Deck 11: Families and Intimate Relationships

Question 1

Alisha learns the American norms of politeness from her parents.This learning is associated with which function of the family discussed by Talcott Parsons?

A) primary socialization
B) personality stabilization
C) affective function
D) instrumental function

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to Willard Waller,who has the most power in a romantic relationship?

A) the woman
B) the man
C) the person with the highest income
D) the partner who is least committed to the romantic relationship

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A socially and legally acknowledged and approved sexual union between two adult individuals is called

A) cohabitation.
B) a marriage.
C) kinship.
D) a family.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is a criticism of the symbolic interactionist approach?

A) It places too much emphasis on cooperation and consensus.
B) It focuses too much on deeply embedded gender differences in social and interpersonal power.
C) It focuses too much on social structure.
D) It tells us why something is happening,but it does not tell us how.

Question 5

A _____ is a group in which the individuals are related to one another by blood ties,marriage,or adoption and form an economic unit in which the adult members are responsible for the upbringing of children.

A) family
B) household
C) kinship network
D) village

Question 6

Emslie and colleagues (2009)studied colorectal cancer patients.They found that

A) colorectal cancer patients could no longer maintain their gendered identities.
B) colorectal cancer patients did gender even though they could no longer carry out the gender-typed household roles.
C) female colorectal cancer patients no longer concerned themselves with the housework and child care.
D) male colorectal cancer patients became increasingly concerned with the housework and child care.

Question 7

_____ has grown less common over time,due to multiple social and economic conditions,including increasing levels of democracy,a declining acceptance of arranged marriage,an increase in marriages based on a desire for love and companionship,and strides in the education and human rights protections afforded to women.

A) Polygyny
B) Belief in romantic love
C) Polyandry
D) Monogamy

Question 8

In studies of immigrant families,researchers found that

A) the parent-child relationship pattern typical of the country of origin became the default pattern in unfamiliar contexts.
B) parents and children often must renegotiate their roles in unfamiliar contexts.
C) children continue to have lower status than their parents,even if they have a better understanding of the language and practices in the United States.
D) schoolteachers and health-care providers almost never allow children to serve as the family's liaison.

Question 9

Vincent lives with his parents and both sets of grandparents in the same house.His uncle's family lives next door.The members of his house and his uncle's family have a close and continuous relationship with one another.This type of arrangement is an example of a(n)

A) nuclear family.
B) extended family.
C) nonfamily household.
D) conventional family.

Question 10

According to the functionalist perspective,identify which of the following is an example of personality stabilization.

A) A mother reminds her child to say "thank you" after receiving a present.
B) A husband comforts his wife after she loses her job.
C) A married partner is restrained from cheating on her spouse because of marriage vows.
D) A father goes to work despite feeling sick to pay for his child's tuition fees.

Question 11

Which type of society would Talcott Parsons consider the conventional family most suitable for?

A) hunting and gathering
B) agrarian
C) postmodern
D) industrial

Question 12

It was common in Ladakhi society for brothers to share one wife.This type of marriage is an example of

A) monogamy.
B) polygyny.
C) polyandry.
D) hypergamy.

Question 13

Which of the following terms refers to the family's role in raising a child,according to the functionalist perspective?

A) primary socialization
B) personality stabilization
C) instrumental role
D) affective role

Question 14

Members of the Native American Standing Rock Sioux tribe share history and bonds based on a common lineage of blood relatives.This form of relationship is also known as

A) cohabitation.
B) a household.
C) kinship.
D) a village.

Question 15

Jim and Joan are two adults who live together in a household with their two biological children and one adopted child.This kind of group is an example of a(n)

A) nuclear family.
B) extended family.
C) nonfamily household.
D) skip-generation family.

Question 16

Suzanne has two biological sons that she raised from birth.Her two sons are members of her

A) family of orientation.
B) family of procreation.
C) chosen family.
D) adopted family.

Question 17

During the 1970s and 1980s,feminist perspectives dominated most debates and research on families.According to the textbook,on what did they largely focus?

A) family structures
B) historical development of the nuclear and extended family
C) the importance of kinship ties
D) the experiences of women in the domestic sphere

Question 18

Which sociological perspective sees the family as performing important tasks that contribute to society's basic needs and helping to perpetuate the existence of major social institutions and practices?

A) functionalism
B) Marxism
C) symbolic interactionism
D) feminism

Question 19

A form of marriage in which each married partner is allowed only one spouse at any given time is called

A) monogamy.
B) polygamy.
C) polygyny.
D) polyandry.

Question 20

Amir has two biological brothers that he grew up with.His two brothers are members of his

A) family of orientation.
B) family of procreation.
C) chosen family.
D) adopted family.

Question 21

Among the Hispanic groups listed below,which is the most prosperous?

A) Mexican Americans
B) Puerto Rican Americans
C) Cuban Americans
D) Dominican Americans

Question 22

Which of the following statements best characterizes American families today?

A) The percentage of Americans who live alone has decreased over the last fifty years.
B) One-fifth of U.S.households today are made up of a married couple and their children.
C) Three-fifths of U.S.households today are made up of a married couple and their children.
D) Men outearn their wives in roughly one in two households today.

Question 23

Which group has the highest rate of intermarriage?

A) Asian Americans
B) Native Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) African Americans

Question 24

Which theoretical perspective is most likely to agree with the following statement: "Contemporary couples are seeking to be more symmetrical,but in reality men do not perform their share of the housework."

A) functionalism
B) postmodernism
C) feminism
D) symbolic interactionism

Question 25

Which of the following statements best represents a feminist understanding of the family?

A) Men continue to bear the main responsibility for domestic tasks.
B) The best way to structure a family is to have one parent responsible for the nurturing duties and another responsible for providing for the family economically.
C) Women invest large amounts of emotional labor in maintaining personal relationships.
D) Jobs that involve caring,such as child-care worker,nanny,or elderly companion,are among the highest paid of all occupations.

Question 26

Which of the following best describes the changes in household size throughout the history of the United States?

A) Family size has shrunk dramatically from the early farming years to the current urban setting.
B) The family in the United States today consists predominantly of small nuclear families;for the first two hundred years of U.S.history,the family was a large extended family.
C) The proportion of people living alone has gradually decreased.
D) The nuclear family seems to have long been preeminent,with household sizes shrinking only modestly over the past few centuries.

Question 27

According to Stephanie Coontz,why isn't the colonial family as idyllic as often portrayed?

A) Wives were confined to the home.
B) Women often felt trapped in their domestic role.
C) Divorce rates were high.
D) High death rates meant there was a great deal of family instability.

Question 28

Which of the following statements concerning black and white families is true?

A) Blacks have lower rates of childbearing outside of marriage than whites.
B) Blacks are less likely ever to marry than whites.
C) Blacks are more likely to marry after having a nonmarital birth than whites.
D) Black families with children are less likely than white families with children to be female headed.

Question 29

Which general perspective has been most concerned with the domestic division of labor,unequal power relationships,and caring activities in the family?

A) functionalism
B) Marxism
C) feminism
D) symbolic interactionism

Question 30

Asian American families historically have been characterized by an interdependence among members of the extended family.Some sociologists attribute this to

A) cultural beliefs related to filial piety that exist in Asian American families.
B) the prevalence of hypergamy in Asian American families.
C) the prevalence of skip-generation households in Asian American families.
D) the "tangle of pathology" that exists among Asian American families.

Question 31

Which of the following statements best describes American families in the colonial era?

A) Compared with contemporary standards,the average duration of marriages was much longer.
B) More than half of all children saw the death of at least one parent by the time they were twenty-one years old.
C) The way in which authority was exercised would be considered exceedingly permissive by today's standards.
D) The colonial family was peaceful and harmonious,unlike most contemporary families.

Question 32

Which of the following is a change related to the creation of a worldwide movement toward the predominance of the nuclear family and the breakdown of extended-family systems and other types of kinship groups?

A) the spread of the idea of romantic love
B) the power and influence of the antiabortion movement
C) large-scale migration from urban to rural areas
D) the development of autonomous local governments in areas previously controlled by centralized governments

Question 33

About what percent of American adults in their mid-fifties are or have previously been married?

A) 35 percent
B) 51 percent
C) 65 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 34

Which of the following best explains the global trend toward later marriages in the last several decades?

A) the resurgence of social conservatism
B) increases in postsecondary school enrollment
C) increased economic standing of men since the late 1980s
D) the continuing stigma of cohabitation

Question 35

Which of the following statements below best characterizes American households?

A) The number of Americans living in multigenerational households has been declining for several decades.
B) Young college graduates are moving back into their parents' homes in unprecedented numbers,as they face bleak job prospects.
C) The declining immigrant population has contributed to the decline in multigenerational households.
D) The number of grandparents living with and raising their grandchildren has declined steadily since the 1990s.

Question 36

Which of the follow statements would family sociologists studying racial and ethnic differences most agree with?

A) The most striking differences in family structure are between the family lives of whites and Asian Americans.
B) Racial and ethnic differences in family structure are almost completely explained by cultural differences.
C) Racial and ethnic differences in family structure are almost completely explained by economic differences.
D) Ethnicity and socioeconomic status are so closely intertwined in the United States that it is difficult to distinguish effects of one over the other.

Question 37

From which country can Hispanics easily enter the United States because it is a commonwealth of the United States?

A) Mexico
B) Puerto Rico
C) Cuba
D) El Salvador

Question 38

Betty Friedan,in her widely read book,The Feminine Mystique,refers to "the problem with no name." What is this phrase referring to?

A) the oppressive nature of a domestic life bound up with child care and domestic drudgery
B) the fear of divorce,especially after couples have been together for more than five years
C) adultery,which is especially common among closeted homosexuals
D) domestic abuse,which usually goes unreported

Question 39

Which of the statements below best characterizes Asian American families?

A) Asian American family and friend networks often pool money to help their members start a business or buy a house.
B) The median family income for Asian Americans is lower than most other racial groups.
C) Asians are more likely than other racial groups to marry within their race.
D) Compared to other races,Asian Americans have high levels of divorce.

Question 40

Which of the following statements best describes the changes that are occurring in the family globally?

A) Clans and other kin groups are increasing in influence.
B) Religious backlash has resulted in more restrictions on sexuality.
C) Women's and children's rights are more widely recognized.
D) Birth rates are increasing.

Question 41

Which of the following statements concerning child abuse is true?

A) The most common form of child abuse is sexual abuse.
B) Almost all child deaths from abuse or neglect are recorded.
C) Less than half of victims were maltreated by their parents.
D) African American children suffered a higher rate of abuse than white and Hispanic children.

Question 42

Mary and John have been in a cohabiting relationship for a year.Based on what you read in the textbook,which of the following statements is most likely to be true?

A) Both Mary and John are cohabiting to ensure compatibility before marriage.
B) Both Mary and John want to keep their expenses separate while cohabiting.
C) Mary is more likely to worry about the loss of freedom that marriage would entail than John.
D) John is more likely to worry that cohabitation would further delay marriage than Mary.

Question 43

One conclusion we can draw from recent research on online dating is that

A) black women receive the most initial messages.
B) white men receive the fewest initial messages.
C) users tend to show the greatest interest in those of their same ethnic background.
D) hypergamy is more typical of men than women.

Question 44

What is the main reason why children raised by one parent do not do as well as children raised by two parents,on average?

A) Parents who divorce do not devote enough time and attention to parenting and do a worse job monitoring their children than families with two parents.
B) Children suffer irreparable emotional trauma from divorce.
C) The drop in economic well-being following a divorce appears to explain the majority of the "effect" of divorce on child outcomes.
D) Children face social stigma from classmates,teachers,and kin due to their parents' divorce.

Question 45

The proportion of young couples who cohabit today is roughly

A) 10 percent.
B) 30 percent.
C) 50 percent.
D) 70 percent.

Question 46

Which of the following statements concerning divorce is true?

A) About one-half of children born in 1980 became members of a one-parent family.
B) Most men and women who are divorced never remarry.
C) Most children are traumatized by divorce even decades after their parents separate.
D) The economic well-being of women increases after divorce due to liberal alimony laws.

Question 47

What is the relationship between living standards and postdivorce situations?

A) Both men's and women's living standards tend to increase in the first year following the divorce settlement.
B) Men's living standards tend to decrease,while women's living standards tend to increase in the first year following the divorce settlement.
C) Men who were contributing more than 80 percent to family income prior to divorce tend to experience an improvement in their living standards after divorce.
D) Men who were contributing less than 80 percent to family income prior to divorce tend to experience an improvement in their living standards after divorce.

Question 48

According to the textbook,the term used to describe two persons living together in a sexual relationship of some permanence,without being married to one another,is

A) living apart together.
B) going steady.
C) engagement.
D) cohabitation.

Question 49

Recent studies on children of divorce derived from population-based samples find that

A) most people with divorced parents have serious mental health problems.
B) few children experience an initial period of intense emotional upset after their parents separate.
C) most children adjust without serious problems within two years of the separation.
D) most children experience some long-term problems as a result of the breakup that may persist into adulthood.

Question 50

The majority of nonmarital births

A) are to women in cohabiting relationships.
B) are to women ages thirty-five and older.
C) are to "single mothers by choice."
D) are to middle-class women with strong support networks or extended family ties.

Question 51

Which of the following is a finding from the research of Judith Wallerstein and colleagues on children of divorced parents?

A) Few children experienced intense emotional disturbance at the time of the divorce.
B) There was little evidence of short- or long-term deleterious consequences of parental divorce.
C) As they entered adulthood,almost all were optimistic,high achieving,and confident.
D) Ten or fifteen years later,nearly half the then-young-adult children reported difficulties in their romantic relationships,compromised self-esteem,and a sense of underachievement.

Question 52

A 1985 study by Murray Straus and his colleagues found that _____ percent of married people reported at least one incident of intimate partner violence at some point in their marriage.

A) 5
B) 28
C) 56
D) 81

Question 53

Which of the following is a factor in explaining why divorce rates increased so steeply in the 1960s and 1970s?

A) Changes in the law made getting a divorce easier.
B) Personal satisfaction became less important.
C) Adults became less concerned about the welfare of their children.
D) The stigma of divorce increased.

Question 54

Joan shoved her husband Jack during a heated argument about buying a new car.The argument was not rooted in power or control.Michael Johnson would call this type of intimate partner violence

A) patriarchal terrorism.
B) feminist terrorism.
C) common couple violence.
D) severe violence.

Question 55

Which of the following statements concerning single-parent households is true?

A) Most single-parent households are male headed.
B) For most single mothers,being a single mother was their first choice.
C) There is a high correlation between births outside marriage and indicators of poverty.
D) African American families have a low proportion of single-parent households.

Question 56

Which of the following factors decreases the likelihood that a person will get a divorce?

A) being married at a young age
B) divorced parents
C) having low income
D) being childless before marrying

Question 57

Erica recently married Jermain.Jermain has a seventeen-year-old daughter named Arabia from a previous marriage.Erica considers herself progressive while Arabia considers herself conservative,and they often disagree over politics.How might a sociologist understand this dynamic?

A) Women of different ages have a difficult time getting along.
B) Liberal-identifying women are statistically more likely to have a difficult time with stepchildren because they care less about family values.
C) Erica is violating the social role of stepmother,therefore causing the conflict.
D) Most stepchildren belong to two households,so the possibilities of ideological clashes are considerable.

Question 58

A family in which at least one partner has children from a previous marriage is known as a

A) nuclear family.
B) stepfamily.
C) conventional family.
D) extended family.

Question 59

What is the main reason why children raised by one parent do not do as well as children raised by two parents,on average?

A) Parents who divorce do not devote enough time and attention to parenting and do a worse job monitoring their children than families with two parents.
B) Children suffer irreparable emotional trauma from divorce.
C) The drop in economic well-being following a divorce appears to explain the majority of the "effect" of divorce on child outcomes.
D) Children face social stigma from classmates,teachers,and kin due to their parents' divorce.

Question 60

Which group among those listed below has the highest level of nonmarital fertility in the United States?

A) Chinese
B) Japanese
C) Filipino
D) non-Hispanic whites

Question 61

Isabelle and Antonio's parents divorced two years ago,and while Isabelle is generally happy and well adjusted,Antonio is having a harder time and often cannot concentrate in school.Do both of these children fit the norm for children of divorced parents? Please explain your answer in two to four sentences.

Question 62

Which of the following statements is true regarding being single?

A) The number of people classified as single has declined in recent decades.
B) Fewer people are living on their own after their marriages end.
C) Few people want to stay single because of the stigma attached to it.
D) Research shows that people who live alone (by choice)are no better or worse off than their partnered peers.

Question 63

Nellie was worried about her mother living on her own after she divorced Nellie's father.How might Eric Klinenberg's research help assuage Nellie's fears?

A) He found that people living alone actually have more,rather than less,social interaction than their married counterparts.
B) Klinenberg's respondents reported higher-than-average IQs,possibly because people who live alone spend more time reading.
C) People who live alone reported experiencing moderate anxiety,but that feeling dissipated within one year.
D) People who live alone tend to be more financially stable than those who live with someone else.

Question 64

In a short paragraph,explain the feminist critique of the "conventional" family.

Question 65

Describe Talcott Parsons's view of the family in one to three sentences.What are two criticisms of his approach?

Question 66

In the 2012 summer issue of Atlantic magazine,Anne-Marie Slaughter,who was the first female director of policy planning at the State Department,wrote an article titled "Why Women Still Can't Have It All." In the article,she argues that women today still struggle to balance a family and their career.In a couple of sentences,please explain how a feminist perspective on the family may help shed light on this issue.

Question 67

Does cohabitation lead to divorce? What explanations have been proposed to understand the relationship between cohabitation and divorce? Please answer in a paragraph,using research from the textbook.

Question 68

In a short paragraph,please discuss the differences in family patterns between white and black families.

Question 69

Who is MOST likely to be child-free?

A) white women
B) black women
C) Asian women
D) Hispanic women

Question 70

In a short paragraph,describe the symbolic interactionist approach to the study of the family.Use the studies mentioned in the textbook to illustrate your points.Discuss the approach's weakness and potential blind spots when it comes to studying the family.

Question 71

Among the categories listed below,which group would sociologists predict is the most likely to get married at least once in their lifetime?

A) college-educated black women
B) poor black men
C) people born before 1980
D) Millennials

Question 72

Which of the following methodological approaches to a research project on same-sex parent families would be an experiment?

A) A researcher conducts a series of interviews with same-sex and heterosexual families to understand choices surrounding insemination,surrogates,and adoption.
B) A researcher distributes paper questionnaires to same-sex families asking them about their household and children.
C) A researcher examines the differences in same-sex couples' adoption practices in the United States vs.Europe.
D) A researcher sends two sets of parents out to interact with others in a coffee shop and find out how people respond to one of two conditions: a gay couple with a crying male baby,and a heterosexual couple with a crying male baby.

Question 73

In 2016,a New York family court guaranteed married lesbian couples the right to participate in second-parent adoptions.What does this mean?

A) One parent adopts a child and the partner applies to be second or co-parent.
B) Adopted children can have two sets of parents: birth parents and adoptive parents.
C) Lesbian couples can apply to have a man legally serve as father to their adopted child.
D) Children are able to choose if they want one or two adoptive parents,regardless of the parent's sexual orientation.

Question 74

What might be one reason why researchers have difficulty calculating the rate of childlessness?

A) Blended families make it more difficult to discern who is a parent and who isn't.
B) People whose children have grown into adults sometimes consider themselves childless,which may inaccurately alter statistics.
C) Childlessness is highly stigmatized,so people are likely to misreport their status to survey researchers.
D) Women are having their first child at an older average age,making it difficult to decide at what point someone is childless.

Question 75

Which of the following is a trend related to cohabiting?

A) Decreasing numbers of people are cohabiting.
B) Most cohabiters eventually marry the partner they are cohabiting with.
C) There has been an increase in the rate at which unmarried women begin cohabiting with their partners once they find out they are pregnant.
D) Cohabitation as an alternative to marriage is a trend unique to the United States.

Question 76

List at least three explanations that account for the trend toward later marriages in the United States in recent decades.In a few sentences,explain which you find most compelling and why.

Question 77

Based on what you've read about cohabitation in this chapter,why might longtime cohabiters with no plans to marry prefer cohabitation?

A) They do not want to commit to their partner.
B) They consider cohabitation to be edgy and boundary-breaking.
C) They have unease about the meanings associated with marriage.
D) They think that marriage will have no impact on their relationship.

Question 78

In what year did the Supreme Court guarantee the right to marriage for all,including same-sex couples?

A) 1968
B) 1984
C) 2001
D) 2015

Question 79

What does Eric Klinenberg conclude from his research on people who live alone?

A) Living alone can be a positive experience for the young and old.
B) Living alone is correlated with higher rates of depression and social isolation.
C) Living alone has some positive benefits after a relationship break up but is detrimental in the long term.
D) Young people who live alone report feeling happy and free to pursue their interests,but old people living alone did not report these experiences.

Question 80

Sociologists have identified seven important changes that characterize transformations in the global family structure over the past half century.In three to five sentences,name two of those changes that you find the most compelling and explain why.