Deck 3: Principles and Applications of Pavlovian Conditioning

Question 1

Which of the following cannot be conditioned using Pavlovian conditioning?

A)fear
B)hunger
C)emotions
D)all of these can be conditioned

Answer 1

D

Question 2

You go out to dinner on your birthday.During that time you have a wonderful dinner including chocolate mousse for dessert.As you travel home you see a Dairy Queen restaurant in the distance.When you get to the Dairy Queen you pull into the drive through and get a chocolate covered ice cream cone.Why did you stop into the Dairy Queen when you're full? Choose the most accurate answer.

A)Seeing the Dairy Queen sign elicited cues that caused an eating response.
B)You always liked chocolate so you stopped.
C)The Dairy Queen sign was in unconditioned stimulus.
D)The chocolate was a conditioned stimulus.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which is not a basic component of Pavlovian conditioning?

A)unconditioned stimulus
B)unconditioned response
C)conditioned stimulus
D)asymptomatic response

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which structures play an important role in Pavlovian fear conditioning?

A)central amygdala
B)central sulcus
C)basolateral amygdala
D)prefrontal cortex

Question 5

When I see the McDonald's golden arches I automatically begin to feel hungry.Ultimately the golden arches is a ______.

A)conditioned stimulus
B)unconditioned stimulus
C)conditioned response
D)unconditioned response

Question 6

Drover,my dog follows me into the kitchen where he sees me get some food.Of course,I give him a treat.After doing this several times,now,every time I go into the kitchen,Drover follows me to get some food.In this example,the food is the ______.

A)unconditioned stimulus
B)conditioned stimulus
C)unconditioned response
D)conditioned response

Question 7

The stronger the UCS ______.

A)the more intense the conditioned response
B)the weaker the conditioned response
C)the weaker the CS
D)none of these

Question 8

Steve is eating a piece of salmon.Three hours later,Steve begins to throw up.Now Steve refuses to eat salmon every time it is served.This is an example of ______.

A)delayed conditioning
B)backward conditioning
C)flavor aversion conditioning
D)temporal conditioning

Question 9

José is a salesman who flies frequently on an airplane.On one flight,the plane experience some bad turbulence.What is José's response to the turbulence?

A)He will experience minimal distress.
B)He will experience significant distress and fear.
C)He will experience distress and then relax even well the turbulence is occurring.
D)He will initially relax then start to become distressed.

Question 10

The strength of the conditioned response depends upon the ______.

A)intensity of the conditioned stimulus
B)the intensity of the conditioned response
C)the intensity of the unconditioned stimulus
D)the feeling about the conditioned stimulus

Question 11

Following conditioning,the conditioned stimulus is able to elicit a conditioned response.How high can the conditioned response go?

A)It first decreases,then increases,then decreases,then increases.The cycle then continues.
B)It goes for a period of time,then stops,then increases,then stops.The cycle then continues.
C)The conditioned response increases,then decreases.
D)It increases to a maximum or asymptotic level is reached.

Question 12

When I look into the refrigerator,I see yogurt,apples,celery,and some chocolate cream pie.Which of these items will give me the greatest conditioned response?

A)the yogurt
B)the apples
C)the chocolate cream pie
D)the refrigerator

Question 13

Rats are presented continuous tone--food pairings.When this occurs it initially activates nerve cells in the ______ who signals end up in the ______

A)hypothalamic nucleus; dorsal thalamic nucleus
B)basolateral amygdala; central amygdala
C)medial prefrontal cortex; lateral amygdala
D)basolateral amygdala; prefrontal cortex

Question 14

Although many factors determine whether Pavlovian conditioning will occur,which factor is essential to the development of the conditioned response?

A)the pairing of the CS and UCS
B)the pairing of the CS and the CR
C)the pairing of the UCS and that CR
D)the pairing of the CS and the UCR

Question 15

Which structure is responsible for the elicitation of feeding behavior by conditioned stimuli?

A)ventromedial amygdala
B)dorsal medial thalamus
C)dorsal lateral thalamus
D)basolateral amygdala

Question 16

Mark is eaten a lot of food at McDonald's and finished with his favorite dessert,a chocolate sundae.He is then given a list of foods including names of his favorite foods.When doing so,which brain structure will become very active to his favorite foods but not neutral foods?

A)the thalamus
B)the amygdala
C)the prefrontal cortex
D)the hypolateral hypothalamus

Question 17

Drover,my dog follows me into the kitchen where he sees me get some food.Of course,I give him a treat.After doing this several times,now,every time I go into the kitchen,Drover follows me to get some food.Going to the kitchen is an example of the ______.

A)unconditioned stimulus
B)conditioned stimulus
C)unconditioned response
D)conditioned response

Question 18

Susan was a saleswoman who flies frequently on an airplane usually in turbulent conditions.As they were flying over the Atlantic Ocean,the seat belt sign was suddenly turned on and a little bell rang.As a consequence,Susan's reaction will be ______.

A)relaxed
B)anxious
C)relaxation,then anxiety
D)relaxation,then anxiety,then relaxation again

Question 19

A deer is eating grass in a field.Suddenly,it sees me approaching and freezes.This is an example of ______.

A)a conditioned emotional response
B)delayed conditioning
C)an escape task
D)an avoidance task

Question 20

After eating a great dinner at Anthony's fish restaurant,I am driving home.On the way I see the McDonald's Golden Arches in the distance.As I get closer what should happen?

A)Because I am full I will drive on by.
B)The environmental cues will have no impact and I will drive on by.
C)The Golden Arches will cause me to stop at McDonald's and purchase some food.
D)The Golden Arches will remind me that I need to stop by McDonald's tomorrow.

Question 21

Which of the following is correct?

A)A low intensity conditioned stimulus will produce a high unconditioned response.
B)The more intense the conditioned stimulus,the greater the conditioned response strength.
C)The more intense the conditioned stimulus,the weaker the conditioned response strength.
D)A low intensity conditioned stimulus will have no impact on a conditioned response.

Question 22

Maurice goes to a restaurant where he has served fried calamari.Approximately 3 hr later,Maurice begins to get nauseated and vomits.As a result,Maurice refuses the calamari every time it is served.This is an example of ______.

A)temporal conditioning
B)backward conditioning
C)delayed conditioning
D)flavor aversion conditioning

Question 23

The likelihood that a particular neutral stimulus will elicit a conditioned response is called ______.

A)contrapreparedness
B)CS-UCS elicitation
C)species specific stimuli preparedness
D)salience

Question 24

A conditioned stimulus is presented,then an unconditioned stimulus is given while at the same time the conditioned stimulus is stopped.This is an example of ______.

A)trace conditioning
B)delayed conditioning
C)simultaneous conditioning
D)backward conditioning

Question 25

John is trying to condition his dog to salivate to a bell.Which type of food should John use?

A)a food pellet
B)a doggy biscuit
C)a hot dog
D)a piece of steak

Question 26

Every morning my dog Samual hears the sound of me opening the dog food can and closing it.A few seconds later I put food in Samuel's bowl.As a result,Samuel always appears immediately after the closing the dog food can.This is an example of ______.

A)temporal conditioning
B)delayed conditioning
C)trace conditioning
D)simultaneous conditioning

Question 27

Which of the following is correct?

A)The more intense the unconditioned stimulus,the greater the conditioned response strength.
B)The more intense the unconditioned stimulus,the weaker the conditioned response strength.
C)The less intense the unconditioned stimulus,the greater the conditioned response strength.
D)The strength of the unconditioned stimulus has no impact on the conditioned response strength.

Question 28

A conditioned stimulus is presented,then stopped.Then the unconditioned stimulus is given.This is an example of ______.

A)trace conditioning
B)delayed conditioning
C)simultaneous conditioning
D)temporal conditioning

Question 29

Which of the following is the least effective conditioning procedure?

A)delay conditioning
B)trace conditioning
C)backward conditioning
D)simultaneous conditioning

Question 30

Jackson lives in tornado alley.Whenever Jackson sees dark clouds and lightning in the distance,Jackson becomes frightened.This is an example of ______.

A)trace conditioning
B)backward conditioning
C)temporal conditioning
D)delayed conditioning

Question 31

I am trying to teach Jasmine my dog a new trick.I give her a doggy treat,then pat her on the head.This is an example of ______.

A)temporal conditioning
B)delayed conditioning
C)trace conditioning
D)backward conditioning

Question 32

I have a job where I must wake up at 5 a.m.Monday through Friday to get the work.Due to Temporal Conditioning,on Saturday and Sunday,at what time do I get up?

A)3 a.m.
B)5 a.m.
C)7 a.m.
D)I get to sleep in on both days so I get up at 8 or 9 a.m.

Question 33

In Backward Conditioning,______.

A)I present the CS before the UCS
B)I present the UCR before the CS
C)I present the UCS before the CS
D)I present the CS before the UCR

Question 34

Delayed conditioning is under the control of the ______,while trace conditioning is under the control of the ______.

A)cortex; amygdala
B)hippocampus; amygdala
C)cerebellum; hippocampus
D)amygdala; hippocampus

Question 35

Which of the following is the most effective conditioning procedure?

A)delayed conditioning
B)trace conditioning
C)backward conditioning
D)simultaneous conditioning

Question 36

In an experiment,I turn on a light at the same time food is presented.This is an example of ______.

A)trace conditioning
B)delayed conditioning
C)simultaneous conditioning
D)temporal conditioning

Question 37

Which of the following is incorrect?

A)The more presentations of the CS before UCS,the greater the conditioning.
B)The conditioned stimulus must be predictable.
C)The more intense the conditioned stimulus,the greater the conditioning.
D)The more presentations of the UCS before the CS,the greater the conditioning.

Question 38

Dr.Smith is wanting to condition a knee-jerk reflex.The optimum interstimulus interval for the presentation of the CS and the UCS should be ______.

A)2 ms
B)2 s
C)5 s
D)30 s

Question 39

John is trying to condition his dog to salivate to a bell.Which type of bell will produce the greatest conditioned response strength?

A)a small bell that goes ting ting
B)a doorbell
C)a low intensity church bell
D)a high intensity church bell

Question 40

Optimal interstimulus intervals vary for different systems.Why might this occur?

A)It reflects the latency to respond in a particular reflex system.
B)It is because the CS changes the UCS at different rates.
C)It is because the UCS impacts the CS at different rates.
D)It is because the conditioned stimulus elicits different unconditioned responses at different rates.

Question 41

John did poorly in his chemistry class and as a result did not like the professor.Further,he also disliked his chemistry professor's friend with whom he had never taken a class.This dislike of the professor's friend is an example of ______.

A)counterconditioning
B)stimulus substitution
C)higher-order conditioning
D)systematic conditional learning

Question 42

The ______ amygdala is activated by a surprising event while stimuli that are not surprising activates the ______ amygdala.

A)basolateral; corticomedial
B)anteriolateral; basolateral
C)corticomedial; basolateral
D)basolateral; anteriolateral

Question 43

In general,which of the following statements is correct?

A)Most stimuli will gradually develop the ability to elicit a conditioned response.
B)Few stimuli will gradually develop the ability to elicit a conditioned response.
C)Salient stimuli do not rapidly become associated with particular unconditioned stimuli.
D)Non-salient stimuli often become associated with repeated conditioned stimuli-unconditioned stimuli pairings.

Question 44

Systematic Desensitization consists of several stages.Which is not one of these stages?

A)construction of a fear hierarchy
B)keeping the person in direct contact with the stimulus until the fear goes away
C)relaxation
D)counterconditioning

Question 45

Systematic desensitization has been used to treat ______.

A)fear of heights
B)addiction
C)fear of dentists
D)all of these

Question 46

Matthew is in an experiment.In the experiment,a light is turned on,then perfume is released into the air and finally food is put into his mouth.If the light prevents the perfume from causing the conditioning,this is called ______.

A)que predictability
B)blocking
C)salience
D)behavioral contrast

Question 47

Techniques to overcome human phobic behavior include ______.

A)counterconditioning
B)reciprocal inhibition
C)sensory disinhibition
D)none of these

Question 48

In the first phase of an experiment,food is given to a dog and it salivates.In the second phase,a light is turned on,the food is given,and the dog salivates.After several pairings,every time the light is turned on,the dog salivates.After continual pairings with the light,the salivation begins to decrease.This is called ______.

A)sensory preconditioning
B)extinction
C)stimulus narrowing
D)blocking

Question 49

Which structure plays a very important role in the recovery of the conditioned response following extinction?

A)the hypothalamus
B)the amygdala
C)the dorsal column
D)the hippocampus

Question 50

The strength of a Conditioned Response acquired through Higher-Order Conditioning ______.

A)is higher than the original CR
B)is about the same as the original CR
C)is lower than the original CR
D)is originally higher,then becomes lower over time

Question 51

Joe is in an experiment.At first a bell is rung,then a light is turned on,and finally food is put in his mouth.Which of the following statements is correct?

A)The light and the bell together provide the worst conditioning.
B)The light and the bell together provide the best conditioning.
C)The light will stop the conditioning to the bell.
D)The bell will stop the conditioning to the light.

Question 52

The best way to get extinction to occur is ______.

A)have a large number of extinction trials
B)present a large amount of the unconditioned stimulus during training
C)have many presentations of the CS alone
D)none of these

Question 53

McIntosh contends ______.

A)Conditioned stimulus one will block conditioned stimulus two when no unconditioned stimulus is present.
B)Conditioned stimulus two will block conditioned stimulus one when no unconditioned stimulus is present.
C)Surprise is necessary for Pavlovian conditioning to occur.
D)Blocking only occurs when conditioned stimulus one is presented before and after conditioned stimulus two.

Question 54

Jane was walking down the street with her friend Joe.Suddenly,a dog came up and bit Joe on the leg resulting in blood going everywhere.As a result,Jane now is extremely afraid of dogs.This is an example of ______.

A)sensory preconditioning
B)higher-order conditioning
C)vicarious conditioning
D)blocking

Question 55

Martin wants to lose weight.One way to do that might be to ______.

A)restrict food intake to a room where he normally eats
B)eat out in a variety of environments
C)eat at the same time every day
D)eat only while watching television or a movie

Question 56

Many stimuli develop the ability to elicit a CR indirectly.That is,not directly paired with a UCS.Ways to develop that CR include ______.

A)stimulus generalization
B)higher-order conditioning
C)sensory preconditioning
D)all of these

Question 57

According to Bolles,what must occur before we can acquire a conditioned response?

A)You must have contiguity.
B)You must have contrapreparedness.
C)You must have a predictable conditioned stimulus.
D)You must have a predictable unconditioned stimulus.

Question 58

A dog and his owner (who is your neighbor)are walking toward you.When they arrive,the dog bites you on the leg.As a result,you are fearful of the dog,but now ALSO the neighbor.This is an example of ______.

A)stimulus substitution
B)counterconditioning
C)behavioral contrast
D)sensory preconditioning

Question 59

In the first phase of an experiment,food is given to a dog and it salivates.In the second phase,a light is turned on,the food is given,and the dog salivates.After several pairings,every time the light is turned on,the dog salivates.After continual pairings with the light,the salivation begins to decrease and ultimately goes to zero.The dog is then taken out of the experimental chamber and placed in its home pen.The following day it is placed back in the experimental chamber and the conditioned stimulus is presented again.How much salvation will occur?

A)No salvation will occur.
B)The salvation will remain the same as it originally was.
C)The salivation will occur but not at the rate it originally was.
D)There will be more salvation than there originally was.

Question 60

When a novel stimulus disrupts the inhibition of a Conditioned Response,this is called ______.

A)blocking
B)disinhibition
C)behavioral contrast
D)salience

Question 61

Eyeblink conditioning is slow.

Question 62

After you implement an extinction procedure and the behavior is at zero.When you take the animal out of the experimental chamber,allow it to rest,then return it to the experimental chamber and present the conditioned stimulus,the organism will elicit the conditioned response.

Question 63

The lateral and central amygdala appears to play an important role in the conditioning of fear.

Question 64

Describe the process of higher-order conditioning

Question 65

Compare and contrast Counterconditioning with Systematic Desensitization.

Question 66

Some stimuli,despite repeated conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus pairings,cannot become associated with a particular UCS.

Question 67

The optimal CS-UCS interval is 450 ms for all types of conditioning to occur.

Question 68

Describe the process of extinction and spontaneous recovery.

Question 69

Fear is conditioned when a novel stimulus is associated with a calming event.

Question 70

When getting sick after eating some particular item causes you to stop eating that item,this is known as flavor aversion conditioning.

Question 71

The structure responsible for the elicitation of feeding behavior by conditioned stimuli is the central amygdala.

Question 72

The worst conditioning procedure is called trace conditioning.

Question 73

The strength of the conditioned response depends on the intensity of the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 74

The basolateral amygdala plays an important role in fear.

Question 75

Events must consistently occur before we can acquire a conditioned response.

Question 76

Describe the classical conditioning procedure.

Question 77

Compare and contrast Delayed Conditioning,Trace Conditioning,Backward Conditioning,Simultaneous Conditioning,and Temporal Conditioning.

Question 78

Both positive and negative emotions can be developed through Pavlovian conditioning.

Question 79

Two individuals that developed techniques to eliminate fears included Mary Cover Jones and Joseph Wolpe.

Question 80

When you stop providing an unconditioned stimulus,the conditioned response will decrease