Deck 12: Occupational Health Psychology

Question 1

What is the underlying thesis of the effort-reward imbalance model of stress propose?

A) Having control over rewards leads to more effort and less psychological distress .
B) Psychological distress occurs when rewards are inadequate for the effort expended.
C) Psychological distress occurs when the effort to cope with demands devalues the rewards of work.
D) Psychological distress occurs when rewards are given on a variable, non-contingent schedule.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In general, the same stressors have the same effect on everyone.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Having a drink to relax and forget about work demands is a behaviour associated with which type of coping?

A) emotion-based coping
B) cognitive reappraisal
C) disengagement coping
D) control-based coping

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is a central assumption of the mismatch theory of burnout?

A) Most employees' skills are not well matched to the requirement of their jobs.
B) Employees tend to match their work and home emotions to reduce dissonance.
C) Employees experience more burnout when their jobs are not matched to their own expectations.
D) Employees are able to reduce strain significantly by matching their coworkers' level of effort.

Question 5

Which of the following would NOT be considered one of the benefits of telecommuting?

A) reduced commuting time
B) flexible work hours
C) reduced working hours
D) reduced overhead costs for the organization

Question 6

Which of the following does the conservation of resources theory propose?

A) Negative outcomes may occur only when there is an actual loss of resources.
B) Negative health outcomes occur when resources are independent of effort.
C) Individual resilience is tied to the struggle to acquire resources.
D) Negative outcomes occur when employees perceive a threat to their resources.

Question 7

Which of the following do the APA model of healthy workplaces and the Kelloway and Day model have in common?

A) They take a holistic view of healthy workplaces.
B) They view organizational outcomes as an antecedent to employee health.
C) They disregard the issue of work-life balance.
D) They emphasize the central role of societal outcomes.

Question 8

According to the Conference Board of Canada, workplace stress costs the Canadian economy billions of dollars on an annual basis.

Question 9

Chelsea is facing conflict with a co-worker, which is creating a lot of stress for her.She decides to have a calm and positive talk with the co-worker to try to resolve the negative interpersonal relationship and decrease her stress levels.What type of coping is Chelsea using to reduce her stress?

A) problem focused
B) avoidance focused
C) emotion focused
D) appraisal focused

Question 10

According to Greenhaus and Beutell (1985), work-family conflict might arise in terms of what three causes?

A) family demands, social expectations, and normative requirements
B) individual, group, and organizational demands
C) fatigue, obligations, and group process expectations
D) time demands, behaviour expectations, and role strain

Question 11

Which of the following would be considered an explicit antecedent of a healthy workplace, according to Kelloway and Day?

A) the extent to which the employees have positive health outcomes
B) the degree to which employees have good work-life balance
C) the extent to which the organization has a positive reputation as a great place to work.
D) the positive impact of societal values.

Question 12

The job demands-resources model proposes what two processes that influence outcomes?

A) the positive process and the negative process
B) the organizational process and the industrial process
C) the workplace process and the work-life process
D) the health impairment process and the motivation process

Question 13

Which of the following is a type of stress management technique in which employees receive training on how and why they are responding to stressful events, and then learn to respond to those events in new ways?

A) cognitive behavioural skills training
B) relaxation training
C) organizational-based intervention training
D) lifestyle program training

Question 14

Under Canadian legislation, what can we conclude about stakeholders' responsibility for employee health and safety?

A) The organization has the sole responsibility for employee health and safety.
B) It is a coworker's responsibility to ensure that an employee is behaving safely.
C) Joint health and safety committees are required by law for certain workplaces in certain provinces
D) Immediate supervisors are deemed to be 90% responsible for employee health and safety.

Question 15

Both Tova and Natalie have lost their jobs.Tova views the situation negatively and is very stressed out.Natalie views it as an opportunity to find a better job (something which she has been meaning to do for while, but has never gotten around to) and she is looking forward to it.According to the transactional model of stress, what process accounts for their different reactions?

A) They are experiencing different stressors.
B) They appraise the situation differently (primary appraisal).
C) Their different strain reactions cause a change in reactions.
D) They have different supports to help them through the process (secondary appraisal).

Question 16

What are the three dimensions of burnout?

A) emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and depersonalization
B) emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and coping style
C) mental resilience, work detachment, and efficacy
D) emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy

Question 17

What does research about work respites and vacations tell us?

A) Vacations have a short-lived positive effect of reducing employee stress.
B) Vacation time has no significant effect on employee stress and well-being.
C) It is preferable to take one long vacation each year overall multiple shorter ones.
D) Weekends have no effect on employee stress, strain, and health.

Question 18

Under which of the following circumstances might emotion-focused coping be the more effective coping style?

A) when dealing with interpersonal stressors
B) when it is impossible to make yourself feel better about a situation
C) when the employee has little or no control over the stressor
D) when dealing with a long-term, but manageable, stressor

Question 19

Which of the following best defines the three dimensions of engagement?

A) emotional resilience, efficacy, and positive accomplishment
B) vigour, absorption, and dedication
C) control, enthusiasm, and challenge
D) emotional engagement, interpersonal positivity, and professional efficacy

Question 20

What is the primary reason why organizations should include tertiary interventions in a comprehensive workplace health program?

A) Because organizations cannot eliminate all demands and stressors.
B) Because emotion-based and problem-based coping are associated with lower stress.
C) Because it is important to address stressors before they become overwhelming issues.
D) Because there are lasting organizational changes that result from tertiary interventions.

Question 21

According to the job demands-job control model, an employee in a low-demands, high-control, and high-support environment would tend to experience very little strain.

Question 22

You have been newly appointed as the Workplace Wellness Coordinator at a large health-care organization.You have some data to indicate that employees are feeling overworked, stressed, unappreciated, and disengaged.You have been asked by management to produce a summary plan of what the organization should do over the next two years to address these issues.What are your recommendations?

Question 23

There are four major stakeholders who are responsible for the occupational health and safety of workers.Please identify three out of the four and give one example each of their responsibilities in contributing to occupational health and safety.

Question 24

Mike is the CEO of a Canadian retail organization.He developed his business from the ground up, and he has always been concerned about the welfare of his workers.He currently has 10 locations, and over 300 employees.He heard about the recent work on "Healthy Workplaces" and he is excited to bring the information to all of his locations.As the VP of Human Resources, you have the task of highlighting areas that would be pertinent to the organization.You quickly read over your "People and Work in Canada" chapter.Please identify the 5 areas of healthy workplaces and identify one or two suggested practices for each of the areas that are used by other Canadian organizations.

Question 25

EFAPs are a secondary and tertiary level of intervention aimed at providing resources and counselling to employees and their families.

Question 26

The transactional model of stress involves three main components.Please identify these three components and provide a brief description of each concept.Identify the two types of appraisals in this model.How do they impact on individuals' perceptions and reactions to stressful events?

Question 27

Respites can include vacation and weekends, and involve using time away from work to re-energize.

Question 28

According to APA's psychologically healthy workplace model, communication is one of the five key categories of workplace initiatives.

Question 29

Primary interventions involve minimizing negative consequences by changing the individual perception of stressors and increasing resources.