Deck 17: Mixed Research

Question 1

List and explain Greene, Caracelli, and Graham's (1989) five purposes or rationales for conducting mixed research.

Answer 1

not answered

Question 2

Which is true about this design: QUAL+QUAN?

A) It is an equal-status concurrent mixed methods design
B) It is an equal-status sequential mixed methods design
C) It is a primary status concurrent mixed methods design
D) It is a primary status sequential mixed methods design

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Describe the eight major steps in the mixed research process.

Answer 3

not answered

Question 4

The researcher should use a mixture or combination of methods that has complementary strengths (broadly viewed) and nonoverlapping weaknesses. What is it?

A) Mixed model research
B) Mixed methods research
C) The fundamental principle of mixed research
D) The fundamental principle of constructivism

Question 5

Compare and contrast the nine mixed methods research designs.

Question 6

Strengths of quantitative research include all but which of the following?

A) Confounding variables are controlled for
B) Ability to make conclusions about cause and effect relationships
C) Observing behavior in natural settings
D) Generalizing results to larger populations.

Question 7

Which of the following is a strength of quantitative research?

A) It is useful when studying large numbers of people
B) Data are based on the participants' own categories of meaning
C) It can describe in rich detail phenomena as they are situated and embedded in local contexts
D) The researchers' theories will always reflect local constituencies' understandings

Question 8

Explain how to use the notational system that is used to depict mixed research designs.

Question 9

List the major strengths and limitations of qualitative research.

Question 10

Which of the following is a strength of quantitative research?

A) It is a strong method for testing hypotheses that are constructed before the data are collected
B) It is the only method that can determine ideographic causation
C) It is the best method for describing in rich detail phenomena as they are situated and embedded in local contexts
D) Findings might be too abstract and general for application to unique situations

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT closely related to mixed research or a synonym to it?

A) Mixed methods research
B) Multiplism
C) Multimethod research
D) Quan-qual research

Question 12

List the major strengths and limitations of quantitative research.

Question 13

The compatibility thesis:

A) States that quantitative and qualitative methods can be used together
B) Allows for violations of the assumptions of each research methodology
C) Suggests using quantitative approaches more than qualitative approaches
D) Suggests using qualitative approaches more than quantitative approaches

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic or strength of qualitative research?

A) It is a good methodology to use when studying large groups of people
B) Data are based on the participants' own categories of meaning
C) It results in exact numerical data
D) It is useful for determining nomothetic causation

Question 15

List several synonyms for the term mixed research.

Question 16

Explain the strengths and limitations of mixed research

Question 17

Which of the following is a strength of mixed research?

A) The researcher can generate and test a grounded theory
B) More resources are required to complete the study.
C) The researcher has to do a great deal of work
D) Completing a research study takes a long time

Question 18

A limitation of quantitative research is:

A) It is difficult to test hypotheses and theories with large participant pools
B) Data analysis is extremely time-consuming
C) It generally has lower credibility with commissioners of programs
D) The researcher might miss out on some phenomena because of the focus on theory or hypothesis testing rather than on theory or hypothesis generation

Question 19

Mixed researchers usually agree with the _______.

A) Incompatibility thesis
B) Compatibility thesis
C) Realism thesis
D) Metaphysical thesis

Question 20

Define mixed research (i.e., it is also called mixed methods research).

Question 21

In a qualitatively driven mixed design:

A) Qualitative methods predominate but quantitative data are collected
B) Qualitative data are collected before quantitative data are collected
C) Qualitative methods are used to collect quantitative data
D) Equal emphasis is placed on qualitative and quantitative aspects of the study

Question 22

What type of design is indicated by QUAN+qual?

A) It is an equal-status concurrent mixed methods design
B) It is an equal-status sequential mixed methods design
C) It is a primary status concurrent mixed methods design
D) It is a primary status sequential mixed methods design

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT one of the major steps in the mixed research process?

A) Write the research report
B) Reconcile data
C) Continually validate data
D) Determine the rationale for implementing a mixed design

Question 24

What is this rationale for mixed research: Seeks to extend the breadth and range of inquiry by using different methods for different inquiry components?

A) Triangulation
B) Complementarity
C) Initiation
D) Expansion

Question 25

Which of the following statements does NOT represent a purpose for mixed research?

A) Triangulation
B) Development
C) Initiation
D) Manipulation

Question 26

Quantitizing involves which of the following?

A) Converting quantitative data to qualitative form
B) Converting qualitative data to quantitative form
C) Converting quantitative data to quantitative form
D) Converting qualitative data to qualitative form

Question 27

Mark is conducting a mixed method research design. He will interview participants about their reactions to different instructional methods and then give them a questionnaire about instructional method preferences. His analysis will focus on the interview data, with the quantitative providing collaborating data to the qualitative data. Which of the following describes his design?

A) QUAN+QUAL
B) QUAL+QUAN
C) QUAL+quan
D) Quan+QUAL

Question 28

What type of design is QUAL QUAN?

A) It is an equal-status concurrent mixed methods design
B) It is an equal-status sequential mixed methods design
C) It is a primary status concurrent mixed methods design
D) It is a primary status sequential mixed methods design

Question 29

Roberta's mixed research project is based on using mixed methods to discover contradictions and varying perspectives that might challenge his research questions. The purpose for his mixed methods research is:

A) Completion
B) Competition
C) Initiation
D) Triangulation

Question 30

Mixed methods research:

A) involves participants from mixed demographic backgrounds
B) combines qualitative and quantitative methods
C) collects data from multiple, mixed sources
D) uses qualitative methods and quantitative data analysis

Question 31

In order to select one of the mixed method research designs, the researcher must answer questions about:

A) If the breadth of inquiry will be broadened or not
B) The status of the two approaches and if they will be implemented sequentially or not
C) Whether the study will be data driven or theory driven
D) If participants should be randomly selected or randomly assigned

Question 32

What is this rationale for mixed research: Seeks elaboration, enhancement, illustration, and clarification of the results from one method with the results from another method?

A) Triangulation
B) Complementarity
C) Initiation
D) Expansion

Question 33

Qualitizing involves which of the following?

A) Converting quantitative data to qualitative form
B) Converting qualitative data to quantitative form
C) Converting quantitative data to quantitative form
D) Converting qualitative data to qualitative form

Question 34

What is this rationale for mixed research: Seeks the discovery of paradox and contradiction, new perspectives of frameworks, and the recasting of questions or results from one method with questions or results from the other method?

A) Triangulation
B) Complementarity
C) Initiation
D) Expansion

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT one of the major steps in the mixed research process?

A) Prioritize one of the methodologies
B) Collect data
C) Continually interpret data and findings
D) Select or construct research and sampling designs

Question 36

Max has indicated that the design for his study can be summarized by qual

A) It is an equal-status concurrent mixed methods design
B) It is an equal-status sequential mixed methods design
C) It is a primary status concurrent mixed methods design
D) It is a primary status sequential mixed methods design

Question 37

Which of the following is one of the limitations of mixed research?

A) Insights and understanding emerge that would not be evident with one method or the other
B) Broader and more research questions can be answered
C) Researchers need to be competent in qualitative and quantitative methodologies
D) One of the methodologies can provide feedback for the other method

Question 38

Mike is providing a rationale for his use of a mixed methods design by indicating that he seeks convergence, corroboration, and correspondence of results from different methods. What purpose for using mixed methods is he using?

A) Triangulation
B) Complementarity
C) Initiation
D) Expansion

Question 39

What is this rationale for mixed research: Seeks to use the results from one method to develop or inform the other method? This can include issues surrounding sampling and implementation, as well as measurement decisions.

A) Triangulation
B) Complementarity
C) Initiation
D) Development

Question 40

In a quantitatively driven mixed design:

A) Quantitative methods predominate but qualitative data are collected
B) Quantitative data are collected before qualitative data are collected
C) Quantitative methods are used to collect q qualitative data
D) Equal emphasis is placed on qualitative and quantitative aspects of the study

Question 41

A researcher interviews students to find out their experiences in an educational research class and later constructs a frequency distribution that shows the number of times words such as anxiety or fun were used during the interviews. This is known as:

A) Hypothesis testing
B) Quantitizing
C) Qualitizing
D) Merging

Question 42

In Dr. Wright's most current research publication, the majority of the data are quantitative. However, there are some qualitative data reported. This is an example of which type of research design?

A) Qualitatively driven
B) Quantitatively driven
C) Fully balanced
D) A dominant design

Question 43

A researcher wanted to understand why so many high school freshmen were failing mathematics. She first conducted in-depth interviews with 10 participants and then used this information to construct a structured questionnaire to be administered to a random sample of freshmen. This is an example of:

A) Expansion
B) Initiation
C) Development
D) Triangulation

Question 44

Which of the following is not one of the major steps in mixed data analysis?

A) Continually validate the data
B) Continually interpret the data
C) Analyze data
D) Qualitize the data

Question 45

Dr. Hayes conducted a mixed methods research study with the purpose of seeking elaboration, enhancement, illustration, and clarification of the results from one method with the results from another method. What is the formal name for this purpose?

A) Expansion
B) Development
C) Complementarity
D) Triangulation

Question 46

Which type of research tends to be more time-consuming and expensive?

A) Quantitative
B) Qualitative
C) Mixed
D) Cross-sectional

Question 47

Dr. Sims conducted a mixed methods research study with the purpose of seeking convergence, corroboration, and correspondence of the results from the different methods. What is the formal name for this purpose?

A) Expansion
B) Development
C) Initiation
D) Triangulation

Question 48

Dr. Smith conducted a mixed methods research study with the purpose of seeking the discovery of paradox and contradiction, new perspectives of frameworks, and the recasting of questions or results from one method with questions or results from the other method. What is the formal name for this purpose?

A) Expansion
B) Development
C) Initiation
D) Triangulation

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of mixed research designs?

A) Mixed research designs usually require more time and resources
B) Expertise in quantitative and qualitative research is required
C) Sometimes the qualitative and quantitative data present contradictory findings
D) Only small numbers of people can be studied

Question 50

A researcher wants to understand the culture of the band in a high school. He gives both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms equal weight. He first administers a standardized questionnaire to all of the band members. Later, he conducts 45 minute in-depth, open-ended interviews with all band members. Which design is this?

A) Primary status sequential design
B) Equal-status sequential design
C) Primary status concurrent design
D) Equal-status concurrent design

Question 51

What procedure involves converting quantitative data into narrative representations that can be analyzed qualitatively?

A) Qualitizing
B) Quantitizing
C) Data conversion
D) Mixing

Question 52

A researcher wants to understand why people are willing to handle snakes as a part or their church activities in several rural churches in Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia. She is a qualitative researcher, and she attends the church to observe and conduct interviews many of the church members. While she is there, "in the field," she hands out a short quantitative instrument that measures several demographic indicators and will provide frequencies and percentages on the demographic characteristics. Which design is this?

A) Primary status sequential design
B) Equal-status sequential design
C) Primary status concurrent design
D) Equal-status concurrent design

Question 53

Dr. McLean conducted a mixed methods research study with the purpose of using the results from one method to help develop or inform the other method, where development is broadly construed to include sampling and implementation, as well as measurement decisions. What is the formal name for this purpose?

A) Expansion
B) Development
C) Initiation
D) Triangulation

Question 54

A researcher generally follows the quantitative paradigm as her primary status research paradigm. However, to help her develop a standardized quantitative questionnaire, she first interviews 15 participants to help her understand the language and categories of the people in her target population. Which design is this?

A) Primary status sequential design
B) Equal-status sequential design
C) Primary status concurrent design
D) Equal-status concurrent design

Question 55

A mixed research design which relies more on qualitative approaches but has some quantitative data is known as:

A) qualitatively driven
B) quantitatively driven
C) fully balanced
D) a dominant design

Question 56

A researcher wants to understand why people are willing to handle snakes as a part of their church activities in several rural churches in Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia. He makes qualitative observations at several churches but also hands out fairly lengthy instruments that quantitatively measure several constructs (IQ, religiosity, self-esteem, and political attitudes). He keeps the qualitative and quantitative data separately during analysis. He does some mixing during the discussion of his report as to how the qualitative and quantitative insights are related. Which design is this?

A) Primary status sequential design
B) Equal-status sequential design
C) Primary status concurrent design
D) Equal-status concurrent design

Question 57

What procedure involves converting qualitative data into numerical codes and then using statistical analysis techniques with the data?

A) Qualitizing
B) Quantitizing
C) Data conversion
D) Mixing

Question 58

Dr. Shaw conducted a mixed methods research study with the purpose of seeking to extend the breadth and range of inquiry by using different methods for different inquiry components. What is the formal name for this purpose?

A) Augmentation
B) Development
C) Initiation
D) Expansion

Question 59

Which of the following is not one of the mixed methods research designs provided in the book's typology of designs?

A) QUAL+QUAN
B) QUAL+quan
C) QUALQUAN
D) QUAL QUAN

Question 60

Mixed research designs:

A) have been well-studied
B) have not had their merits evaluated
C) have been systematized
D) require few resources

Question 61

A researcher who was trained in qualitative research designs will tend to design a mixed research study that is interactive.

Question 62

Strengths of mixed research include all of the following except:

A) the provision of multiple viewpoints about the research topic
B) the use of concurrent data collection by a single researcher
C) the strengths of one method counteract the weakness of the other
D) convergence and corroboration of findings strengthen the validity of the study

Question 63

Dr. Dabbs has just completed a research study. While it did not take her a long time to complete the study, he is disappointed because the results of the study are too abstract and not easily applicable to real-world settings. Dr. Dabbs' research study probably used a:

A) Mixed methods design
B) Compatibility design
C) Qualitative design
D) Quantitative design

Question 64

The collection of data in natural settings is a:

A) strength of quantitative research
B) limitation of quantitative research
C) strength of qualitative research
D) limitation of qualitative research.

Question 65

Tyrone is planning a study. He wants to test a theory and collect and analyze data quickly. He has chosen a qualitative research design. What can you conclude?

A) He does not understand the limitations of qualitative research designs
B) He does not understand the limitations of quantitative research designs
C) He does not understand the strengths of qualitative research designs
D) He does not understand the limitations of quantitative research designs

Question 66

Carly is planning her master's thesis. She is interested in understanding the experiences of a small group of first year elementary school teachers. Which type of research design would be best for her to use?

A) Quantitative
B) Qualitative
C) Comparison
D) Mixed

Question 67

One of the strengths of mixed research as depicted in the book is:

A) The use of words, pictures, and narratives to amplify the numbers obtained
B) The credibility the method has with stakeholders
C) The abstract quality of the findings such studies produce
D) The knowledge base on the relative merits of mixed research designs

Question 68

Mixed research designs:

A) rely on quantitative methods and qualitative data
B) are more efficient than quantitative designs
C) can include the complementary strengths of quantitative and qualitative methods
D) are widely accepted by methodological purists

Question 69

Diane is planning a research study. She wants to develop a study through which she can test hypotheses, collect data quickly, and not spend a great deal of time analyzing her data. Which type of research would best meet these criteria?

A) Quantitative research
B) Qualitative research
C) Mixed research
D) All research paradigms will work equally well for her

Question 70

Lack of matching to local conditions is a limitation of which research methodology?

A) Quantitative
B) Qualitative
C) Qualitative dominant
D) Mixed

Question 71

A researcher who was trained in quantitative research designs will tend to design a mixed research study that is qualitatively driven.

Question 72

The time orientation of mixed research refers to:

A) the time the quantitative and qualitative components will take to be completed
B) the time the quantitative and qualitative components will take to be analyzed
C) the time the quantitative and qualitative components will take to be designed
D) the concurrent or sequential nature of quantitative and qualitative components

Question 73

"Methodological pluralism" is used to refer to:

A) Monomethods research
B) Mixed research
C) Quantitative research
D) Qualitative research

Question 74

An inability to generalize is a limitation of which research methodology?

A) Quantitative
B) Qualitative
C) Qualitative dominant
D) Mixed

Question 75

The identification of contextual variables is a strength of which research methodology?

A) Quantitative
B) Qualitative
C) Quantitative dominant
D) Mixed

Question 76

A researcher's most current study confirmed the theory and hypotheses that he set out to test. However, he did not observe another occurrence that could better explain the results he found. This is a common weakness of which research design?

A) Qualitative design
B) Quantitative design
C) QUAN+QUAL
D) QUAL+QUAN

Question 77

In which type of research paradigm are the researcher's opinions most likely to influence the reported results?

A) Monomethods research
B) Mixed research
C) Quantitative research
D) Qualitative research

Question 78

Mixed research never involves equal emphasis on quantitative and qualitative parts of the design.

Question 79

In the design, QUALQUAN we know that the qualitative and quantitative components were equally emphasized and that the qualitative component was conducted before the quantitative component.

Question 80

Dr. Lewis has been asked by the administration of his university to conduct research on undergraduate students' satisfaction with the university. Based on the strengths and limitations of different research designs, which design should he choose to make the administrators happy?

A) Mixed methods design
B) Compatibility design
C) Qualitative design
D) Quantitative design