Deck 16: Globalization in a Changing World

Question 1

While recent protests and revolutions,such as the Arab Spring and Ukrainian revolutions,were fueled by grievances that ignited traditional social movements,these modern movements were facilitated by

A) the rise of the Internet and popular use of various social media websites.
B) authoritarian regimes who were tired of being in power.
C) large amounts of foreign-based investment in the countries.
D) special interest groups.

Answer 1

the rise of the Internet and popular use of various social media websites.

Question 2

Some sociologists,such as Mark Juergensmeyer,argue that the biggest cultural conflicts in the twenty-first century will be between those who believe that truth is derived from _____ versus those who believe it is derived from _____.

A) religious faith;political leadership
B) religious faith;science
C) political leadership;science
D) the modern state;religious faith

Answer 2

religious faith;science

Question 3

People from societies that keep written records are able to develop a better sense of their societies' evolution and how these processes are connected to social change.According to your textbook,this illustrates how social change is influenced by

A) the physical environment.
B) political organization.
C) economic factors.
D) cultural factors.

Answer 3

cultural factors.

Question 4

_____ is the most important political factor in helping patterns of social change speed up during the modern era.

A) The decline of transnational organizations
B) Users' increased access to the Internet
C) The emergence of the modern state
D) Global climate change

Question 5

According to the textbook,what role has the modern state played in the process of globalization?

A) It has encouraged protests.
B) It has been less involved in social life and the economy.
C) It has sped up patterns of change in the modern world.
D) It has stopped the movement of people through immigration policy.

Question 6

Which of the following examples is representative of social change through culture?

A) The indigenous population of Australia has remained hunters and gatherers,rather than cultivators of farmland.
B) Japan has remained a highly forested state because of policies established centuries ago to protect the natural environment.
C) Several modern discoveries in science were brought about by the space race between the United States and Russia.
D) Dr.Martin Luther King Jr.led a movement for social change based on the tenets of liberation theology.

Question 7

The fact that creationism is more likely to be taught in public schools located in more politically conservative districts is an example of the cultural prediction made by

A) Mark Juergensmeyer.
B) Karl Marx.
C) Max Weber.
D) Jared Diamond.

Question 8

Jared Diamond argued that five factors contributed to the collapse of Rwandan society.Of these five factors,three are related to

A) the economy.
B) the environment.
C) politics.
D) warfare.

Question 9

Globalization is best defined as

A) the expansion of a global economy.
B) the movement toward global equality.
C) rapidly diminishing how much humans interact.
D) the increasing interdependence of individuals,organizations,and nations.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of the cultural factors that might influence social change?

A) government
B) health
C) communication systems
D) corporations

Question 11

Jared Diamond's explanation of the collapse of Rwandan society places too much emphasis on _____ at the expense of other factors,according to critics.

A) ethnic tensions
B) cultural and political explanations
C) the government
D) the importance of the environment

Question 12

What factors contributed to Mahatma Gandhi's success in campaigning to free India from British rule?

A) Colonial schools educated the population to a sufficient degree such that they were willing to demand change.
B) Events such as World War II had unsettled colonial institutions in India.
C) The British government began to enact harsher laws,resulting in a backlash.
D) Neighboring countries were in a position to support the Indian social movement for independent rule.

Question 13

The textbook defines social change as

A) social order in social institutions.
B) the transformation of the social institutions and culture of a society over time.
C) the growing disputes over national boundaries around the world.
D) the transformation of the physical world.

Question 14

Human adaptation to cold climates,global warming,and access to clean water are examples of which major factor influencing social change?

A) political organization
B) physical environment
C) culture
D) economic factors

Question 15

The most far-reaching economic influence on social change has been

A) global capitalism.
B) the invention of the wheel.
C) the invention of money.
D) the technology of the agrarian revolution.

Question 16

The transformation of the social institutions and culture of a society over time is called

A) social change.
B) evolution.
C) forced change.
D) social continuation.

Question 17

A nation's head of state is struggling to maintain their political power in the face of increasingly deterritorialized economic power.According to William Robinson,the challenge their leadership is largely driven by is

A) globalization.
B) cultural diffusion.
C) postindustrial production.
D) deindustrialization.

Question 18

Capitalism stimulates social change in an unprecedented way because it

A) promotes constant revision of the technology of production,which increasingly draws religion into the process.
B) involves ever-increasing equality.
C) involves the constant expansion of production.
D) grants workers the means of production.

Question 19

According to your textbook,a truly global economy where production relies on a worldwide workforce has been made possible by

A) governments reducing the amount of security at national borders.
B) technological innovation.
C) economic shifts toward a production economy.
D) widespread access to nuclear weapons.

Question 20

The increasing influence people,organizations,and events around the world have on our lives is known as

A) social change.
B) globalization.
C) protesting.
D) warfare.

Question 21

Sociologists have argued that,in addition to organizing people for collective action,there is also a strong need for

A) atomization.
B) physical appearance.
C) federal funding.
D) resource mobilization.

Question 22

According to Karl Marx,the primary source of conflict that leads to revolution is a

A) change in the minds of the proletariat.
B) change in the minds of the bourgeoisie.
C) change in the forces of production.
D) change in the political system.

Question 23

Which of the following methodological approaches to a research project on social movements is a survey?

A) A researcher distributes electronic questionnaires to individuals on Twitter who are posting with the Black Lives Matter hashtag.
B) A researcher conducts a series of interviews with individuals who participate in Fight for 15 rallies to understand what motivates them to protest.
C) A researcher sends two sets of undergraduates out to interact with others and find out how people react to one of two conditions: (1)Black Lives Matter protesters in front of a campus administration building or (2)Fight for 15 protesters in front of a campus administration building.
D) A researcher examines the differences between the spread of social movements via social media in the United States vs.in the Middle East.

Question 24

The growth of jobs in the retail and food service sector and the decline in manufacturing jobs is referred to as

A) low-wage society.
B) industrial society.
C) information society.
D) postindustrial society.

Question 25

Some social movements arise in defense of the status quo.One example is the "bathroom bill" that has responded to the transgender equity movement by attempting to prevent people from using public bathrooms that don't correspond to their biological sex.This is an example of a

A) conservative movement.
B) traditional movement.
C) countermovement.
D) new social movement.

Question 26

Max Weber argued that revolutions resulted from competition between different groups attempting to gain access to

A) the means of production.
B) power.
C) capital.
D) raw materials.

Question 27

A postindustrial society is one based on the production of _____ rather than material goods.

A) services
B) food
C) information
D) financial goods

Question 28

Recently,Samuel's father was laid off from his job at the automobile-part manufacturing plant when it closed.Samuel currently works at a local coffee shop while he is finishing his college degree.The experiences of Samuel and his father reflect an economic shift toward a(n)

A) knowledge society.
B) industrial society.
C) service society.
D) consumption society.

Question 29

In many countries,economies are no longer defined by the production of material goods,relying instead on

A) the consumption of material goods.
B) warfare to sustain economies that depend on war.
C) agriculture to meet increased food demand.
D) the development and dissemination of information and knowledge.

Question 30

According to Neil Smelser,social movements take shape and engage in collective action because of

A) clashes of goals.
B) structural conditions.
C) an inspirational leader.
D) political breakdown.

Question 31

According to your textbook,the spread of Western secular beliefs around the world during the process of globalization paired with the decline in local traditional beliefs has led to

A) an increase in terrorist attacks based on religious beliefs.
B) more women entering the global workplace.
C) larger numbers of passengers on transcontinental flights.
D) a decline in the influence of social movements.

Question 32

A collective attempt to further a common interest or secure a common goal through action outside the sphere of established institutions is

A) collective behavior.
B) a social movement.
C) a riot.
D) a revolution.

Question 33

In a knowledge-based economy,many industrial workers have been left unemployed and without the skills required to find good jobs.According to the textbook,this is due to

A) new social problems,such as long-term unemployment.
B) global trade and new forms of technology.
C) long-standing employment patterns.
D) new types of education,which are training workers for the knowledge economy.

Question 34

Consider a community that has elected a leader who has promised the revitalization of a declining employment sector.At first,there are some improvements in living conditions,and the citizens have been inspired and expect improvements in their lives.However,if those improvements slow down,the community may become frustrated and begin to revolt against this new leader.This dynamic is referred to as

A) political deprivation.
B) absolute deprivation.
C) economic deprivation.
D) relative deprivation.

Question 35

Any action (by a nonstate organization)that is intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians to convince a government or organization to stop doing something is the definition of

A) globalization.
B) secularization.
C) postindustrial society.
D) terrorism.

Question 36

Rico,a student at a university in the United States,uses email and video-conferencing software to discuss his research project with his professor who is attending a conference in England.The ability to have these real-time conversations as if they were in the same room is an example of

A) time-space compression.
B) transnational economic development.
C) the spread of Western culture.
D) decreasing levels of globalization.

Question 37

Alain Touraine's theory of social movements suggests that the connections between a social movement and the forces or influences opposing it are referred to as

A) network conflict.
B) the field of action.
C) mutual compromise.
D) social movement institutionalization.

Question 38

According to some,mobilization is one of the main factors of collective action.Mobilization is

A) the ways in which a group acquires sufficient resources to make collective action possible.
B) a type of social protest.
C) the size of a crowd.
D) the ways in which the message of social protests spreads.

Question 39

White-collar workers are the most essential type of employee in a(n)

A) postindustrial society.
B) industrial society.
C) technology society.
D) urban society.

Question 40

James Davies argues that relative deprivation,not absolute deprivation,is what motivates revolution.Relative deprivation is the discrepancy between

A) those who believe society should be guided by religious faith and those who believe that capitalism should be the focus.
B) workers and those who own the means of production.
C) the lives people are forced to lead and what they think could realistically be achieved.
D) the educated and those with fewer skills.

Question 41

Seen as a unique product of late modern society,_____ differ significantly in methods,motivations,and orientations from the collective action of earlier times.

A) new social movements
B) postmodern social movements
C) civil society goals
D) postindustrial social movements

Question 42

The textbook notes the importance of the Internet for connecting people and ideas in ways that facilitate social movements.Applying this to Neil Smelser's six conditions underlying collective action,the availability of and access to the Internet would be an example of which condition?

A) structural strain
B) generalized beliefs
C) structural conduciveness
D) precipitating factors

Question 43

American society has a strong set of noneconomic institutions people socialize and interact in during their daily lives,such as the family,community associations,and schools.Due to these interactions,sociologists suggest that the United States has a strong

A) civil society.
B) anti-market belief system.
C) institutional control structure.
D) protest culture.

Question 44

In recent years,participants in social movements have shown an ability to do something that is particularly worrisome to oppressive governments.This is the ability to

A) develop charismatic leadership.
B) make phone calls to their elected representatives.
C) coordinate international political campaigns by using the Internet.
D) charter buses to transport demonstrators to rallies.

Question 45

What would be an example of a "precipitating factor" as defined in Neil Smelser's theory of social movements?

A) the overthrow of Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi
B) demonstration and riots in Tunisia
C) the spread of social movements labeled the Arab Spring
D) Tunisian street vendor Mohamed Bouazizi setting himself on fire in protest of the local police confiscating his wares

Question 46

According to the textbook,many contemporary social movements,such as the Arab Spring,rely heavily on

A) information technology.
B) unions.
C) riots.
D) violence.

Question 47

The rapid development and diffusion of _____ technologies,which have changed the so-called compression of time and space,have made the biggest contribution to accelerating and deepening the process of globalization.

A) accounting
B) transportation
C) manufacturing
D) communication

Question 48

New social movements are at the heart of _____,which is the sphere between the state and the marketplace occupied by family,community associations,and other noneconomic institutions.

A) social mobilization
B) structural strain
C) institutional control
D) civil society

Question 49

According to the textbook,the government of which country attempted to control the flow of Internet-based information to citizens by creating the "Great Firewall"?

A) Egypt
B) China
C) Syria
D) Korea

Question 50

Jon and Huong are friends attending college in different states.They keep in contact through email,texting,and social networking websites.Based on this example,technology has the capacity to do what?

A) overcome cultural differences
B) link economic and cultural gains
C) compress time and space
D) overcome the move toward the service economy

Question 51

Which of the following might be labeled a new social movement rather than a conventional social movement?

A) union movement
B) pro-democracy movement
C) gay,lesbian,bisexual,and transgender movement
D) prohibition movement

Question 52

According to the textbook,the United Nations (UN)is an international organization that

A) is a pioneering form of transnational governance.
B) has grown in its international influence over the last two decades.
C) often lacks the means to enforce its actions.
D) is challenged by the economic slowdown of its member nations.

Question 53

Which perspective in the globalization debate argues that regionalization within the world economy produces less integration and that national governments continue to play a vital role in the economy?

A) the hyperglobalizers
B) the skeptics
C) the transformationalists
D) the critics

Question 54

Transnational corporations account for _____ of all world trade.

A) half
B) one-third
C) two-thirds
D) nine-tenths

Question 55

Participation in new social movements is often seen as a(n)_____ whereby participants make a statement about who they are.

A) goal-oriented
B) expressive logic
C) personal expression
D) moral declination

Question 56

According to the textbook,globalization is being driven by the integration of the world economy,which is now dominated by "weightless activity." Products in this "weightless economy" are based in

A) the Internet.
B) information.
C) service.
D) consumption.

Question 57

According to the textbook,which among the following the most significant political causes of globalization was

A) the collapse of the Soviet bloc and the end of isolation for the former second world.
B) the rise of Islamic fundamentalism as a response to Western political influence in the Arab world.
C) the development of a socialist alternative to the capitalist world market.
D) the influx of Syrian immigrants into Europe.

Question 58

According to globalization skeptics,compared with patterns of trade a century ago,today

A) the world economy is less global and more regionalized.
B) the world economy is more global and less regionalized.
C) there is less trade because there are too many types of currency.
D) the world economy has not changed much.

Question 59

The growing influence of _____ has/have been among the political changes contributing to the intensification of globalization.

A) local mechanisms of government
B) national identity
C) family
D) international nongovernmental organizations

Question 60

Which of the following is the best example of a transnational corporation?

A) a software company in Silicon Valley that employs about two hundred people from around the United States,using telecommuting technology
B) Gooden,Brogan,Cangas,and Romero,a law firm with two thousand employees in three countries
C) College Cleaners,a janitorial service that cleans university buildings
D) a clothing company in India that exports much of its product internationally

Question 61

According to a recent Credit Suisse report,almost _____ of all the world's wealth is currently owned by just _____ of the population.

A) 10 percent;10 percent
B) 70 percent;1 percent
C) 50 percent;1 percent
D) 50 percent;50 percent

Question 62

The declining influence of social class,gender,ethnicity,and other social categories best describes which process?

A) hyperglobalization
B) individualism
C) time-space compression
D) transnationalism

Question 63

How has the increase in flexible work arrangements affected workers?

A) Workers face greater stability and higher benefits in the labor market.
B) Workers face greater uncertainty and risk in the labor market.
C) Corporations are more likely to respond to individual workers' needs,rather than setting policies for large groups of workers.
D) Workers have greater freedom to move from job to job while retaining a social safety net.

Question 64

Which perspective in the globalization debate takes a middle position and sees many old patterns persisting while the broader global order is transforming in a dynamic process that is open to influence and change?

A) the skeptics
B) the transformationalists
C) the critics
D) the hyperglobalizers

Question 65

A developing nation-state with relatively little global political power is becoming increasingly concerned with the political climate of a more powerful,highly developed nation-state.In part,this is due to the fact the decisions of the more powerful nation-state will likely affect the future of the citizens in both countries.This is an example of what Ulrich Beck calls

A) manufactured risk.
B) shared risk.
C) external risk.
D) risk society.

Question 66

Some sociologists worry that globalization is leading to the creation of a global culture where the values of the most powerful and affluent overwhelm the strength of local customs and tradition.This process is called

A) hyperglobalization.
B) Westernization.
C) cultural imperialism.
D) differentiation.

Question 67

Which of the following perspectives on globalization believes that globalization is challenging the power of nation-states?

A) the believers
B) the transformationalists
C) the skeptics
D) the hyperglobalizers

Question 68

Globalization and information technology have made it more likely that people will work from home,share jobs with other employees,work on short-term consulting projects,and work in a system of flextime.These patterns are examples of how globalization has

A) increased pay inequality between racial-ethnic groups.
B) increased gender equity of pay by making it easier to combine paid work and family work.
C) made full-time work more likely for those without a college degree.
D) dissolved standard patterns of full-time work.

Question 69

In the past,humans experienced famine and floods,or _____;today,because of globalization,humans now face _____ created by the effects of our own knowledge and technology on the natural world.

A) natural risk;manufactured risk
B) manufactured risk;external risk
C) external risk;manufactured risk
D) hyper-risk;manufactured risk

Question 70

Globalization is an uneven process,and because of this,the disparity between the developed world and the developing world is

A) decreasing rapidly.
B) greater than ever.
C) growing but is still less than it was in the nineteenth century.
D) slowly shrinking.

Question 71

According to the transformationalist perspective on globalization,the political structures of countries are adapting to challenges from

A) terrorist organizations.
B) a declining world economy.
C) resistant citizens.
D) new forms of economic and social organization.

Question 72

How would you best describe the gap in economic growth between the poorest and the richest countries?

A) The disparity between the developed world and the developing world widened steadily over the twentieth century and is now the largest it has ever been.
B) Technological changes have allowed the poorest countries to catch up to their wealthier neighbors.
C) The gap between the world's richest and poorest countries has narrowed significantly in the past twenty-five years.
D) The increase in international trade has made the gap between the richest and poorest countries almost disappear.

Question 73

According to the textbook,in terms of people's working lives,globalization makes it more likely that an individual will experience

A) a labor market that values skills in manual labor.
B) a self-made career path,with several employment changes over his or her lifetime.
C) working for one company over the course of his or her life.
D) a career in the manufacturing industry.

Question 74

Which of the following would be considered a manufactured risk?

A) the 1979 Three Mile Island nuclear disaster in Pennsylvania
B) Florida being pummeled with four hurricanes in 2004
C) the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina
D) the toxic gases released by the eruption of Washington State's Mount St.Helens in 1980 and 2004

Question 75

According to the hyperglobalizers,what is the consequence of national governments' inability to address global financial market instability and environmental problems?

A) Citizens advocate for reduced participation in the global marketplace.
B) Citizens advocate for stronger international organizations.
C) Citizens join social movements against the capitalist class.
D) Citizens lose faith in existing systems of government.

Question 76

Transformationalists depict globalization as a tension between international and transnational social forces.Which is the most accurate description of what these social forces are?

A) International forces refer to ways that cultures and social thought diffuse across the world,such as the spread of music from one region to another,while transnational forces refer to the ways that nations may interact with and influence one another,such as through peace treaties.
B) International forces refer to country-specific organizations and governments,whereas transnational forces refer to multicountry agencies such as the World Trade Organization (WTO).
C) International forces refer to ways that nations may interact with and influence one another,such as through trade agreements,while transnational forces refer to ways that cultures and social thought diffuse across the world,such as the spread of social movements across regions within a short period of time.
D) International forces refer to multicountry agencies such as the WTO,while transnational forces refer to country-specific organizations and governments.

Question 77

In recent years,individuals have had an increased opportunity to shape their own lives.This phenomenon is known as

A) globalization.
B) knowledge production.
C) individualism.
D) new movement.

Question 78

According to transformationalists,globalization is a dynamic and open process that is subject to influence and change.Which attribute is associated with this view?

A) Globalization is a decentered and self-aware process characterized by links and cultural flows that work in a multidimensional way.
B) Globalization is a one-way flow of images,information,and influences.
C) We live in a state-centric world;governments must adopt a more active,inward-looking stance because of the process of globalization.
D) Information takes longer to travel across space and time.

Question 79

The increased risk of skin cancer is a manufactured risk that likely relates to

A) the depletion of the ozone layer.
B) chemicals in common household products.
C) people not wearing enough sunscreen.
D) changing beauty norms.

Question 80

Which perspective on globalization argues that globalization is producing a borderless world in which national governments are no longer in control of their own economies?

A) the skeptics
B) the transformationalists
C) the hyperglobalizers
D) the critics