Deck 19: Assessment of Sleep and Breathing

Question 1

According to the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), approximately how many Americans suffer from some type of sleep disorder?

A) 8 million
B) 18 million
C) 28 million
D) 38 million

Answer 1

18 million

Question 2

How would you diagnose central sleep apnea (CSA)?

A) Obesity
B) Patient complains of EDS
C) Excessive snoring
D) 10-s apnea without respiratory effort during sleep

Answer 2

10-s apnea without respiratory effort during sleep

Question 3

Which of the following will assist the RT in predicting sleep apnea?

A) Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)
B) Berlin Questionnaire
C) Inspection of the chest
D) Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer 3

Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)

Question 4

What is the most common complaint of patients with obstructive sleep apnea?

A) Snoring
B) Headache
C) Bedwetting
D) Excessive daytime sleepiness

Question 5

What sleep assessment study is used to diagnose sleep disorders?

A) Overnight oximetry
B) Polysomnography
C) Electroencephalogram (EEG)
D) Leg twitch study

Question 6

What occurs during REM that results in sleep disordered breathing?

A) Hypotension
B) Rise in heart rate
C) Fall in respiratory rate
D) Upper airway narrowing

Question 7

In which stage of sleep is "restorative sleep" thought to occur?

A) REM
B) N1
C) N2
D) N3

Question 8

Which of the following would be part of the montage monitored during a polysomnogram study (PSG)?
1) SpO₂
2) ECG
3) EEG
4) EMG of abdomen

A)1 and 3
B)2 and 3
C)1, 2, and 3
D)2, 3, and 4

Question 9

What is the first sign of sleep disordered breathing?

A) Snoring
B) Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)
C) Hypercarbia
D) Cyanosis

Question 10

Which phase of sleep is characterized by delta or slow waves?

A) REM
B) N1
C) N2
D) N3

Question 11

A patient comment regarding the lack of dreaming could mean that the patient is not spending a significant period of sleep in which stage?

A) REM
B) N1
C) N2
D) N3

Question 12

During which stage of sleep are skeletal muscles partially paralyzed, thus greatly affecting ventilation and maintenance of the upper airway?

A) REM
B) N1
C) N2
D) N3

Question 13

Which of the following would be most suggestive of a patient who is liable to have sleep disordered breathing?

A) One with a smoking history
B) An obese patient
C) A very tall and thin patient
D) A patient with a history of hypertension

Question 14

In which stage of sleep does the brain show electrical activity similar to wakefulness on EEG tracings?

A) REM
B) N1
C) N2
D) N3

Question 15

Which of the following diagnostically defines the presence of moderate sleep apnea?

A) AHI of 12
B) AHI of 22
C) AHI of 32
D) AHI of 42

Question 16

A reduction in airflow of between 4% and 50% of baseline airflow for at least 10 s during sleep defines which of the following?

A) Apnea
B) Respiratory effort-related arousal (RERA)
C) Arousal
D) Hypopnea

Question 17

If, upon assessment, the Mallampati score is class 4, the patient would be at high risk for which type of sleep disordered breathing?

A) CSA
B) OSA
C) Mixed sleep apnea (MSA)
D) SIDS

Question 18

What stage of sleep is characterized by large eye rolls and low-amplitude waves on EEG recordings?

A) REM
B) N1
C) N2
D) N3

Question 19

A patient has an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 12. What would this be considered?

A) Normal
B) Mild sleep apnea
C) Moderate sleep apnea
D) Severe sleep apnea

Question 20

To meet the definitive criteria for sleep apnea, how many seconds of airflow cessation during sleep must be documented?

A) 4 s
B) 6 s
C) 8 s
D) 10 s

Question 21

Cheyne-Stokes breathing is associated most closely with which type of sleep disordered breathing?

A) Central sleep apnea
B) Obstructive sleep apnea
C) Mixed sleep apnea
D) Sudden infant death syndrome

Question 22

Which of the following are considered symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
1) Morning headaches
2) Memory loss
3) Hyperactive behavior
4) Ability to wake easily from sleep

A)1 and 3
B)2 and 4
C)1, 2, and 3
D)2, 3, and 4

Question 23

What treatments are available for a patient diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea?
1) CPAP
2) RERA
3) BiPAP
4) UPPP

A)1 and 3
B)2 and 4
C)1, 3, and 4
D)2, 3, and 4

Question 24

What is the peak age of incidence for SIDS?

A) Birth to 1 month
B) 2 to 4 months
C) 4 to 8 months
D) 8 months to 1 year

Question 25

With what pattern of sleep disordered breathing is SIDS thought to be associated?

A) CSA
B) OSA
C) MSA
D) RERA