Deck 15: Social Movements

Question 1

________ in sociology means primarily a rejection of the scholarship that has sought to explain "modernity."

Answer 1

Postmodernism

Question 2

The best-known regional movements are those that appeared primarily in the ________ provinces between the two world wars.

Answer 2

Prairie

Question 3

The ________ norm theory contends that members of a crowd perceive, rightly or wrongly; that a consensus exists about a specific action that should be taken.

Answer 3

emergent

Question 4

Which of the following types of collective behaviour is considered to be the best organized and most institutionalized?

A) panic
B) crowd
C) crazes and fads
D) public
E) social movements

Question 5

Social contagion refers to the phenomenon whereby an idea, belief, or perception (often a fear) spreads through a group of people much like a/an ________.

Question 6

________ occur when people are overcome by fear or apprehension, and try to save themselves or their possessions by taking immediate action.

Question 7

The "social breakdown" perspective on collective behaviour owes a considerable debt to Durkheim's notion of social ________.

Question 8

A/an ________ is a large and, usually, dispersed group made up of persons who share an interest in the same thing.

Question 9

Almost throughout the period since Confederation, ________ as an ideology has been popular among the Quebecois.

Question 10

In a Canadian neighbourhood, a group of young people wearing rings in their tongues is collective ________.

A) action
B) behaviour
C) cleavage
D) integration
E) institution

Question 11

The fashion and personal appearance style known as "punk" would be viewed as a ________, as defined by most sociologists.

A) fad
B) panic
C) craze
D) social movement
E) circular reaction

Question 12

The term ________ refers to the domination of a class or alliance of classes over others, economically, politically, and culturally.

Question 13

A/an ________ cleavage is a division based on class, ethnicity, etc., that may result in the formation of distinct social groups.

Question 14

________ occurs when a large number of people do not accept some of the prevailing values, norms, and/or leaders in a society. They are unwilling to tolerate things the way they are, or they do not following normal routines and may try to persuade others not to follow them as well.

Question 15

Canadians who are concerned about the dangers of nuclear energy can be regarded as a:

A) crowd
B) fringe group
C) public
D) social movement
E) moral enterprise

Question 16

A/an ________ is a large collectivity of people trying to bring about or resist social change.

Question 17

The concept of ________ refers to a difference between people's expectations and their actual achievements.

Question 18

________ is the study of optimal decision making when decision makers ae assumed to be rational and when each decision maker tries to anticipate the actions and reactions of other decision makers.

Question 19

The term ________ describes a movement in the 1960s in Quebec to expand governmental powers, to decrease church power, and to modernize the province.

Question 20

The 'Great Fear' in France in July 1789 is a famous example of ________, in which the idea that gangs of aristocratic brigands were ravaging the countryside was spread across the countryside by travelers and postal carriers, with the result that peasants armed themselves and attacked aristocratic homes.

A) social contagion
B) fear contagion
C) phobic contagion
D) chain reactivity
E) cognitive interaction

Question 21

The term status communities refers to:

A) enduring communities that have lived together a long time and share language, culture, and other attributes
B) communities with strictly European ties
C) communities with a capitalist infrastructure
D) communities that come together for a specific reason or purpose
E) communities that are separated geographically but have a common origin

Question 22

The emergent norm theory was developed by Turner and Killian. Unlike Blumer, they argued that there is great ________ among those who participate in a crowd.

A) fear
B) emotion
C) diversity
D) commonality
E) joie de vivre

Question 23

Which of the following statements about Quebec nationalism is NOT true?

A) nationalism in Quebec is a recent development
B) nationalist movements in Quebec have been among the largest and most successful social movements in Canada
C) a stimulus for Quebec nationalism has consistently been fear of assimilation with English-speaking Canada
D) it has been argued that the separatist movement was a direct result of the Quiet Revolution
E) recent research has demonstrated that in general, French Canadians in urban areas may support federalism more than French Canadians living in rural areas.

Question 24

A major criticism of both postmodernism and the new social movement literature is that it is ethnocentric, specifically Eurocentric, and that it is fixated on ________ experiences.

A) European
B) ethnic
C) lower class
D) middle class
E) upper class

Question 25

One of the most interesting and significant documents in Canadian history was the ________ Manifesto. It was a CCF program adopted at the first National Convention in July 1933.

A) Socialist
B) Communist
C) Populist
D) Regina
E) Prairie

Question 26

Feminist organizations are an example of:

A) status communities
B) status blocs
C) Marxism
D) conflict theory
E) the Quiet Revolution

Question 27

According to resource mobilization theory, what is NOT necessarily required to ensure the success of any organizational activity?

A) an effective means of communicating
B) some degree of financial resources
C) a shared ideology among group members
D) a network of cooperative relationships
E) support from the highest levels of government

Question 28

According to your text, which of the following is NOT a criticism that has been made of the collective behaviour approach?

A) insufficient attention is given to social structure
B) it pays very little attention to interest groups and to conflict among such groups
C) it assumes that collective behaviour is well-institutionalized
D) the concept of social contagion relies too heavily on irrationality
E) it assumes that collective behaviour is non-institutionalized

Question 29

A major criticism of Blumer's interpretation of crowd behaviour is that:

A) the idea of contagion exaggerates the unanimity of collective behaviour.
B) it assumes that participants in crowds are acting rationally.
C) empirical evidence in support of Blumer's argument is biased.
D) it underestimates the effect of spontaneous norm generation.
E) it overstates the role of reactionary stimuli.

Question 30

An ideology is often based on a ________, which consists of principles that enable people to make sense of their world and events taking place in their world.

A) network
B) cooperative
C) cleavage
D) frame
E) structure

Question 31

Which of the following statements regarding the "breakdown" approach to social movements is NOT true?

A) It is the only approach that looks at conflict among social groups
B) It claims that rapid social change reduces the probability of social unrest
C) It claims that social change disrupts and weakens traditional institutions
D) It is related to Durkheim's notion of social integration, the attachment of individuals to social groups or institutions
E) It claims that the people most likely to participate in social unrest are those who are relatively alienated, uprooted, or socially maladjusted.

Question 32

Define and give an example of any two types of collective behaviour.

Question 33

Until recently, status movements have been uncommon. The most significant was the ________ movement in the early decades of the twentieth century.

A) suffragette
B) institutional
C) industrial
D) CCF
E) flapper

Question 34

Feuding Scottish clans which were formed based on kinship ties, are an example of collective action focused on ________ between social or ethnic groups.

A) cooperation
B) mutual understanding
C) organizing protests
D) building bridges
E) competition

Question 35

Marxists tend to be interested in social movements that:

A) occur in North America only.
B) result in major overhauls of the existing social order.
C) involve the capitalist class movements.
D) affect the proletariat only.
E) affect the Quebecois only

Question 36

________ factors pull people together in social groups so that they can engage in collective action.

A) Cleavage
B) Collective
C) Institutional
D) Non-institutional
E) Integrating

Question 37

According to Thompson's study of riots in Britain, the conduct of many crowds is often ________ within the traditional social order.

A) discouraged
B) legitimate
C) punished
D) out of place
E) crazy

Question 38

Those who have studied resource mobilization have come to place considerable emphasis on the effects of ________ incentives. The term refers to the benefits that a person can drive from belonging to an association or joining a social movement.

A) financial
B) cooperative
C) selective
D) social
E) collective

Question 39

According to the text, which type of social movement will likely predominate in Canada in the future?

A) cognitive movements
B) status movements
C) new social movements
D) relative deprivation movements
E) none of the above

Question 40

In the first half of this century, French-Canadian elites were reluctant to alter their approach to la survivance because:

A) of their overwhelming conservatism.
B) they were prevented from doing so by the English.
C) of encroaching industrialization.
D) of the federal government.
E) they feared reprisals from France.

Question 41

The "social breakdown" perspective on collective behaviour dictates that during periods of rapid societal change, only those who are well-connected and have means for communicating to other group members will be likely to engage in social unrest.

Question 42

Crazes occur when people are overcome by fear or apprehension, and try to save themselves or their possessions by taking immediate action.

Question 43

Emergent norm theory assumes that people behave irrationally in crowds.

Question 44

Describe how collective action theory and relative deprivation theory each explain the fact that it is not usually the most disadvantaged groups in society that engage in social movements.

Question 45

From Blumer's point of view, the fundamental process underlying crowd behaviour is social contagion.

Question 46

Name and describe any two factors assisting social movement formation, according to the resource mobilization approach.

Question 47

Founded in the 1930s, a socialist party (and precursor to the New Democratic Party of Canada), the CCF, won a provincial election in Saskatchewan where much of the population comprised self-employed farmers.

Question 48

A fad is a large and, usually, dispersed group made up of persons who share an interest in the same thing.

Question 49

The term regionalism refers to the domination of a class or alliance of classes over others, economically, politically, and culturally.

Question 50

Some sociologists argue that much of what is called collective behaviour is simply the activity of people in conflict.

Question 51

What is the Quiet Revolution, and what has been its impact in Quebec?

Question 52

The best-known regional movements are those that appeared primarily in the Maritime Provinces between the two world wars.

Question 53

Explain how regional and ethnic cleavage have given rise to collective action in Canada?

Question 54

Regional cleavage is a division based on class, ethnicity, etc., that may result in the formation of distinct social groups.

Question 55

The concept of resource mobilization refers to a difference between people's expectations and their actual achievements.

Question 56

The term la survivance refers to the survival of French Canada as a distinct society.

Question 57

A social movement is a large collectivity of people trying to bring about or resist social change.

Question 58

The term mobilization refers to the transfer of human resources from the pursuit of one goal to the pursuit of another.

Question 59

The "new social movements" that have emerged from the postmodern society are more concerned with values and culture than were the old working-class movements.

Question 60

How does collective action theory differ from breakdown theory?