clean the lymphatic system.
B)It is a ductless organ that filters blood.
C)It assists the kidneys in processing insulin.
D)It is the primary storage area for lymphocytes.

Question 36

Though a bad diet is a direct risk factor for diabetes (Hu et al., 2001), research now suggests that this behavior is a major factor as well ______.

A)not getting enough sleep
B)not receiving enough sunlight
C)smoking
D)using sugar substitutes on food and in drinks

Question 37

Colon cancer results from small clumps of cells called ______ that turn cancerous.

A)gallstones
B)B cells
C)polyps
D)T cells

Question 38

The autonomic nervous system coordinates muscles ______.

A)that are not under conscious control
B)under conscious control
C)that control the feelings associated with pain
D)only in the lower half of the body

Question 39

If you have allergies, you are familiar with the action of the body secreting histamines, including itching of eyes, nose and throat.In addition, your body may also respond with ______.

A)fever
B)elevated blood pressure
C)elevated red blood cell count
D)a depletion of alveoli clusters

Question 40

T-cells mature in this organ.

A)thymus gland
B)kidneys
C)liver
D)spleen

Question 41

If you have chickenpox as a child, what is the reason you are unlikely to get it again?

A)You have extra macrophages from the previous chicken pox, and they will engulf this strain too.
B)You have circulating B memory cells for the chickenpox.
C)You have cell-mediated immunity.
D)You secrete mucus (e.g., in the lining of the nose) that trap germs and prevent their entry.

Question 42

This ethnic group recognizes different organs than Western medicine.This group will refer to the "Triple Burner."

A)East Indians
B)Native Americans
C)Chinese
D)Mexican Americans

Question 43

Children grow in a continuous pattern with the same amount of growth every week until 2 years of age.

Question 44

In 2003, the Women's Health Initiative study indicated that hormone replacement therapy treatment should be halted because women receiving the drug were found to have a higher risk for certain cancers.

Question 45

The pituitary gland produces the hormone oxytocin.

Question 46

Which of the following is true about asthma?

A)The number of people diagnosed with asthma has stayed relatively constant over the last two decades.
B)It is a chronic condition with no cure.
C)The death rates from asthma are higher for European Americans than for African Americans.
D)Asian Americans have the highest incidence of asthma out of all of the ethnic groups in the U.S.

Question 47

A strong immune response is characterized by ______.

A)secretion of insulin
B)a low number of T cells
C)a reduced number of memory B cells circulating in the blood
D)great differentiation and proliferation

Question 48

The endocrine hormone most related to the metabolism of food, especially glucose, is ______.

A)oxytocin
B)gastrin
C)prolactin
D)insulin

Question 49

The only way to measure immunity is to take a blood sample.

Question 50

The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called arteries, and the vessels that carry blood to the heart are called veins.

Question 51

Rates of asthma are higher for African Americans than for European Americans.

Question 52

The average age of menopause is 65.

Question 53

An example of acquired immunity is ______.

A)the immunizations of babies
B)contracting HIV
C)the nonspecific immune response
D)the inflammatory response

Question 54

Which of the following is TRUE about the respiratory system?

A)The bronchioles end in little sacs known as lysozyme clusters.
B)The windpipe is where the main gas transfer takes place.
C)Asthma is a curable respiratory condition.
D)Lung capacity is an important measure of cardiovascular fitness.

Question 55

The growth spurt for girls is almost two years before the growth spurt in boys.

Question 56

Instead of focusing on physiology, traditional Chinese medicine focuses on symptoms displayed by the patient to arrive at a diagnosis.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT one of the major components of the renal system?

A)the urethra
B)the kidneys
C)the large intestine
D)urinary bladder

Question 58

Cytotoxicity refers to ______.

A)the extent to which the antigens are killed or destroyed
B)the number of B cells
C)the number of T cells
D)the increased production of histamines

Question 59

The "Wild Divine," a video product that focuses on promoting self-care and wellness, was tested for its effectiveness as a relaxation technique (Roethel & Gurung, 2007).Compared to those in the control condition, those in the experimental condition who practiced breathing techniques, regulated their heart rate, and increased their level of concentration ______.

A)were higher in suppressed anger
B)were higher in depression
C)were lower in hostility and had a decrease in cortisol
D)had the same salivary cortisol level, but less fatigue

Question 60

Preterm births are those who are born before 37 weeks of gestation.

Question 61

Thomas is 23 years old.What age-related changes should Thomas experience between the ages of 25 and 65?

Question 62

Name three of the major glands in the endocrine system, and indicate the hormones that they secrete.

Question 63

The immune system is complex and, not surprisingly, assessing immune functioning is complex as well.Describe one of the challenges researchers face when coming up with an assessment of how well the immune system is functioning.

Question 64

The developing embryo and fetus are sensitive to several factors that can cause delays in development, birth defects, and/or miscarriage.What are three circumstances that can affect the development of the fetus?

Question 65

Discuss the components of the hindbrain and forebrain and their respective functions

Question 66

What is one hypothesis for the change in the onset of menstruation?