Deck 8: Intelligence

Question 1

Which term refers to a learning disorder marked by inattention,impulsiveness,a low tolerance for frustration,and a great deal of inappropriate activity?

A)bipolar disorder
B)childhood schizophrenia
C)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 1

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 2

Which term defines the capacity to understand the world,think with rationality,and use resources effectively when faced with challenges?

A)education
B)assertiveness
C)achievement
D)intelligence

Answer 2

intelligence

Question 3

Which psychologist adopted a pragmatic,trial-and-error approach to psychological measurement that continues to serve as the predominant approach to test construction today?

A)Lev Vygotsky
B)Alfred Binet
C)Howard Gardner
D)David Wechsler

Answer 3

Alfred Binet

Question 4

Which term describes the actual age of a child taking an intelligence test?

A)standard age
B)chronological age
C)intelligence age
D)mental age

Question 5

Which intelligence test consists of a series of items that vary according to the age of the person being tested?

A)Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,Fourth Edition (WISC-IV)
B)Terman Intelligence Test/Education Edition (TITE)
C)Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales,Fifth Edition (SB5)
D)Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children,Second Edition (KABC-II)

Question 6

Which term refers to a measure of intelligence that takes into account a test taker's mental and chronological age?

A)standard age
B)physical age
C)intelligence quotient
D)mental age

Question 7

Which term did Alfred Binet use to describe the typical intelligence level found for people at a given chronological age?

A)standard age
B)physical age
C)intelligence quotient
D)mental age

Question 8

What form do intelligence test scores currently take?

A)deviation IQ scores
B)chronological standardization
C)intelligence quotients
D)mental stability scores

Question 9

__________ is demonstrated when a test measures consistently what it is trying to measure;__________ is demonstrated when a test actually measures what it is supposed to measure.

A)Validity;intelligence quotient
B)Intelligence quotient;reliability
C)Validity;reliability
D)Reliability;validity

Question 10

Twelve-year-old Jerry has difficulty correctly perceiving the arrangement of letters in a word,and difficulty in sounding out letters when he reads.What diagnosis is Jerry likely to receive?

A)childhood anxiety
B)dyslexia
C)attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
D)none;this is a common developmental stage

Question 11

If a child is demonstrating difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening,speaking,reading,writing,reasoning,or mathematical abilities,the child is exhibiting __________.

A)a global intellectual disability
B)an early-onset psychological disorder
C)specific learning disorders
D)irreversible developmental delays

Question 12

Which intelligence test measures children's ability to integrate different stimuli simultaneously and to demonstrate step-by-step thinking?

A)Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,Fourth Edition (WISC-IV)
B)Terman Intelligence Test/Education Edition (TITE)
C)Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales,Fifth Edition (SB5)
D)Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children,Second Edition (KABC-II)

Question 13

Vito is fascinated by the natural world.He spends each weekend in the woods,photographing and cataloging the flora and fauna he observes.He has been asked to give informal presentations to children at his local library on his vast storehouse of knowledge regarding the great outdoors.According to Howard Gardner's conception of intelligence,what kind of intelligence is Vito demonstrating?

A)bodily kinesthetic intelligence
B)linguistic intelligence
C)intrapersonal intelligence
D)naturalist intelligence

Question 14

Carmela is a whiz at problem solving.She won several prizes in robotics competitions while in elementary school,and recently received a summer grant to study applied knot theory,now that she's in high school.According to Howard Gardner's conception of intelligence,what kind of intelligence is Carmela demonstrating?

A)bodily kinesthetic intelligence
B)logical mathematical intelligence
C)spatial intelligence
D)linguistic intelligence

Question 15

Which of the following situations is extraordinarily unlikely?

A)A reliable test is valid.
B)A valid test is unreliable.
C)An invalid test is unreliable.
D)An unreliable test is invalid.

Question 16

Which term describes the accumulation of information,skills,and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations?

A)quantum intelligence
B)fluid intelligence
C)crystallized intelligence
D)intellectual quotient

Question 17

Although no test is completely without bias,which of the following tests is designed to be equally valid regardless of the cultural background of the test-taker?

A)Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,Fourth Edition (WISC IV)
B)Raven Progressive Matrices Test
C)Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales,Fifth Edition (SB5)
D)Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children,Second Edition (KABC-II)

Question 18

Which term describes intelligence that reflects information processing capabilities,reasoning,and memory?

A)triarchic intelligence
B)fluid intelligence
C)crystallized intelligence
D)intellectual quotient

Question 19

According to Howard Gardner's conception of intelligence,what kind of intelligence is characterized by the skillful production and use of language?

A)logical mathematical intelligence
B)spatial intelligence
C)linguistic intelligence
D)interpersonal intelligence

Question 20

Silvio has never taken a lesson,nor can he read music,yet he entertains people regularly by playing the accordion,harmonica,and euphonium,and singing in a rich baritone.He recently purchased a cornet from a pawn shop,and within a week he was playing Are You Experienced? proficiently.According to Howard Gardner's conception of intelligence,what kind of intelligence is Silvio demonstrating?

A)bodily kinesthetic intelligence
B)spatial intelligence
C)musical intelligence
D)naturalist intelligence

Question 21

According to Howard Gardner's conception of intelligence,what kind of intelligence most likely would be demonstrated by an athlete?

A)spatial intelligence
B)naturalist intelligence
C)intrapersonal intelligence
D)bodily kinesthetic intelligence

Question 22

Which attribute involves combining responses or ideas in novel ways?

A)academic intelligence
B)creativity
C)emotional enhancement
D)intellectual responsiveness

Question 23

In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence,what does the experiential aspect of intelligence deal with?

A)how prior experiences are used in problem solving,which involves the ability to cope with new situations
B)the analysis of data to solve problems,using previously learned information
C)how intelligence is used to face real-world demands
D)how emotional experiences affect our interpretation of the information around us

Question 24

When a person uses information that she or he has been taught to solve problems in a rational way,Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence would suggest that person was demonstrating what kind of intelligence?

A)contextual intelligence
B)experiential intelligence
C)practical intelligence
D)componential intelligence

Question 25

What kind of intelligence encompasses skills that underlie the accurate assessment,evaluation,expression,and regulation of feelings?

A)emotional intelligence
B)virtual intelligence
C)accurate intelligence
D)componential intelligence

Question 26

When a person exhibits success facing every day,real-world demands,Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence would suggest that person was demonstrating what kind of intelligence?

A)contextual intelligence
B)experiential intelligence
C)practical intelligence
D)componential intelligence

Question 27

Traditional intelligence tests,such as those used in evaluations in schools,usually focus on which of Sternberg's aspects of intelligence?

A)contextual intelligence
B)experiential intelligence
C)practical intelligence
D)componential intelligence

Question 28

Which term refers to an overall developmental score that relates to performance in the domains of motor skills,language use,adaptive behavior,and personal-social behavior?

A)Gesell index (GI)
B)Bayley indicator (BI)
C)intelligence product (IP)
D)developmental quotient (DQ)

Question 29

What kind of test measures a person's level of knowledge in a given subject area?

A)aptitude test
B)capability test
C)interest inventory
D)achievement test

Question 30

Based on the majority of empirical evidence,what conclusion should be reached regarding the contributions of genetics and environmental influences to the development of intelligence?

A)Intelligence is the product of some complex combination of genetics and environment.
B)Intelligence is primarily a genetic outcome.
C)Intelligence is primarily a product of environmental circumstances.
D)Given the evidence,intelligence is likely to be the result of something other than genetics or environmental influences.

Question 31

One-year-old Svetlana is shown a photograph of a milk carton.A week later she is tested by researchers who ask her to close her eyes and identify,by touch only,which of several objects placed in front of her is a milk carton.If Svetlana correctly identifies the milk carton by touch,what aspect of intelligence is she demonstrating?

A)visual-recognition memory
B)linguistic intelligence
C)cross-modal transference
D)unimodal identification

Question 32

What kind of test predicts a person's level of success or ability in a particular area?

A)aptitude test
B)intelligence test
C)interest inventory
D)achievement test

Question 33

What do the Bayley Scales of Infant Development measure?

A)motor skills,language use,adaptive behavior,and personal-social behavior
B)language skills and adaptive behavior
C)object identification and memory
D)mental and motor abilities

Question 34

What kind of assessment procedure did Arnold Gesell develop in the 1940s?

A)a test to measure the intelligence quotient (IQ)of babies
B)a test designed to distinguish between normal and atypical development in babies
C)an interview procedure to measure language skills in babies
D)a survey of babies' preferences and habits

Question 35

Robert Sternberg proposed a theory that intelligence is made up of componential,experiential,and contextual forms.What is this theory called?

A)stages of adult cognition theory
B)formal operational theory
C)postformal thought theory
D)triarchic theory of intelligence

Question 36

Which developmental assessment technique examines how quickly an infant can retrieve a representation of a stimulus from memory?

A)visual-recognition memory measurement
B)the retrieval quotient
C)the Gesell array
D)Bayley Scales of Infant Development

Question 37

Robert Sternberg proposed a __________ that divides intellectual functioning into different types of information processing.

A)triarchic theory of intelligence
B)fluid intelligence theory
C)crystallized intelligence theory
D)dynamic assessment theory

Question 38

The book The Bell Curve argued that the average 15-point difference between white Americans' and African Americans' IQ is primarily due to __________.

A)high rates of poverty among African Americans
B)environmental factors
C)heredity
D)lower employment among African Americans

Question 39

When it comes to predicting a person's career success as an adult,how informative are traditional IQ tests?

A)They are highly reliable in predicting the success of business executives.
B)They are moderately reliable in predicting the success of business executives.
C)They are only marginally reliable in predicting the success of business executives.
D)They are totally unreliable in predicting the success of business executives.

Question 40

Recent findings show that in the United States,twice as many African American students as white American students are classified as mildly intellectually disabled,which is a difference that experts attribute to __________.

A)less access to preschool services for African American children
B)poverty and cultural bias in testing
C)truancy and inadequate access to educational opportunities
D)inadequate opportunities for self-expression

Question 41

Which approach to education would do away with the need for separate special education programs?

A)full inclusion
B)mainstreaming
C)integration
D)least restrictive environment

Question 42

One reason why brain functioning begins to change in middle adulthood is that __________.

A)middle-aged adults do not take good care of themselves,and it affects the health of their brains
B)middle-aged adults carry greater loads of stress,which adversely affects their health
C)researchers have found that 20 genes that are vital to learning,memory,and mental flexibility begin to function less efficiently as early as age 40
D)middle-aged adults are too busy to participate in mental learning and activities to maintain mental flexibility

Question 43

If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range of around 20 or 25 to 35 or 40,it would be classified as __________.

A)intractable intellectual disability
B)moderate intellectual disability
C)severe intellectual disability
D)mild intellectual disability

Question 44

K.Warner Schaie studied intelligence in older people using which research methodology?

A)cross-sectional design
B)longitudinal design
C)experimental design
D)sequential design

Question 45

Which term describes an approach to education through which students are kept at grade level but are enrolled in special programs and given individual activities to allow greater depth of study on a given topic?

A)special education
B)acceleration
C)enrichment
D)gifted and talented

Question 46

If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range of 50 or 55 to 70,it would be classified as __________.

A)profound intellectual disability
B)moderate intellectual disability
C)borderline intellectual development
D)mild intellectual disability

Question 47

Which term refers to an educational approach in which exceptional children are integrated to the extent possible into the traditional educational system?

A)regular education
B)mainstreaming
C)integration
D)least restrictive environment

Question 48

Which term is used for an educational setting that is most similar to that of children without special needs?

A)regular education
B)mainstreaming
C)integration
D)least restrictive environment

Question 49

When Walter devotes attention and practice to completing his tax returns,and has gained decades of experience in that area,he is demonstrating __________.

A)expertise
B)recursive optimization
C)flexible intent
D)selective optimization

Question 50

Charles has been diagnosed with an intellectual disability.His mother consumed alcohol on a regular basis during her pregnancy.What is the most likely cause of Charles's impairment?

A)Down syndrome
B)Parkinson's disease
C)fetal alcohol syndrome
D)Huntington's disease

Question 51

Burt has been identified as a gifted student.In his school system he was able to progress from the third grade directly to the sixth grade,in keeping with the challenges and pace that were appropriate to his talents.What kind of program did Burt's school have in place?

A)remediation
B)acceleration
C)enrichment
D)accommodation

Question 52

Longitudinal studies of intelligence reveal that __________.

A)Intelligence declines steadily from age 18 to 50.
B)Intellectual processing shows a gradual but always increasing downward trend until death.
C)Intellectual functioning improves between the ages of 25 and 45.
D)Adults' intelligence slows around their mid-30s for most people.

Question 53

If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range below 20 or 25,it would be classified as __________.

A)borderline intellectual disability
B)moderate intellectual disability
C)severe intellectual disability
D)profound intellectual disability

Question 54

Children who show evidence of high performance capability in areas such as intellectual,creative,artistic,leadership,or specific academic fields,are referred to as __________.

A)geniuses
B)special
C)gifted and talented
D)exceptional students

Question 55

Cross-sectional studies show that older people are less likely to score as well as younger people on traditional intelligence tests;this is most likely due to __________.

A)improper administration of test procedures
B)cohort effects
C)testing bias
D)improper test design

Question 56

When developmentalists considered fluid and crystallized intelligence to determine if intelligence continues to grow,slow,or decline with age,what did they discovered?

A)Fluid intelligence does decline;however,crystallized intelligence holds steady and can improve.
B)Crystallized intelligence does decline;however,fluid intelligence holds steady and can improve.
C)Both fluid and crystallized intelligence decline with age.
D)Both fluid and crystallized intelligence improve with age.

Question 57

Sandra is a 52-year-old administrative assistant working in the same law firm as 25-year-old Ella.Both are excellent at their jobs,even though Sandra is older and has some slowing in her reaction time.What allows Sandra to perform her job as well as Ella?

A)Sandra is given less difficult work to complete,whereas Ella receives more challenging assignments.
B)Ella lacks experience and understanding of the complex material.
C)Sandra has developed selective optimization,whereby she can look further into the material to compensate for her slower reactions.
D)Sandra has greater verbal skills development than Ella.

Question 58

If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range of around 35 or 40 to 50 or 55,it would be classified as __________.

A)severe intellectual disability
B)moderate intellectual disability
C)borderline intellectual development
D)mild intellectual disability

Question 59

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie's longitudinal study,cognitive declines were found in all abilities by age __________,but they are minimal until the __________.

A)25;50s
B)37;60s
C)52;70s
D)67;80s

Question 60

The strategy in which people concentrate on particular skill areas to compensate for losses in other areas is called __________.

A)expertise
B)sensory improvement
C)long-term potentiation
D)selective optimization

Question 61

The process by which older people focus on particular areas of strength to compensate for declines in other areas is called __________.

A)selective optimization
B)fluid adaptation
C)cross-modal transference
D)guided competence

Question 62

__________ is the ability to identify a stimulus previously experienced through one sense by using another sense.

A)Visual-recognition memory
B)Sensory information processing
C)Sensory versatility
D)Cross-modal transference

Question 63

An assessment of a student's likelihood of academic success in college,such as the ACT,is an example of a(n)__________ test,though there is also some question as to whether it also tests students' prior academic achievement.

A)achievement
B)aptitude
C)developmental
D)intelligence

Question 64

When applied to children with special needs,the term least restrictive environment refers to __________.

A)a classroom in which all children are free to participate without restraint
B)the educational setting most similar to that of children without special needs
C)a classroom in which teachers encourage free expression about exceptionality
D)a special needs classroom that is free of physical restraints or restrictions

Question 65

Describe any three of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences,and provide an example of each.

Question 66

Explain Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence,and discuss how it is similar and different from traditional notions of intelligence.

Question 67

Disparities in the IQ test performance of groups of examinees based on anything other than intelligence are chiefly examples of __________.

A)test score reliability
B)internal inconsistency
C)test score interpretation
D)cultural bias

Question 68

Compare fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.

Question 69

Which of the following is an important legacy left by Alfred Binet's work on intelligence testing?

A)a focus on linking intelligence with academic success
B)using theory to develop assessment measures
C)emphasizing cultural sensitivity in intelligence testing
D)establishing a firm theoretical basis of developmental stages

Question 70

Compared with group-administered tests,individually administered tests tend to be more __________.

A)prone to external distractions
B)efficient and quick to administer
C)engaging and motivational for examinees
D)restricted in the content they cover

Question 71

A mathematics test that uses questions with contexts from the realm of banking and the stock market is likely to favor members of which group?

A)students from urban communities
B)students from affluent families
C)students from rural communities
D)students from Asian cultures

Question 72

The __________ is a particularly flexible intelligence test that permits the administrator to paraphrase questions,translate them into the child's first language,and use gestures to help children understand the test.

A)Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
B)Raven Progressive Matrices Test
C)Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
D)Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

Question 73

As defined by the government,the term gifted includes people demonstrating high performance in which areas?

A)artistic,creative,and intellectual
B)physical,intellectual,and mathematical
C)artistic,social,and intellectual
D)physical,creative,and intellectual

Question 74

One characteristic of Alfred Binet's classic work on intelligence testing that has survived to the present day is __________.

A)a focus on the meaning of the concept that is being measured
B)a pragmatic rather than theoretical approach to measuring intelligence
C)the wide use of individual rather than group testing
D)a consistent concern for the prevention of cultural bias in testing

Question 75

Compare acceleration and enrichment as educational strategies for gifted and talented children,and provide an example of each approach.

Question 76

The __________,created by Arnold Gesell,provides a summary of an infant's overall competence in comparison to others of a similar age.

A)infant intelligence gradient
B)delayed development indicator
C)developmental quotient
D)infantile performance scale

Question 77

People with IQ scores between 55 and 70 are classified as having __________ intellectual disability.

A)mild
B)moderate
C)severe
D)profound

Question 78

In Jeremy's gifted and talented program,he remains at grade level but attends special programs and uses individualized activities to match his abilities.His program uses the __________ approach.

A)acceleration
B)age-graded
C)enrichment
D)holistic

Question 79

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence,the __________ component accounts for the demands of everyday,real-world environments.

A)componential
B)contextual
C)experiential
D)emotional

Question 80

According to professional classifications,an intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and __________.

A)emotional control
B)physical abilities
C)occupational readiness
D)adaptive behavior