Deck 3: Personality,perception,and Attribution

Question 1

What type of employee is most likely to display positive affectivity?

A) those who have an internal locus of control
B) those who have low self-efficacy
C) those who are self-monitors
D) those who have high anxiety

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Abel pays close attention to the behaviour of others and gauges his own behaviour accordingly.What is Abel demonstrating?

A) low self-esteem
B) high self-esteem
C) low self-monitoring
D) high self-monitoring

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What does research indicate about individuals who are introverted,conscientious employees?

A) they leave work when their tasks are complete
B) they prefer to work along
C) they are more likely to be absent from work
D) they are less likely to be absent from work

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Denise and Teresa are students in an organizational behaviour course.Denise outperforms Teresa on the first exam,and Teresa convinces herself that Denise is not really a good person to compare herself to because Denise is a psychology major and Teresa is majoring in accounting.What is the best explanation for Teresa's reaction?

A) Teresa has an external locus of control.
B) Teresa probably has an inflated generalized belief of her capabilities.
C) Teresa's high self-esteem is protecting her from this unfavourable comparison.
D) Teresa is a low self-monitor.

Question 5

Which trait would you consider if you wanted to hire a person who is hardworking,organized,and dependable?

A) conscientiousness
B) introversion
C) anxious
D) extraversion

Question 6

What does general mental ability indicate?

A) a strong correlation with emotional stability
B) a strong correlation with extraversion
C) a strong correlation with work performance
D) a strong correlation with work commitment

Question 7

What best exemplifies the 'P' of Lewin's equation?

A) the personality of the person
B) the resulting behaviour by the person
C) the impact of the environment
D) the skills and abilities of the person

Question 8

Which high-performing employees are associated with emotional stability and extraversion?

A) individuals who work with numbers,such as accountants
B) customer service employees
C) work teams
D) managers

Question 9

Where did the basis for understanding individual differences originate?

A) Rogers's contention that everyone is unique
B) Jung's development of personality archetypes
C) Lewin's contention that behaviour is a function of the person and the environment
D) Bandura's approach to social-cognitive social learning theory

Question 10

What is the term for the way in which factors such as skills,abilities,personalities,perceptions,attitudes,values,and ethics differ from one individual to another?

A) variation in traits
B) individual differences
C) group differences
D) personality

Question 11

You are a manager who understands the implications of self-esteem on work behaviour.What is the best way to manage your staff?

A) clearly measure the results of employee tasks
B) give appropriate challenges and opportunities for success
C) clearly tie rewards to performance
D) provide continual positive feedback

Question 12

All of the employees in the group you supervise have an internal locus of control.What is the best way to manage them?

A) provide explicit and frequent job instructions
B) provide considerable leeway for them to determine how to perform their work
C) provide frequent discipline to group members for slowness and lack of initiative
D) provide close supervision

Question 13

What is a difference between internal and external locus of control

A) internal is self and external is situation or others
B) internal is situation and external is self action
C) internal is beliefs and external is control
D) internal is self and external is overall view

Question 14

Suppose the president of your company is considered a transformational leader.What would you expect his CSE to be?

A) none
B) low
C) medium
D) high

Question 15

Amy believes she controls what happens to her.What personality characteristic does she exhibit?

A) self-efficacy
B) internal locus of control
C) core internal self-evaluation
D) external locus of control

Question 16

What variables correspond to the integrative approach?

A) self-esteem and self-evaluation
B) task achievement and positivity
C) confidence and ability
D) disposition and situation

Question 17

What is the term for the relatively stable set of characteristics that influences an individual's behaviour?

A) integrative approach
B) perceptual process
C) personality
D) predispositions

Question 18

What has the greatest influence on shaping personality?

A) consequences of behaviour and the environment
B) heredity and environment
C) thoughts and feelings
D) the person and the situation

Question 19

Which characteristic applies to self-efficacy?

A) a belief that one has self- or situational control
B) a feeling of one's self-worth
C) the extent to which one bases behaviour on cues from other people and situations
D) a belief about one's capability to deal with life's events and challenges

Question 20

What is one of the most important determinants of high self-efficacy?

A) an internal locus of control
B) previous success
C) the tendency to be a low self-monitor
D) high self-esteem

Question 21

Which statement applies to a member of a work group who loafs and makes only a very minimal contribution?

A) He exhibits negative affectivity.
B) He likes to experience control over others.
C) He will be successful if left alone.
D) He has an internal locus of control.

Question 22

What includes both social context and discounting principle as characteristics?

A) perceiver
B) interaction
C) target
D) situation

Question 23

Tora organizes her thinking and the way in which she assembles and interprets information about her colleague Kyle.What characteristic is she demonstrating?

A) situational cues
B) cognitive structure
C) attitude structuring
D) self-concept

Question 24

Dorian is having trouble with her team.Her boss suggests using MBTI.Why would her boss suggest this?

A) to understand individual differences
B) to identify what motivates employees
C) to understand why people do what they do
D) to identify how to motivate employees

Question 25

In Japan,discussing business after working hours is considered rude.What does this demonstrate?

A) cognitive structure
B) intentions
C) social perception
D) social context

Question 26

According to the Jungian approach to personality,which preference reflects what we pay attention to or how we prefer to gather information?

A) extraversion/introversion
B) judging/perceiving
C) sensing/intuiting
D) thinking/feeling

Question 27

What is a key finding of MBTI?

A) There are no preferences better than others and differences should be celebrated.
B) It is the key measure for personality.
C) It is a way to identify human differences and similarities by separating behavioural tendencies or dispositions.
D) It is a projective test that captures psychological disorders.

Question 28

Which of the following would most likely characterize an individual who is ISFP?

A) quickly sees patterns in external events
B) wants to understand what motivates others
C) loyal to their own values
D) enjoys the present and what is going on

Question 29

Which of the following types would you consider an employee to be if he pays attention to information gathering?

A) intution
B) sensing
C) judging
D) perceiving

Question 30

Joanne focused on the multiple characteristics of her new employee,taking in her height,weight,and appearance.What is Joanne demonstrating?

A) cognitive weighting
B) ability to focus
C) cognitive complexity
D) attention span

Question 31

What is the term for the extent to which people base their behaviour on cues from other people and situations?

A) self-efficacy
B) self-esteem
C) self-control
D) self-monitoring

Question 32

What three major categories influence our perception of one another?

A) timing of information,availability of information,and consistency of information
B) characteristics of ourselves,the target person,and the situation
C) characteristics of ourselves,the target person,and consistency of information
D) availability of information,the target person,and the situation

Question 33

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'sixth sense'?

A) sensing
B) thinking
C) intuition
D) perceiving

Question 34

According to the textbook,which personality type do the majority of Canadians hold in comparison to Americans?

A) feeling
B) extraverted
C) introverted
D) thinking

Question 35

Preet is considered interactive and reflective during his interactions at work.What are these qualities characteristic of?

A) thinking/feeling
B) extraversion/introversion
C) sensing/intuiting
D) judging/perceiving

Question 36

You encounter a warm and personable car salesperson,but you don't assume that this behaviour reflects the salesperson's personality.Which social perception principle are you using?

A) perceiver
B) social context
C) discounting
D) cognitive bias

Question 37

Bethany is spontaneous.Which quality best categorizes her?

A) judging
B) sensing
C) perceiving
D) intuition

Question 38

What should managers who want to promote positive affectivity do?

A) give positive feedback in order to increase self-esteem
B) allow participative decision making and provide pleasant working conditions
C) hire those with an external orientation
D) reduce the anxiety in jobs

Question 39

How many MBTI preference combinations exist?

A) 12
B) 14
C) 16
D) 18

Question 40

Dana goes to a car dealership to buy a car.The salesman is warm and friendly; however,Dana believes he is acting this way just to sell her a car.What could be the reason for his warm and friendly attitude towards Dana?

A) cognitive miser
B) situation
C) perceiver
D) target

Question 41

Which of the following best summarizes attribution theory?

A) specifying correct or appropriate behaviour
B) observing behaviour
C) explaining causes of behaviour
D) measuring behaviour

Question 42

What do achievement-oriented individuals attribute their failures to?

A) lack of effort and a difficult task
B) bad luck and a difficult task
C) lack of effort
D) bad luck

Question 43

Which is an example of an external attribution?

A) I did well on the exam because I had the answers.
B) I did well on the exam because I studied hard.
C) I did well on the exam because it was easy.
D) I did well on the exam because I am smart.

Question 44

What is the term for the tendency to make attributions to internal causes when focusing on someone else's behaviour?

A) the fundamental cognitive error
B) the discounting principle
C) the fundamental attribution error
D) the self-serving bias

Question 45

Assume you are an employment interviewer and you make an incorrect hiring decision based on the applicant's physical appearance.What caused you to make this error?

A) selective perception
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) first-impression error
D) stereotype

Question 46

In a conversation with a friend you attribute your performance in this class to the type of exams and their relative difficulty.What type of attribution are you making?

A) ability
B) external
C) luck
D) internal

Question 47

A company has increased its workforce diversity in the last few years.Which barrier to social perception has most likely been reduced by those individuals who are hiring new employees?

A) first-impression error
B) stereotyping
C) the primacy effect
D) selective perception

Question 48

Your roommate attributes her good test results to her diligent study habits and her low test results to the instructor's poorly-worded questions.Which attribution theory is your roommate demonstrating?

A) consensus error
B) fundamental attribution error
C) acceptance error
D) self-serving bias

Question 49

A manager attributes an employee's poor performance to a lack of effort or ability.What error is the manager probably making?

A) self-serving bias
B) fundamental attribution
C) discounting attribution
D) consistency attribution

Question 50

An employee who does not get along well with other employees but generates the most sales is evaluated only on sales performance.What does this exemplify?

A) cognitive miser
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) selective perception
D) stereotyping

Question 51

What reason might an achievement-oriented sales representative use to explain his failure to meet a monthly sales quota?

A) a change in economic conditions
B) a cutback in product advertising
C) a too-short list of prospects provided by the company
D) a lack of effort

Question 52

Which response most accurately defines the relationship between achievement-oriented individuals and failure-oriented individuals?

A) hard work
B) hard work and skill level
C) hard work and difficulty of task
D) ability

Question 53

Which of the following most commonly characterizes successful candidates?

A) more internal attributions for negative events
B) more external attributions than unsuccessful candidates
C) fewer internal attributions for negative events
D) fewer attributions than unsuccessful candidates

Question 54

When conducting an interview,what is most likely to influence your first impression of an interviewee?

A) physical appearance
B) verbal communication
C) nonverbal communication
D) inferred intentions

Question 55

A supervisor has high expectations of a new employee.What principle of social perception is the supervisor demonstrating?

A) impression management
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) stereotyping
D) perceptual bias

Question 56

Which organizational situation is an example of impression management?

A) a potential employee is interviewed
B) a retiring employee is given an exit interview
C) members of the top management team meet
D) a current employee is disciplined

Question 57

Which of the following is more likely to be demonstrated by a person from India than by a person from China?

A) an external attribution
B) an internal attribution
C) a self-serving bias error
D) a fundamental attribution error

Question 58

A female hockey goalie receives more applause for a save than her male teammate does for the same type of play.What is the most likely explanation?

A) selective perception
B) first-impression error
C) contrast against a stereotype
D) projection

Question 59

Which of the following also means "primacy effect"?

A) selective perception
B) first-impression error
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) a stereotype

Question 60

What do attribution biases imply about managers?

A) Managers must be very wary of the cognitive process in decision-making.
B) Managers must always be correct in their perceptions.
C) Managers must take into account the fundamental tendency for people to make external attributions for their behaviour.
D) Managers must know as much as possible about individual differences and determine the cause of behaviour and perceived source of responsibility.

Question 61

The affectivity of individuals can impact group affect either positively or negatively.

Question 62

An example of a first-impression error would be where speakers with higher vocal pitch are believed to be more competent than those with lower voices.

Question 63

People with high self-esteem and internal locus of control tend to be higher performers and are more satisfied with their jobs.

Question 64

Introverts are less likely to be depressed,and therefore are happier and more satisfied with romantic relationships.

Question 65

Match the following:
a.The way in which factors such as skills,abilities,personalities,values,and ethics vary from one person to another
b.A relatively stable set of characteristics that influences one's behaviour
c.Behaviour is a function of the person and his or her environment
d.Tendencies of persons to respond to situations in consistent ways
e.A person's general feeling of self-worth
Self-Esteem

Question 66

Match the following:
a.The way in which factors such as skills,abilities,personalities,values,and ethics vary from one person to another
b.A relatively stable set of characteristics that influences one's behaviour
c.Behaviour is a function of the person and his or her environment
d.Tendencies of persons to respond to situations in consistent ways
e.A person's general feeling of self-worth
Personality

Question 67

Match the following:
a.The way in which factors such as skills,abilities,personalities,values,and ethics vary from one person to another
b.A relatively stable set of characteristics that influences one's behaviour
c.Behaviour is a function of the person and his or her environment
d.Tendencies of persons to respond to situations in consistent ways
e.A person's general feeling of self-worth
Interactional Psychology

Question 68

According to MBTI research,artists and executives are extraverts.

Question 69

Culture does not affect perception

Question 70

The most common method of assessing personality is through projective testing.

Question 71

Dispositions can be modified.

Question 72

The integrative approach to personality emphasizes individual growth and improvement.

Question 73

High achievers are more likely to attribute their success to others and good luck.

Question 74

The way individuals interpret the events around them has a strong influence on their behaviour.

Question 75

High self-monitors can adjust their behaviour to fit the situation.

Question 76

Personality is defined as a relatively stable set of characteristics that influence an individual's behaviour.

Question 77

Research indicates that the perceptions of dissimilarity in values between CEOs and top management teams generally lead to increased conflict.

Question 78

The concept of projection acts on consensus of accurate perceptions of others

Question 79

A manager needs to know the characteristics of a successful employee before he/she can use a personality test as a screening measure.

Question 80

Heredity has been found to not be a determinant of personality.