Deck 21: How to Prepare a Research Report and Use Apa Style Guidelines

Question 1

Explain the different principles used in writing an APA style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Answer 1

not answered

Question 2

Which of the following is correct in APA style?

A) Insert quotations of less than 75 words into the text and enclose in double quotation marks
B) Use words to express numbers that begin a sentence as well as any number below 10, and use numerals to express other numbers except in special cases described in the manual
C) State all physical measurements in the standard US system, rather than in metric units
D) Never use the abbreviation et al.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When referencing other works that you have cited in the text of your report, you should:

A) State the first and last name of the author
B) Use the author-date citation method, for example (Christensen, 1972)
C) Use an asterisk and a footnote
D) Insert the full citation in parenthesis

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When a citation includes more than ____ authors, to reference that source you use the surname of the first author followed by et al. This includes the first time that you cite them in your paper.

A) Three
B) Four
C) Five
D) Six

Question 5

The title page of a research article should contain all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Brief summary of the research problem
B) Running head
C) Author's name
D) Institutional affiliation of the author(s)

Question 6

Explain how to write a mixed methods research report, especially the Results section.

Question 7

Which of the following is correct in APA style?

A) Insert quotations of greater than 40 words into the text and enclose in double quotation marks
B) Space twice after the end of a sentence
C) State all physical measurements in nonmetric units
D) Do not use a comma before "and" in a series

Question 8

List the seven sections of an APA style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Question 9

Explain how one might use the example of an APA-style manuscript provided in the chapter.

Question 10

Describe the five levels of APA headings.

Question 11

Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Question 12

Writing a research report requires:

A) The use of jargon.
B) Eliminating redundancy
C) Use of the third person
D) Exclusive use of the passive voice

Question 13

According to APA style, which of the following is/are true about abbreviations in your research report?

A) You should abbreviate days of the week
B) Latin abbreviations can only be used outside of parentheses
C) Only use abbreviations when they are conventional and are likely to be familiar to the reader or when you can save considerable space and avoid cumbersome repetition
D) The only abbreviations you should use are those that are accepted as words.

Question 14

Editorial style specifies that ______ should be used infrequently or sparingly.

A) Punctuation
B) Abbreviations
C) Headings
D) Numbers

Question 15

The results section includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) A presentation of how the data are analyzed along with the results of the analysis
B) A lengthy discussion of the analyzed data
C) A statement of the alpha level used for determining statistical significance
D) A report of the actual probability value of the computed test statistic

Question 16

The guidelines that should be used when writing a research report that will be free of demeaning attitudes and biased assumptions include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Avoiding labeling people when possible
B) Use traditional labels for a group of people even when the group currently prefers a different label
C) Being sensitive to labels
D) Acknowledging participation

Question 17

According to APA style (i.e., when writing a research report), which of the following is false regarding sexual orientation?

A) Sexual orientation is preferred to sexual preference
B) Homosexual is always better than more specific terms such as gay men, bisexual men, lesbians, and bisexual women
C) The following terms are considered acceptable: gay men, bisexual men, lesbians, and bisexual women
D) Avoid terms that have become loaded or are reflective of stereotypes because we should not denigrate people

Question 18

When using a quotation,

A) A quotation of fewer than 40 words is inserted into the text and enclosed with double quotation marks
B) A quotation of 40 or more words is displayed in a free-standing block of lines with quotation marks and indented about a half inch and started on a new line
C) Quotation marks are never needed; all one needs to do is to cite the source of the information
D) A quotation of 40 or more words is displayed in a free-standing block of lines with quotation marks with no indentation and started on a new line

Question 19

If, in preparing my research report, I have grouped people into the age groups of young, middle-aged, and elderly, I have probably violated the guideline of:

A) Being specific
B) Avoiding sexism
C) Being sensitive to disabilities
D) Acknowledging participation

Question 20

The method section includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Participants
B) Apparatus or instruments
C) Results
D) Procedure

Question 21

Writing a good research report requires a smoothness and economy of expression. If you have accomplished the goal of economy of expression, you have been frugal with the words used in the report. This frugality means that you have:

A) Used redundancy to emphasize your hypotheses
B) Included complex verbal descriptions of the phenomena you have studied
C) Relied on highly technical professional language
D) Said things clearly without being wordy or obtuse

Question 22

For qualitative research reports:

A) There currently is no completely agreed upon standard format for reporting research results
B) You should avoid all headings specified by the APA
C) You should follow the The Chicago Manual of Style
D) You should make the method section very brief

Question 23

Which of the following references is correct?

A) Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. B. (2011). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
B) Johnson, R. B. & L. B. Christensen (2011). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches. Allyn and Bacon: Boston, MA.
C) Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. B. (2011). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA.
D) Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. B. (2011). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Question 24

An APA style "level 5" heading is:

A) Centered, boldface, uppercase and lowercase heading
B) Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period
C) Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period
D) Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

Question 25

An APA style "level 2" heading is:

A) Centered, boldface, uppercase and lowercase heading
B) Flush left, boldface, uppercase and lowercase heading
C) Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period
D) Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

Question 26

The list of all citations in the text of the manuscript is called which of the following according to APA style?

A) Bibliography
B) References
C) Citations
D) Sources

Question 27

Which of the following is acceptable according to APA style?

A) Smith found that …
B) It has been demonstrated (Smith) (1999) that …
C) The life expectancy is increasing in the United States (Smith, 1999)
D) Other researchers (Smith, Jones, White, Taylor, Main, Walker, Downs, & Greene, 1999) found …

Question 28

Author notes should include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Departmental affiliation of the author(s)
B) Acknowledgement of any financial support for conducting the study such as a grant
C) How to contact the author
D) Information needed to supplement or amplify the text of the research report

Question 29

When writing a mixed research report's results section,

A) The qualitative data are addressed first
B) The quantitative data are addressed first
C) All field notes are included
D) There is not a specified format

Question 30

Qualitative research reports:

A) Discuss what "the researcher" did
B) Use the passive voice
C) Refer to participants with pseudonyms
D) All share a similar format

Question 31

To overcome the problem of content on the Internet being moved or deleted resulting in nonworking URLs, international publishers have developed the ____ system to provide a stable means of identifying information in digital networks.

A) Digital URL
B) Dedicated server (DS)
C) International digital (Id.)
D) Digital object identifier (DOI)

Question 32

An APA style "level 3" heading is:

A) Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period
B) Flush left, boldface, uppercase and lowercase heading
C) Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period
D) Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

Question 33

The data that are used in a qualitative research report to support arguments and interpretations would probably include:

A) The results of statistical analysis
B) Quotes, descriptions of various scenes, and descriptions of a setting
C) Effect size analysis
D) That results of closed-ended attitude and opinion surveys

Question 34

In qualitative research reports, the introduction usually includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) A statement of a deductively derived research hypothesis
B) The purpose of the research
C) A statement of the research question in a relatively open-ended and general form
D) A summary of the research literature relevant to the study

Question 35

Which is a "level 1" heading according to APA style?

A) Centered, boldface, uppercase and lowercase heading
B) Flush left, boldface, uppercase and lowercase heading
C) Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period
D) Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

Question 36

The method section of a qualitative research report:

A) Is very different from the method section of a quantitative study
B) Includes the researcher's reflections on the process
C) Does not address reliability nor validity
D) Does not include a description of the participants

Question 37

The discussion section of a quantitative research report should include a discussion of:

A) How the data were analyzed
B) A presentation of all results
C) Your interpretation of the results, including their relationship to other research findings found in the published literature
D) The reasons for using the selected alpha level

Question 38

The introduction section of the research report should include a statement of the:

A) Specific problem being investigated in the context of prior research
B) Hypothesis being investigated followed by the results
C) Problem being investigated and a brief description of the way the data will be analyzed
D) Findings of the research project and what they mean in terms of previous research.

Question 39

According to APA, which of the following is appropriate?

A) Bedridden people
B) Mental retardate
C) Person with an intellectual disability
D) Crippled person

Question 40

An APA style "level 4" heading is:

A) Flush left, boldface, uppercase and lowercase heading
B) Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period
C) Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period
D) Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

Question 41

The abstract should not exceed 120 words.

Question 42

The "Results" section starts on a separate page of the manuscript.

Question 43

In APA style you use the first author's last name and "et al.":

A) Every time there are more than five authors in text
B) The second and all subsequent citations when there are two or more authors
C) In text and on the reference list
D) Only in the abstract to save space

Question 44

To avoid sexism when writing using APA style you should:

A) Not use any pronouns at all
B) Only have participants of one gender in your study
C) Use plural nouns that do not indicate a gender
D) Include a sexist language disclosure at the beginning

Question 45

The research report begins with the introduction section, but the label or heading for this section (i.e., the word Introduction) is not included in the manuscript.

Question 46

According to APA, when including tables in a manuscript you:

A) Must include a reference to table in text
B) Name each table using the format "Table" ___ and then adding a capital letter after "Table"
C) Name each table using the format "Table" ___ and then adding a Roman numeral after "Table"
D) Repeat the information in the table in the text so the reader can read it in both places

Question 47

What is the researcher's responsibility when referring to a person who belongs to and/or identifies as part of a group, such as racial/ethnic, sexual orientation, and persons with disabilities?

A) Always use the practice that has historically been most commonly used so that everyone reading your report will know who you are talking about
B) Try your best to use the label that your participants prefer
C) Use any approach that you like and do not let "political correctness" arguments persuade you to do otherwise
D) Use as many labels as possible

Question 48

According to APA, tables should have all of the following except:

A) A brief and explanatory title
B) Vertical lines
C) A column heading for each column
D) A dash to indicate missing data

Question 49

Why would a researcher choose to include a figure in a manuscript?

A) When it is an efficient way to present information and a table would be inappropriate
B) When you want to report an ANOVA Summary Table like the ones found in your SPSS printout
C) Figures are not allowed according to APA style recommendations
D) When the information can be presented more simply, efficiently, and clearly in the text

Question 50

According to APA, the length of abstract is:

A) 50-100 words
B) 100-150 words
C) 150-250 words
D) 300-400 words

Question 51

In the results section, tables are preferred to figures for presenting information on:

A) Interaction effects
B) Main effects
C) Participants' demographics
D) Simple frequency data

Question 52

The section heading "Method" is not labeled in the manuscript.

Question 53

The title of an APA style research report should:

A) Be 12 or fewer words
B) Be at the top of the title page of the report
C) Exclude the theoretical basis of the study
D) Be typed in all uppercase letters

Question 54

In quantitative research, it is often useful to state your level of significance, like this: "The .05 alpha level was used for all statistical tests." This statement goes in the _____ section.

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Introduction
D) Footnote

Question 55

Individuals between the ages of 13 and 17 should be referred to as:

A) Boys and girls
B) Male or female adolescents
C) Men and women
D) Males and females

Question 56

A running head is:

A) The same as the paper's title
B) Typed in all lowercase letters on the title page
C) Is on all pages of the manuscript
D) Identifies the section of the paper on the page

Question 57

Which of the following would be used when reporting results in a qualitative research report?

A) Quotes from the research participants
B) Tables summarizing statistical analysis of the data gathered
C) The results of administering psychological tests to the research participants
D) Probability values

Question 58

The "Discussion" section is not labeled in the manuscript.

Question 59

Which of the following is true regarding footnotes, according to APA guidelines?

A) Most footnotes are content footnotes needed to supplement or amplify the information provided in the text.
B) Footnotes can be used to acknowledge copyright permission.
C) Footnotes should generally be used when they strengthen a discussion because otherwise they can be distracting.
D) APA does not recognize the use of footnotes.

Question 60

Charts, graphs, and drawings go in _______.

A) Either a table or a figure
B) A table
C) A figure
D) A graphic

Question 61

The References section is essentially the same for quantitative and qualitative research reports.

Question 62

Researchers should begin Results section by stating whether the hypotheses were supported or not.

Question 63

The APA Manual recommends that the term subjects usually be used rather than more personal words like participants, teachers, and students.

Question 64

The following set of headings is correct when you are using three levels of headings?
Experiment 1
Method
Selection of research participants.

Question 65

One key APA rule states that a quotation of fewer than 40 words is inserted into the text and enclosed with double quotation marks.

Question 66

Quotation marks are only needed for quotations that are more than 10 words.

Question 67

When writing, researchers should only use
e.g. (for example) and i.e. (that is) in parentheses.

Question 68

According to the latest edition of the APA Manual, the use of the term "subjects" is acceptable.

Question 69

The APA Manual recommends the frequent use of passive voice.

Question 70

Psychometric information about the instruments a researcher used is presented in the Results section.

Question 71

In the results section you should include descriptive statistical information to assist the reader in understanding the inferential statistics that are presented.

Question 72

The APA Manual states that 12-point Times New Roman font is preferred in the preparation of manuscripts.

Question 73

Inferential tests need to be presented with the value of the test statistic, probability levels, and size and direction of the effect

Question 74

If participants in your study were people who were aged 15 and 16, you could describe them as young men and young women.

Question 75

Pseudonyms for individuals are commonly used in qualitative research.

Question 76

The "Results" section follows the "Method" section.

Question 77

The following set of headings is correct when you are using two levels of headings?
Method
Selection of Research Participants

Question 78

There are more subheadings in the Results section of quantitative research reports than the Results section of qualitative research reports.

Question 79

An integrative approach to the results must be included in the research reports of mixed research studies.

Question 80

The "Introduction" section specifies the purpose of the study, shows how it relates to prior work in the area, and identifies any hypotheses to be tested.