Deck 3: Thoracic Viscera: Chest and Upper Airway

Question 1

What structure is in the mediastinum?

A) Larynx
B) Lungs
C) Thymus
D) Diaphragm

Answer 1

Thymus

Question 2

The right lung is about how much shorter than the left?

A) 1 centimeter
B) 1 inch
C) 2 centimeters
D) 2 inches

Answer 2

1 inch

Question 3

What is the name of the hooklike process on the last tracheal cartilage?

A) Carina
B) Larynx
C) Alveolus
D) Bronchiole

Answer 3

Carina

Question 4

The lungs are composed of a light,spongy,elastic substance called the:

A) pleura.
B) bronchioles.
C) parenchyma.
D) serous membrane.

Question 5

After entering the hilum,each primary bronchus divides.How many primary branches are in the right lung?

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five

Question 6

What is the name of the tongue-shaped process on the anterior-medial border of the left lung?

A) Apex
B) Base
C) Hilum
D) Lingula

Question 7

Where does the esophagus lie in relation to the trachea?

A) To the right
B) To the left
C) In front of the trachea
D) Behind the trachea

Question 8

Which of the following exposure techniques is required to penetrate all of the thoracic anatomy?

A) Low kVp
B) High kVp
C) Short exposure time
D) Long exposure time

Question 9

Where are the hands placed for a PA projection of the chest?

A) Back of the hands on the hips
B) Palms of the hands on the hips
C) Backs of the hands on the lateral thighs
D) Palms of the hands on the lateral thighs

Question 10

The presence of gas or air in the pleural cavity is termed:

A) pneumonias.
B) pneumothorax.
C) pneumomediastinum.
D) pneumopericardium.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the position of the thymus gland?

A) In the inferior mediastinum
B) In the anterior neck
C) Behind the heart
D) Behind the manubrium

Question 12

Why is the upright left lateral position the most commonly used for lateral radiographs of the chest?

A) Less chance of body rotation
B) Patient's heart is closer to the image receptor
C) There is greater magnification of the heart
D) Easier to visualize interlobar fissures

Question 13

What is the most optimal position of the patient for examinations of the heart and lungs?

A) Prone
B) Supine
C) Upright
D) Decubitus

Question 14

How far above the shoulders should the IR be positioned for PA and lateral chest radiographs?

A) 1 to 2 centimeters
B) 2 to 3 inches
C) 2.5 to 3.5 inches
D) 1.5 to 2 inches

Question 15

What is the name of the double-walled serous membrane sac that encloses the lung?

A) Lingula
B) Pleura
C) Pleural cavity
D) Costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 16

What is the central-ray angle for a PA projection of the chest?

A) 5 degrees caudad
B) 5 degrees cephalad
C) 5 to 7 degrees caudad
D) Perpendicular

Question 17

The area identified in this figure is the:

A) hilum.
B) lingula.
C) mediastinum.
D) pulmonary veins.

Question 18

The area between the two lungs is termed the:

A) carina.
B) thorax.
C) mediastinum.
D) pleural space.

Question 19

All are part of the respiratory system,except:

A) lungs.
B) trachea.
C) pharynx.
D) esophagus.

Question 20

The part of the lung that extends above the clavicle is termed the:

A) apex.
B) base.
C) hilum.
D) lingula.

Question 21

What is the optimal respiration phase for a PA or lateral chest radiograph?

A) First breath,full inspiration
B) First breath,full expiration
C) Second breath,full inspiration
D) Second breath,full expiration

Question 22

How many degrees of body rotation are required for routine AP or PA oblique chest radiography?

A) 30
B) 45
C) 60
D) 35

Question 23

Which of the following is a recommended SID for a supine AP chest radiograph?

A) 40 inches
B) 48 inches
C) 72 inches
D) 120 inches

Question 24

The AP oblique projection,RPO position of the chest essentially produces the same image as the _____.

A) AP oblique projection,LPO position
B) PA oblique projection RAO position
C) PA,oblique projection LAO position
D) AP axial projection,lordotic position

Question 25

The Lindblom method is used to demonstrate the:

A) posterior ribs.
B) upper anterior ribs.
C) heart and great vessels.
D) pulmonary apices.

Question 26

How is the central ray positioned for an x-ray projection done with the patient placed in a decubitus position?

A) Vertical
B) Horizontal
C) Transverse
D) Longitudinal

Question 27

For AP oblique projections of the chest,the side of interest is generally the side _____ the IR.

A) closer to
B) farther from

Question 28

Where should the top of the IR be positioned for a PA oblique projection of the lungs?

A) 2 inches above the clavicles
B) 1 to 2 inches above the relaxed shoulders
C) 1 to 2 inches above the vertebral prominens
D) 3 to 4 inches above the vertebral prominens

Question 29

What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique,LAO position of the chest during a cardiac series?

A) 45 to 50 degrees
B) 60 to 65 degrees
C) 55 to 60 degrees
D) 65 to 70 degrees

Question 30

What is the respiration phase for the AP axial projection of the pulmonary apices?

A) Inspiration
B) Expiration
C) Suspended expiration
D) Slow,shallow breathing

Question 31

When the patient is properly positioned for a PA oblique projection of the chest,the central ray will enter the body:

A) at the thoracic spine.
B) 2 inches anterior to the spine.
C) 2 inches posterior to the spine.
D) midway between the lateral surface of the elevated side and the spine.

Question 32

If the patient cannot be placed in the lordotic position for radiography of the pulmonary apices,what is the central-ray angle that can be used to project the clavicles above the apices?

A) 5 to 10 degrees caudad
B) 5 to 10 degrees cephalad
C) 15 to 20 degrees caudad
D) 15 to 20 degrees cephalad

Question 33

What is the central-ray angulation for an AP or PA oblique projection of the chest?

A) 0 degrees
B) 10 degrees caudad
C) 15 to 20 degrees caudad for PA
D) 15 to 20 degrees cephalad for AP

Question 34

How many ribs should be visible above the diaphragm on a PA chest radiograph?

A) 9
B) 10
C) 11
D) 12

Question 35

If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate fluid in the pleural cavity,on which side must the patient lie?

A) Affected side
B) Unaffected side
C) The patient's left side
D) The patient's right side

Question 36

For PA oblique projections of the chest,the side of interest is generally the side _____ the IR.

A) closer to
B) farther from

Question 37

How long should the patient remain in position before making the exposure when performing a projection in the lateral or dorsal decubitus position?

A) 1 minute
B) 2 minutes
C) 5 minutes
D) 10 minutes

Question 38

How far should the patient stand in front of the grid device before leaning backward for the lordotic position?

A) 1/2 foot
B) 1 foot
C) 1 1/2 feet
D) 2 feet

Question 39

What is the central-ray angle for the Lindblom method (lordotic position)of demonstrating the pulmonary apices?

A) 0 degrees
B) 10 degrees cephalad
C) 15 degrees cephalad
D) 15 to 20 degrees cephalad

Question 40

Which plane must be accurately parallel with the IR to prevent distortion of the thoracic structures during a lateral chest radiograph?

A) Coronal plane
B) Horizontal plane
C) Transverse plane
D) Midsagittal plane

Question 41

How far above the top of the shoulders should the IR be positioned for any decubitus position of the chest?

A) At the level of the shoulders
B) 1 to 2 inches above the shoulders
C) 2 to 3 inches above the shoulders
D) 3 to 4 inches above the shoulders

Question 42

The smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree is the _____ bronchial.

A) terminal
B) tertiary
C) secondary
D) primary

Question 43

Each lung is divided into specific segments called:

A) lobes.
B) fissures.
C) pleura.
D) bronchopulmonary segments.

Question 44

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion within the:

A) alveoli.
B) alveolar duct.
C) bronchioles.
D) terminal bronchioles.

Question 45

The costophrenic angle is a part of the:

A) heart.
B) lungs.
C) diaphragm.
D) trachea.

Question 46

Which side of the patient's chest is placed against the vertical IR for a ventral or dorsal decubitus lateral projection?

A) Affected side
B) Unaffected side
C) The patient's left side
D) The patient's right side

Question 47

Where should the top of the IR be positioned for a supine AP chest radiograph?

A) At the level of the shoulders
B) At the level of the clavicles
C) 1 inch above the relaxed shoulders
D) 1 to 2 inches above the relaxed shoulders

Question 48

Inflammation of the bronchi would be termed:

A) branchioma.
B) bronchitis.
C) bronchotomy.
D) bronchiectasis.

Question 49

The thoracic cavity is enclosed with a shiny,slippery lining called the:

A) carina.
B) mediastinum.
C) diaphragm.
D) serous membrane.

Question 50

The space between the two pleural walls is called the:

A) lingula.
B) mediastinum.
C) pleural cavity.
D) parenchyma.

Question 51

Where should the top of the IR be positioned for an AP oblique projection of the lungs?

A) 1inches above the relaxed shoulders
B) 1inches above the jugular notch
C) 1 to 2 inches above the vertebral prominens or 2 inches above the jugular notch
D) 1 to 2 inches above the vertebral prominens or 5 inches above the jugular notch

Question 52

The thoracic cavity contains all of the following,except:

A) larynx.
B) heart.
C) thymus gland.
D) inferior esophagus.

Question 53

What is the patient position for a lateral projection done in the dorsal decubitus position?

A) Seated
B) Standing
C) Prone
D) Supine

Question 54

When fluid replaces air in the lung interstitium and alveoli,the patient is said to have:

A) pulmonary edema.
B) pneumonia.
C) pleural effusion.
D) pneumothorax.

Question 55

What is the recommended SID for a PA chest radiograph?

A) 40 inches
B) 48 inches
C) 72 inches
D) 120 inches

Question 56

What is the respiration phase for AP or lateral projections performed in the decubitus position?

A) Suspended respiration
B) Full inspiration
C) Full expiration
D) Slow,shallow breathing

Question 57

Fluid that collects in the pleural cavity is termed:

A) pneumonia.
B) pneumoconiosis.
C) pleural effusion.
D) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Question 58

All are radiographic projections performed using the decubitus positions,except:

A) AP.
B) lateral.
C) PA.
D) oblique.

Question 59

A chronic condition with persistent obstruction of the bronchial airflow is termed:

A) bronchitis.
B) bronchotomy.
C) bronchiectasis.
D) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Question 60

If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate free air in the pleural cavity,on which side must the patient lie?

A) Affected side
B) Unaffected side
C) The patient's left side
D) The patient's right side

Question 61

Which of the following serves as a passage for both food and air?

A) Pharynx
B) Larynx
C) Trachea
D) Bronchus

Question 62

Which two of the following radiographs are usually taken on a patient who is suspected of having a small amount of free air in the pleural cavity?

A) Right lateral decubitus
B) Left lateral decubitus
C) AP,full inspiration
D) AP,full expiration

Question 63

What anatomy is labeled as letter D and outlined with white dots in the image below?

A) Apex of right lung
B) Apex of left lung
C) Costophrenic angle of right lung
D) Costophrenic angle of left lung

Question 64

The anatomy identified on the lateral neck below is the:

A) oropharynx.
B) esophagus.
C) larynx.
D) trachea.

Question 65

Which two of the following are a part of the mediastinum? (Select all that apply.)

A) Lungs
B) Heart
C) Esophagus
D) Diaphragm

Question 66

For the AP projection of the pharynx and larynx,the central ray should be directed perpendicular to the:

A) thyroid cartilage.
B) laryngeal prominence.
C) cricoid cartilage.
D) jugular notch.

Question 67

Which two of the following will be observed on a supine AP chest radiograph? (Select all that apply.)

A) All 12 ribs are seen.
B) Lung fields appear shorter.
C) Lung fields appear longer.
D) Clavicles projected higher.

Question 68

What anatomy is labeled as letter A in the image below?

A) Apex of right lung
B) Apex of left lung
C) Costophrenic angle of right lung
D) Costophrenic angle of left lung

Question 69

The roof of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx contains a mass of lymphoid tissue known as the:

A) thymus gland.
B) thyroid gland.
C) pharyngeal tonsil.
D) epiglottis.

Question 70

The anatomy identified on the lateral neck above is the:

A) oropharynx.
B) nasopharynx.
C) soft palate.
D) epiglottis.

Question 71

Which positioning maneuver moves the scapulae out of the lateral aspects of the lungs?

A) Placing the backs of the hands low on the hips
B) Rolling the shoulders forward
C) Depressing the shoulders to lie in the same transverse plane
D) Placing the patient in an upright position

Question 72

The organ of voice is the:

A) uvula.
B) epiglottis.
C) pharynx.
D) larynx.

Question 73

The laryngeal prominence known as the Adam's apple is the:

A) epiglottis.
B) cricoid cartilage.
C) thyroid cartilage.
D) hyoid bone.

Question 74

Which is the most common imaging modality for examination of the soft palate,pharynx,and larynx?

A) Computed radiography
B) Computed tomography
C) Magnetic resonance imaging
D) Nuclear medicine

Question 75

The aspiration of a foreign particle in the lung is termed:

A) pneumonia.
B) bronchitis.
C) viral pneumonia.
D) aspiration pneumonia.

Question 76

What anatomy is labeled as letter C in the image below?

A) Thymus gland
B) Heart
C) Lingula
D) Aortic arch

Question 77

Which two of the following are required to produce a radiograph using a decubitus position? (Select all that apply.)

A) Horizontal x-ray beam
B) Vertical x-ray beam
C) Patient in recumbent position
D) Patient in the upright position

Question 78

What anatomy is labeled as letter B in the image below?

A) Apex of right lung
B) Apex of left lung
C) Aortic arch
D) Thymus gland

Question 79

Which two of the following are advantages of using an SID of 72 inches for chest radiography?

A) Decreased magnification of the heart
B) Increased spatial resolution of delicate lung structures
C) Increased ability to position patient accurately
D) Greater penetration of the mediastinum