Deck 9: Episodic Memory

Question 1

Psychologists have yet to devise a good study of false memory that is devoid of misattribution errors and suggestibility.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Familiarity and recollection are two independent processes.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to dual process theories familiarity and recollection are seen as ________.

A) independent processes
B) dependent processes
C) independent from recognition memory
D) independent from recall memory

Answer 3

A

Question 4

On tests of recognition, aged subjects tend to have a high rate of false alarms.

Question 5

Between the ages of 20 and 30 there is a relatively high number of memories, called the __________.

A) infantile bump
B) middle age bump
C) reminiscence bump
D) recency bump

Question 6

Familiarity causes a curvilinear shape in an ROC curve.

Question 7

If a subject is tested using the receiver operating characteristic method they would be asked to __________.

A) recall a list of words from a story previously read
B) identify items from a previously studied list under different conditions
C) recognize a string of syllables from familiar words
D) identify a familiar word from a list of unfamiliar words that are semantically related

Question 8

The ROC function of amnesic subjects was symmetrical, demonstrating a recognition deficiency.

Question 9

Studies indicate that unique and emotionally charged memories are recalled best.

Question 10

Tulving compared episodic and semantic memory on the basis of their representations of _________.

A) favorability
B) time
C) strength
D) repetitiveness

Question 11

Gary is having a hard time remembering what he did before the age of two. This memory problem is called ________.

A) infantile memory loss
B) childhood amnesia
C) childhood distortion
D) infantile distortion

Question 12

Episodic memory is factual and semantic memory is experiential.

Question 13

The hippocampus is strongly activated when London taxi drivers recall specific routes in the city.

Question 14

Our memories for specific past events are specifically called __________ memory.

A) semantic
B) implicit
C) episodic
D) explicit

Question 15

Ambiguities in research surrounding the hippocampus led scientists to turn to animal models.

Question 16

The concept of familiarity refers to the ability to find a perceptual match between _________.

A) a test item and your personal experiences
B) two test items you have experience with
C) the assessment of the meaning of the test item and one's prior history
D) a test item and a stored set of items in one's memory

Question 17

More recently, Tulving believes that episodic memory has a(n) _________ property and semantic memory has a(n) _____ property.

A) noetic; autonoetic
B) autonoetic; noetic
C) intuitive; knowing
D) knowing; intuitive

Question 18

Your personal recollection of an event is specifically called __________ memory.

A) semantic
B) implicit
C) episodic
D) explicit

Question 19

In ROC experiments, when a subject is highly confident about an item then familiarity tends to be judged as high.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a commonality between episodic and semantic memories?

A) complex in nature
B) involve diverse kinds of information
C) characterized by rapid encoding of a great deal of new information
D) relevant to our personal lives

Question 21

Y.R. was a woman who suffered damage almost exclusively to the hippocampus. She performed well on _______ tasks but poorly on _______ tasks.

A) recognition; recall
B) recall; recognition
C) episodic; semantic
D) semantic; episodic

Question 22

Studies which indicate that the hippocampus has an exclusive role in recall memory have been criticized because ___________.

A) the studies were flawed
B) selective hippocampal damage is never complete
C) the hippocampus is a complex structure
D) the hippocampus is so close to surrounding brain areas

Question 23

When animal researchers want to test recognition memory in a single exposure to a novel stimulus they often use the _____________ task.

A) trial-unique simple nonmatch delay
B) trial-unique delayed nonmatch to sample
C) paired matched sample trial
D) present-not present matched

Question 24

You overhear your mother telling somebody that she read in a magazine that 65% of university students suffer from a sleeping disorder when in fact you discussed this research with her last week. This is an example of a __________.

A) misattribution error
B) fallacy bias
C) recall error
D) tip of the tongue phenomenon

Question 25

When subjects successfully encoded the superficial qualities of a word the __________ was activated.

A) parahippocampal region
B) hippocampal region
C) medial temporal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Question 26

Studies into the role of the hippocampus in recognition for where objects have previously been investigated have used the _________ task.

A) ROC
B) habituation-dishabituation
C) unique trial to match
D) test-retest matched sample

Question 27

Research shows that the hippocampus is more active when subjects are recalling ______.

A) factual information
B) more positive information
C) more negative information
D) personal information

Question 28

When testing rats' memory for a specific location where they were given a tasty reward, rats with hippocampal damage had ________.

A) poor memory for the type of treat given
B) a slight delay in the memory for the place where the treat was given
C) poor memory for the place where the treat was given
D) unimpaired memory for the place where the original treat was given

Question 29

Which of the following is a common error in eyewitness testimony?

A) failure to remember details
B) problems identifying faces
C) forgetting
D) suggestibility

Question 30

In a(n) _________ analysis, rats are presented with ten odors and then after a 30-minute delay are presented with ten novel and the ten original odors in a random mixed order.

A) ROC
B) TRC
C) ORC
D) RBC

Question 31

K.C. suffered from widespread damage to several brain regions including the _________.

A) limbic lobe
B) Wernicke's area
C) medial temporal lobe
D) cerebellum

Question 32

The ROC is scored by dividing the ________ by the _______.

A) false alarms; hits
B) hits; false alarms
C) recall hits; recognition hits
D) recollection errors; recall errors

Question 33

One of the features of episodic memories in non-human animals includes memory for ____________.

A) emotional connections
B) who made an event occur
C) where and when something happened
D) how an event occurred

Question 34

K.C. provides biological evidence that ___________.

A) episodic and semantic memory are different systems
B) recall and recognition memory are different systems
C) facial processing and item processing are different systems
D) object location memory is different from spatial memory

Question 35

Fear conditioning studies have been used with rats as a way of exploring how the hippocampus is critical for learning __________.

A) place recognition
B) cued recall
C) state-dependent events
D) important events' environmental context

Question 36

After you were robbed police ask you to come to the police station and identify the thief. You are pretty sure you saw the robber's face so you agree. Confidently you pick out number two, which happens to be the police officer who generally patrols your neighborhood. This is an example of a _________.

A) misattribution error
B) recognition fallacy
C) false alarm
D) hit

Question 37

Studies of individuals who suffered from transient anoxia suggest that the ________ plays a large role in episodic memory.

A) hypothalamus
B) medial temporal lobe
C) amygdala
D) hippocampus

Question 38

A small cup is placed in a cage and a monkey is rewarded for looking inside of it. The cup is removed but after a short delay it is presented again along with a novel stimulus, a ball. A monkey with damage to the hippocampus but intact surrounding areas will ___________.

A) not search under the novel stimulus for a reward
B) show no preference for either object
C) show disinterest in the novel stimulus
D) search under the novel stimulus after a slight delay

Question 39

In general, aged people are more prone to memory errors that result from an overdependence of _________.

A) recall
B) recollection
C) familiarity
D) recognition

Question 40

Successful recognition in the ROC analysis is indicated by a(n) __________.

A) symmetrical curve on the diagonal
B) asymmetrical curve on the diagonal
C) symmetrical curve and a negative hit rate
D) asymmetrical curve and a positive hit rate

Question 41

Why might an older person feel like they had a lot of things happen to them in their 20s compared to their first five years of life or after 40?

Question 42

How do episodic and semantic memory differ in terms of your memories from this class?

Question 43

Strong activation of the ________ occurs during a successful recall of a route.

A) left hippocampus
B) right hippocampus
C) left parahippocampal region
D) right parahippocampal region

Question 44

Exploring the environment from a bird's eye view caused greater activation of the ________.

A) parahippocampal region
B) hippocampus
C) inferior temporal cortex
D) medial temporal area

Question 45

During which of the following activities are hippocampal neurons activated?

A) foraging for food
B) classical conditioning
C) maze tasks
D) All of the above.

Question 46

Why are eyewitness testimonies unreliable sources of information in a court of law?

Question 47

What three features of episodic memory can be tested and measured using non-human animals?

Question 48

When participants explored the environment from a ground perspective, for example a doorway, activation was greater in the __________.

A) posterior parietal cortex
B) parahippocampal region
C) inferior temporal cortex
D) medial temporal area

Question 49

Discuss which kinds of memory show the most prominent declines as we age and why. Be specific in your answer.

Question 50

During a fear conditioning task, rats with damage to the hippocampus show normal fear responses to the ________ but not the __________.

A) conditioned stimulus; contextual cues
B) contextual cues; conditioned stimulus
C) conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
D) contextual cues; emotional cues