Deck 8: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence

Question 1

In addition to matching ABO antigens, what else does a blood transfusion need to be matched for?

A) HLA type
B) Rh antigen
C) Immunoglobulins
D) Platelet compatibility

Answer 1

Rh antigen

Question 2

Which hypersensitivity reaction does not involve an antibody?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Answer 2

IV

Question 3

A nurse recalls that an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is:

A) bronchial asthma.
B) contact dermatitis.
C) serum sickness.
D) rheumatoid arthritis.

Answer 3

serum sickness.

Question 4

A 15-year-old male suffers from severe hemorrhage following a motor vehicle accident. He is given a blood transfusion, but shortly afterward the red blood cells are destroyed by agglutination and lysis. Which of the following blood type transfusion type matches would cause this?

A) A-A
B) B-O
C) AB-O
D) A-AB

Question 5

A person is given an attenuated antigen as a vaccine. When the person asks what was given in the vaccine, how should the nurse respond?

A) The antigen in the vaccine is alive, but less infectious.
B) The vaccine contains antigen that is mutated.
C) The antigen in the vaccine is normal, but not infectious.
D) The vaccine contains antigen that is dead and inactive.

Question 6

When a patient presents at the emergency department for an allergic reaction, the nurse recognizes that the most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:

A) urticaria.
B) hives.
C) anaphylaxis.
D) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).

Question 7

When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, the nurse realizes that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient's body.

A) A only
B) B only
C) A and B
D) O

Question 8

When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond?

A) Hypersensitivity is a reduced immune response found in most pathological states.
B) Hypersensitivity is a normal immune response to an infectious agent.
C) Hypersensitivity is an altered response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen.
D) Hypersensitivity is antigenic desensitization.

Question 9

A 30-year-old male is having difficulty breathing and has been spitting blood. He reports that he began experiencing this reaction after cleaning his pigeons' cages. Testing reveals he is suffering from allergic alveolitis. Which of the following is he experiencing?

A) Serum sickness
B) Raynaud phenomenon
C) Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
D) Arthus reaction

Question 10

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs?

A) Autoimmune
B) Anaphylaxis
C) Alloimmune
D) Allergic

Question 11

A 50-year-old female experiences decreased blood pressure, decreased oxygen delivery, cardiovascular shock, and subsequent death. A complication of endotoxic shock is suspected. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

A) Gram-positive bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Gram-negative bacteria
D) Virus

Question 12

An immunologist is discussing endotoxin production. Which information should the immunologist include?

A) Endotoxins are produced by Gram-negative bacteria.
B) Endotoxins are produced by Gram-positive bacteria.
C) Endotoxins are produced by Gram-negative fungi.
D) Endotoxins are produced by Gram-positive fungi.

Question 13

What is the chance that two siblings share both HLA haplotypes, making them a good match for an organ transplant from one to the other?

A) 100%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 25%

Question 14

A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes in urine colour. Laboratory testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which of the following is also likely to be present?

A) Anti-LE antibodies
B) Autoantibodies
C) Antiherpes antibodies
D) Anti-CMV antibodies

Question 15

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. Within minutes he begins itching and develops wheezing and breathing difficulties. What is he suffering from?

A) Immunodeficiency
B) Autoimmunity
C) Anaphylaxis
D) Tissue-specific hypersensitivity

Question 16

A 5-year-old male becomes ill with a severe cough. Histological examination reveals a bacterial infection, and further laboratory testing reveals cell membrane damage and decreased protein synthesis. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this illness?

A) Endotoxin
B) Exotoxin
C) Hemolysis
D) Septicemia

Question 17

After studying about viruses, which information indicates the student has a good understanding of viruses?

A) Viruses contain no DNA or RNA.
B) Viruses are capable of independent reproduction.
C) Viruses replicate their genetic material inside host cells.
D) Viruses are easily killed by antimicrobials.

Question 18

A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with SLE. Which of the following findings would be considered a symptom of this disease?

A) Gastrointestinal ulcers
B) Decreased glomerular filtration rate
C) Rash on trunk and extremities
D) Photosensitivity

Question 19

When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers that this disease is an example of:

A) autoimmunity.
B) alloimmunity.
C) homoimmunity.
D) alleimmunity.

Question 20

A patient presents with poison ivy on the extremities, face, and buttocks after an initial exposure 2 days ago. What is this condition an example of?

A) Anaphylaxis
B) Serum sickness
C) Delayed hypersensitivity
D) Viral disease

Question 21

An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the infant's history and physical?

A) The mother was exposed to measles.
B) The father was exposed to Agent Orange.
C) The baby is Rh positive.
D) The baby was born 6 weeks prematurely.

Question 22

When the immunologist says that pathogens possess infectivity, what is the immunologist explaining?

A) Infectivity involves the ability of pathogens to spread from one individual to others and cause disease.
B) Infectivity involves pathogens inducing an immune response.
C) Infectivity involves pathogens invading and multiplying in the host.
D) Infectivity occurs because pathogens damage tissue.

Question 23

A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective?

A) Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B) Protease inhibitors
C) Entrance inhibitors
D) Antiretroviral therapy (ART)

Question 24

What common symptom should be assessed in individuals with immunodeficiency?

A) Anemia
B) Recurrent infections
C) Hypersensitivity
D) Autoantibody production

Question 25

What is true about viral vaccines?

A) They contain active viruses.
B) They are attenuated viruses.
C) They contain killed viruses.
D) They are a blend of viral toxins.

Question 26

A 5-year-old male presents with low-set ears, a fish-shaped mouth, and involuntary rapid muscular contraction. Laboratory testing reveals decreased calcium levels. Which of the following diagnosis is most likely?

A) B-lymphocyte deficiency
B) T-lymphocyte deficiency
C) Combined immunological deficiency
D) Complement deficiency

Question 27

After studying about fungi, which information indicates a correct understanding of fungi? Fungi causing deep or systemic infections:

A) are easily treated with penicillin.
B) are extremely rare.
C) never occur with other infections.
D) are commonly opportunistic.

Question 28

A nurse recalls that bacteria become resistant to antimicrobials by:

A) proliferation.
B) attenuation.
C) specialization.
D) mutation.

Question 29

Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS?

A) HIV only infects B cells.
B) HIV is a retrovirus.
C) Infection does not require a host cell receptor.
D) After infection, cell death is immediate.

Question 30

What is true about bacterial vaccines?

A) They contain fully active bacteria.
B) They are made from synthetic bacteria.
C) They contain dead bacteria.
D) They are a blend of bacterial toxins.

Question 31

When the immunologist says that pathogens possess virulence, what does virulence mean?

A) Pathogens spread from one individual to others and cause disease.
B) Pathogens induce an immune response.
C) Pathogens causes disease.
D) Pathogens have the capacity to damage tissue.

Question 32

A 22-year-old was recently diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which cell type would you expect to be decreased in a laboratory finding?

A) CD4+ T-helper cells
B) CD8 T-helper cells
C) CDC cells
D) CDC10 cells

Question 33

What is the etiology of a congenital immune deficiency?

A) A negative response to an immunization
B) An adverse response to a medication
C) Kidney failure
D) A genetic defect

Question 34

A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which symptoms are a result of a type II hypersensitivity? (Select all that apply.)

A) Anemia
B) Seizures
C) Lymphopenia
D) Facial rash
E) Photosensitivity