Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has ____________ axes used to diagnose clinical disorders.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Your textbook describes the case of Tony Rosato, a former SCTV and Saturday Night Live star who had a disorder called Capgras syndrome. Capgras syndrome is most closely associated with:

A) drug or alcohol abuse
B) schizophrenia or brain damage
C) traumatic events experience during childhood
D) neglectful or abusive parenting

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In order to create accurate diagnoses, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual:

A) requires a five-component assessment of a patient's mental health status
B) groups disorders into neurotic and psychotic disorders
C) groups disorders by which theorist discovered them
D) groups disorders first by gender, then by age, then by culture, then by severity

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Angie often has relationships that are full of drama, and her emotions in these relationships range from extremely loving to angry and depressed. Other people view her as intense and unstable. She has been this way since adolescence and probably won't change much as she ages. Her disorder would be diagnosed as:

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV

Question 5

Arianna has stopped washing her hair, going to the grocery store, and talking to people. Some people think that she must be suffering from a mental disorder. Does her behaviour fit the criteria needed to be diagnosed with a disorder?

A) No; her behaviour may be odd but it is adaptive for her.
B) No, although her behaviour does deviate from the norms of her culture.
C) Yes; her behaviour is clearly causing her personal distress.
D) Yes; her behaviour is maladaptive.

Question 6

Zarina is talking to spirits which no one else can see. She sometimes "channels" the spirits so they can talk with living people. Zarina:

A) is suffering from dissociative identity disorder
B) is most likely has paranoid schizophrenia
C) is showing behaviour which is both personally distressing and maladaptive
D) may be doing something normal, depending on her cultural background and beliefs

Question 7

Which of the following is an accurate difference between the newest edition and the older editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual?

A) The newest version is more popular with psychotherapists whereas the older versions were more popular with social and personality psychologists.
B) The newest edition involves a "multiaxial" system wherein people receive a more complete, holistic diagnosis.
C) The older editions classified disorders into categories but the newest edition does not.
D) Most psychiatrists and psychologists used the older editions and the newer edition is less popular.

Question 8

Dawn is a nurse on the psychiatric ward of a hospital. When patients are first admitted to the hospital, she evaluates how well a patient is able to recall recent events, hold a logical and understandable conversation, and follow simple directions. Dawn, therefore, uses the ____________ to initially evaluate her patients' need for treatment.

A) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
B) Thematic Apperception Evaluation
C) Multidimensional Assessment Tool
D) mental status exam

Question 9

In determining whether a behaviour indicates psychopathology, which of the following is NOT an important criterion?

A) Does the person recognize that he/she has a disorder?
B) Does the behaviour deviate from cultural norms?
C) Does the behaviour cause the person distress?
D) Is the behaviour maladaptive?

Question 10

Tasha has always been extremely dependent on others, even as an adolescent and adult. When asked her opinion, she seems not to know what she thinks or feels, and relies on others to tell her. Her extreme, lifelong dependency on others makes people uncomfortable and causes them to avoid her. Tasha's disorder would be classified as:

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV

Question 11

Your textbook describes the case of Tony Rosato, a former SCTV and Saturday Night Live star who had a disorder called Capgras syndrome. People with Capgras syndrome may:

A) think that a loved one is actually a robot or an actor impersonating the real person
B) not be able to recognize the face of a loved one
C) mistake strangers for loved ones
D) think that loved ones look entirely different and often unrecognizable

Question 12

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the newest edition and the older editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual?

A) Older editions used a multiaxial system for classifying disorders, but the newest edition does not.
B) Observable symptoms have been used to classify mental disorders in both the newest and older editions.
C) Observable symptoms have not been used to classify mental disorders in either the newest or older editions.
D) The newest edition uses a multiaxial system for classifying disorders, but older editions did not.

Question 13

Amelie has not been out of the house in about 2 weeks. She has been hallucinating about people who have passed away and finds this very frightening. She is afraid that if she goes outside, people might be following her. She thinks that there are people watching her from her television set. Her neighbours are very worried about her. Which of the following does NOT characterize Amelie's experience?

A) Her behaviour may be appropriate depending on her culture.
B) Her behaviour is maladaptive.
C) Her behaviour deviates from social norms.
D) Her behaviour is personally distressing.

Question 14

The first categorization of psychological disorders developed out of:

A) Kraepelin's realization that not all people with abnormal behaviour have similar symptoms
B) the statistical finding that psychological disorders involve separate traits and behaviours
C) behaviourist treatments which only applied to a few, not all, categories of disorder
D) brain imaging studies which revealed that disorders had unique biological correlates

Question 15

Mary was recently admitted to the psychiatric ward of a hospital. She does not seem to talk, except for mumbling a few incoherent phrases every few hours. When asked why she thought she was brought to the hospital, Mary just shrugged her shoulders, not seeming to understand the question. What is the best way for hospital staff to assess Mary's psychological state, and why?

A) They should use a projective test, like the Rorshach, because the Rorshach doesn't require Mary to talk.
B) They should use an objective test, like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, because it can be completed by someone other than Mary.
C) They should perform a mental status exam, because it is based on behavioural observation.
D) They should use the Thematic Apperception Test, because it is designed to be used with severely disturbed patients.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Axis I diagnosis, used for clinical disorders?

A) personality disorders
B) dissociative disorders
C) schizophrenia
D) mood disorders

Question 17

Sammy was brought to the hospital because he had been exhibiting some strange behaviours and recently stated he had been hearing voices. When the doctor met him, Sammy was talking in nonsensical sentences and had a very hard time following the doctor's simple directions. In addition, the doctor noticed his hair was uncombed and he wore dirty, mismatching clothes. The doctor took notes about all of these details of Sammy's behaviour and appearance. The doctor was performing:

A) a subjective, personal assessment
B) a mental status exam
C) something doctors call the "quick-check" approach
D) structured behavioural assessment

Question 18

Dr. Hunskor is curious about what kinds of stress his patient, Ms. M., has been experiencing recently. Ms. M. came to see him because she had temporary amnesia, a state which is often brought on by extreme stress. Would Dr. Hunskor include information about life stress as part of a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) diagnosis?

A) No; environmental events or factors are not included.
B) No; previous editions of the DSM included this information, but the current edition does not.
C) Yes; this is the most important part of a DSM diagnosis.
D) Yes; this is one part of a standard five-component DSM diagnosis.

Question 19

As cited in the textbook, one reason to use categories in diagnosing psychopathology is that they:

A) aid in identification of possible treatments
B) allow psychologists to see if the person has a mild or an extreme form of the disorder
C) reflect the way the disorder actually works-either a person has the disorder or does not have it
D) create a highly unique case study of the person's illness

Question 20

A critical component for labelling a person's behaviour a consequence of a psychological disorder is that:

A) the behaviour must be present in other people who have already been diagnosed with the disorder
B) the behaviour is under the voluntary control of the person
C) it must pose a serious threat to those around the person
D) it must interfere with some aspect of the person's life

Question 21

A psychologist insists that in order to effectively diagnose a patient, she must only use tests and methods that previous research has shown to be valid and reliable. This psychologist is following the approach called:

A) evidence-based assessment
B) comorbidity
C) the socio-cultural model
D) the cognitive-behavioural approach

Question 22

What is the most frequently used assessment technique for mental disorders?

A) brain scan
B) clinical interview
C) projective test
D) mental status exam

Question 23

Dr. Leung gives all of her patients a short, valid, and reliable questionnaire wherein they answer a number of questions about sleeping and eating habits, daily activities, and emotional states. Based on this information, Dr. Leung assesses depressive symptoms in each patient. Dr. Leung is making use of:

A) psychological testing
B) neuropsychological testing
C) a projective model
D) a mental status exam

Question 24

Cases of dissociative identity disorder:

A) are much more common in males
B) are caused by faking on the part of the patient
C) have no known causes or antecedents
D) have increased dramatically in the 1990s

Question 25

What evidence suggests that people who appear to have dissociative identity disorder may be faking symptoms of the disorder?

A) People started developing the disorder after a highly visible court case in 2001.
B) Therapists often encourage patients to report symptoms of dissociative identity disorder in order to win court cases.
C) The number of personalities that people with dissociative identity disorder report having has steadily increased over time as the disorder has become more well-known.
D) Most people who report having the disorder had easy and unproblematic childhood experiences, which makes developing the disorder highly unlikely.

Question 26

A central criticism of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) as a psychological assessment tool is that it:

A) depends upon self-report
B) is more valid with females than with males
C) is less valid when used outside of North America
D) depends upon clinical judgment as to what constitutes "normal" responding

Question 27

Psychologists use the term prognosis to refer to:

A) how a particular disorder is defined
B) the likely cause of the disorder
C) the future course and probable outcome of the disorder
D) whether the diagnosis is correct or not

Question 28

Good clinical interviewers tend to:

A) be trained within a particular theoretical position
B) have a high IQ
C) be nonjudgmental and trusting
D) be those who get the most information from the client

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of structured versus unstructured interviewing?

A) Structured interviewing is less dependent upon the skill of the interviewer.
B) Structured interviewing gathers both general and specific information.
C) Results using structured interviewing can be directly compared across research studies.
D) Structured interviewing allows the clinician to come up with an individualized and unique treatment plan.

Question 30

Dr. Holder recognizes that disorders often do not exist in isolation; if a patient has one mental disorder, he often has other additional disorders. Dr. Holder has recognized the state called:

A) dissociative identity disorder
B) faking good
C) comorbidity
D) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Question 31

In which of the following scenarios would a person diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder be most likely to report having hundreds of different personalities?

A) the person was diagnosed by a therapist who suggested dissociative identity disorder symptoms to the patient
B) the person was diagnosed before the 1980s
C) the person has never seen a psychotherapist
D) the person has had a pleasant and unproblematic childhood

Question 32

Jaleesa thinks she may be depressed and decides to seek professional help. The first question the psychologist asks, based on a predetermined list of questions, is, "What kind of work do you do?" The psychologist is using a(n) ____________ approach to interviewing.

A) neuropsychological
B) validity testing
C) structured
D) unstructured

Question 33

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI):

A) has been discredited as a psychological assessment device
B) is the most widely used questionnaire for psychological assessment
C) can be faked so someone can present himself as mentally adjusted when he is not
D) works equally well with people from different ethnic backgrounds

Question 34

Dr. Brown, as a humanistic psychologist, is not as concerned with diagnosing her clients' disorders as she is with understanding her clients' subjective experiences. In getting information about her clients, Dr. Brown probably uses:

A) an unstructured interview
B) a structured interview
C) a mental status interview
D) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Interview

Question 35

One explanation offered in the textbook for the rapid recent increase in the diagnosis of dissociative disorders is that:

A) childhood physical abuse, the primary antecedent of the disorder, has increased
B) more therapists believe the disorder is real and elicit reports from their patients that confirm it
C) more criminals are receiving psychiatric screening and dissociative disorders are particularly prevalent in this group
D) the disorder is caused by an environmental toxin that is now more widespread

Question 36

If a clinician is interested in finding out as much as possible about a client's subjective experience of his/her mental health issues, and if the clinician is NOT necessarily concerned with diagnosis, the clinician should use:

A) neuropsychological testing
B) psychological testing
C) an unstructured interview
D) a structured interview

Question 37

There is evidence that a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder may be invalid, at least in some cases. As discussed in your textbook, which of the following statements is NOT a piece of evidence supporting this claim?

A) The frequency of this diagnosis has increased dramatically since it first came to psychologists' attention.
B) The diagnosis frequently occurs after someone has committed a crime.
C) While older cases involved only one or two "extra" personalities, the current cases frequently involve many.
D) Many therapists have claimed responsibility for causing dissociative identity disorder.

Question 38

A common problem with all tests that rely on self-report, including the MMPI, is that:

A) people are largely unaware of their own personality and psychological states
B) people often make mistakes in completing the tests
C) only self-reports from people without psychological disorders are valid
D) people may distort the truth to give a favourable impression

Question 39

What is the difference between psychological testing and neuropsychological testing?

A) Psychological testing involves answering questions about mental health functioning whereas neuropsychological testing involves answering questions about physical functioning.
B) Psychological testing involves answering interview questions about mental health functioning whereas neuropsychological testing involves getting a medical exam.
C) Psychological testing involves performing behaviours whereas neuropsychological testing involves getting a medical exam.
D) Psychological testing involves answering questions about mental health functioning whereas neuropsychological testing involves performing certain behaviours.

Question 40

The possible inaccuracy of self-reports is a disadvantage in using ____________ and can be remedied by using ____________.

A) projective tests; lie detectors
B) projective tests; better interviewers
C) psychological tests; validity scales
D) psychological tests; better interviewers

Question 41

The diathesis-stress model of mental illness focuses on:

A) cultural factors in mental illness
B) the interaction between parenting style and life stress
C) stress as the primary cause of illness
D) the interaction between genetic predispositions and the environment

Question 42

Based on what you know about internalizing and externalizing disorders, you would expect suicide attempts to be higher in ____________ and drug problems to be higher in ____________.

A) Westerners; Easterners
B) younger generations; older generations
C) people from a higher social class; people from a lower social class
D) females; males

Question 43

According to the diathesis-stress model, which of the following people is most likely to become depressed?

A) Jane, who experienced both abuse and neglect as a child
B) Jaleesa, who had a pleasant childhood but who currently experiences high amounts of stress at home and at work
C) Janice, who experienced abuse as a child and recently was laid off from her job
D) Jennifer, who has a stable personality but who was recently laid off from her job

Question 44

Dr. Jahoda sees his patients' problems as a result of maladaptive beliefs based on prior learning experiences. Dr. Jahoda is most clearly a:

A) behaviourist
B) humanist
C) neo-Freudian
D) cognitive-behaviouralist

Question 45

Dissociative identity disorder is an example of:

A) a serious psychological condition which claims many more victims than most people realize
B) an invalid psychological diagnosis
C) a genetically invariant disorder
D) a diagnosis which has been affected by societal forces

Question 46

The diathesis-stress model of mental illness takes the view that:

A) certain biological or environmental factors make us vulnerable to mental illness but do not directly cause it
B) if stress is sufficiently intense anyone can become mentally ill
C) mental illness is common in families experiencing a high level of stress
D) an individual's ability to cope with stress is the best predictor of mental illness

Question 47

Dr. Jahangir is seeing a depressed patient who is currently undergoing a relationship breakup. Dr. Jahangir also knows that this patient suffered from both abuse and neglect as a child. Dr. Jahangir believes that the patient's difficult childhood has predisposed her to overreact to life circumstances, resulting in the patient's severely depressed state. Dr. Jahangir's perspective on the patient's problems is based on which of the following models?

A) the Kraepelin model
B) the Axis Four model
C) the embedded trait model
D) the diathesis-stress model

Question 48

Psychologists have noted that some forms of mental illness are more common among lower socio-economic groups. Which model of mental illness is best able to account for this observation?

A) the family systems model
B) the socio-cultural model
C) the cognitive-behavioural model
D) the hierarchy model

Question 49

According to the prevailing view in the twenty-first century, psychopathology is often the result of:

A) both a diathesis and stress
B) unconscious urges
C) primarily environmental factors
D) primarily biological dysfunction

Question 50

Schizophrenia is found more often among poorer people. This is evidence that ____________ factors are important in mental illness.

A) cognitive
B) evolutionary
C) socio-cultural
D) biological

Question 51

Biological factors play a role in mental illness. Which of the following is NOT a piece of evidence provided in your textbook to support this idea?

A) Medications developed for conditions other than mental illness have provided clues linking neurotransmitters to certain mental illnesses.
B) Fraternal twins are eight times more likely to have the same mental illness as are unrelated strangers.
C) Exposure to environmental toxins in childhood and adolescence may lead to mental illness.
D) PET scans demonstrate that some brain regions function differently in people with mental illness.

Question 52

Alan entered therapy because he was becoming very depressed. Alan's psychotherapist suggested Alan write down his thoughts each day and analyze these thoughts for irrational assumptions and unrealistic expectations that might contribute to his depressed mood. This psychotherapist is using a ____________ perspective to help Alan.

A) psychodynamic
B) humanistic
C) cognitive-behavioural
D) socio-cultural

Question 53

Karen claims that multiple "people" with different personalities live inside her body; they take over her experience and express themselves at unexpected times. Each of these personalities has a different voice, a different age, and a different set of interests. Which of the following groups of people would be most likely to believe that Karen is suffering from a valid psychological condition?

A) lawyers
B) judges
C) psychotherapists
D) personality researchers

Question 54

A central assumption of the cognitive-behavioural model of mental illness is that:

A) mental dysfunction is an outgrowth of cultural mediation between thoughts and behaviours
B) the family context is the most important factor
C) abnormal behaviour is a set of learned responses
D) internal conflicts between unconscious and conscious conflicts are the primary causes of mental illness

Question 55

The diathesis-stress model of mental illness argues that:

A) stress is the primary cause of mental illness
B) genetic factors that make us unable to cope with stress are the primary cause of psychological disorders
C) we can have predispositions to psychological disorders without ever developing them
D) trauma is the primary cause of mental dysfunction

Question 56

The current view is that mental illness is caused by:

A) unconscious conflicts
B) parent and peer modeling
C) biological and environmental factors
D) emotions

Question 57

Psychologists who argue for the importance of biological factors in mental illness use all of the following kinds of evidence to support this approach EXCEPT:

A) studies of the rates of mental illness in fraternal and identical twins
B) studies of environmental factors such as diet and toxins on mental health
C) structural imaging of the brain
D) experiments involving alteration of genes in humans

Question 58

Robin has had disruptive behaviour problems since childhood, has shown signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and could be characterized as having "externalizing" tendencies. According to your textbook authors, Robin is probably:

A) North American
B) not North American
C) male
D) female

Question 59

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding biological factors in the development of mental illness?

A) Maternal malnutrition, ingestion of toxins, or other prenatal factors influence whether offspring have a mental illness.
B) Fraternal twins are twice as likely as identical twins to have the same mental illness.
C) Brain scans using computerized tomography (CT) show functional deficits in almost all brain regions in people with mental illness.
D) About 75 percent of people who have a family member with a mental illness will develop the same mental illness at some point in their lives.

Question 60

Research suggests that damage to the ____________ is involved in the development of many mental illnesses.

A) peripheral nervous system
B) central nervous system
C) autonomic nervous system
D) sympathetic nervous system

Question 61

Compared to a disorder strongly influenced by learning and the environment, a disorder that has a strong biological component is:

A) more likely to be similar across cultures
B) less likely to be similar across cultures
C) equally affected by genetics and culture
D) exactly the same across cultures

Question 62

Which of the following disorders is probably LEAST disruptive to daily life, and why?

A) panic disorder; because one's daily life is only minimally affected
B) generalized anxiety disorder; because the fearful feelings one has are usually mild and of a short duration
C) specific phobia; because the phobia is usually only cued on occasions when the feared object is encountered
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder; because this disorder involves thoughts which are often easy to ignore

Question 63

Which of the following two anxiety disorders are most similar?

A) phobias and generalized anxiety disorder
B) generalized anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder
C) post-traumatic stress disorder and social anxiety disorder
D) phobias and social anxiety disorder

Question 64

Sam is an adult who is extremely fearful in social situations. If it was possible to do a brain scan while Sam was being introduced to strangers, Sam's brain would show heightened activation in:

A) the hippocampus
B) the modus tremendum
C) the cerebellum
D) the amygdala

Question 65

In the current understanding of psychological disorders, ____________ is thought to be a normal response to stress, but is problematic when it is ____________.

A) a depressed mood; severe
B) a social phobia; experienced outside of North American culture
C) anxiety; experienced without a clear cause
D) depression; experienced at least once a week

Question 66

You encounter a student sitting on a bench who is sweating profusely, short of breath, has numbness in her feet and hands, and says she feels like she is dying. She is likely suffering from:

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) a panic attack
C) a panic disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 67

Which of the following is the best example of an anxiety response rather than a fear response, as defined in the textbook?

A) A person jumps out of the way of an oncoming car.
B) A person worries that she will never graduate from university and will be poor and homeless.
C) A person thinks about strategies to avoid walking alone in a dangerous neighbourhood.
D) A person starts crying after receiving news that she has cancer.

Question 68

Arianna is a nervous and shy adult, often afraid of making mistakes in public, and worried about being judged by others. Arianna probably:

A) was inhibited as a child
B) had overly strict parents
C) has perfectionistic personality disorder
D) will develop paranoid personality disorder at some point in her life

Question 69

If you experience intense, uncontrollable fear when you encounter or think about a specific object, you would probably be diagnosed with:

A) a panic disorder
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) phobic disorder

Question 70

Jonah and Elias are participants in a research study. One task involves reading an ambiguous story, which participants can interpret in a variety of ways. Jonah interprets the story as threatening. Elias, however, interprets the story as comical. What conclusions can you draw about the personalities of Jonah and Elias?

A) Jonah probably tends to experience excessive anxiety while Elias does not.
B) Elias probably tends to disregard others' feelings while Jonah is highly sensitive to others' feelings.
C) Jonah and Elias probably have opposing personality disorders-one is internalizing and the other is externalizing.
D) Jonah probably tends to experience mood dysfunction but Elias does not.

Question 71

The central characteristic of anxiety disorders is:

A) the feeling of excessive anxiety in the absence of any real threat
B) fluctuating moods that are not related to events in the environment
C) the feeling of being anxious without the physical symptoms of anxiety
D) that the parasympathetic nervous system is in a state of chronic arousal

Question 72

In comparison to specific phobias, social phobia:

A) is much less prevalent
B) is related to disorders like depression
C) is easier to treat
D) has a compulsive element

Question 73

What brain region is damaged when a person is under chronic stress?

A) the cerebellum
B) the hippocampus
C) the amygdala
D) the prefrontal cortex

Question 74

Because rates of __________ are generally equally high around the world, one should suspect that the disorder has a strong __________ component.

A) depression; family systems
B) depression; biological
C) anorexia; biological
D) anorexia; family systems

Question 75

Which of the following two anxiety disorders resemble each other the LEAST?

A) social anxiety disorder and specific phobia
B) generalized anxiety disorder and specific phobia
C) panic disorder and agoraphobia
D) post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding the biological correlates of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)?

A) People with a disease affecting the caudate nucleus sometimes have symptoms of OCD.
B) Electrical stimulation of brain areas involved in OCD can relieve OCD symptoms.
C) Infections affecting the cerebellum are widespread in people who have OCD.
D) A severe streptococcal infection can cause symptoms of OCD.

Question 77

As discussed in the textbook, the fact that monkeys tend to experience fear if fear is displayed by other monkeys suggests that:

A) a biological predisposition to be generally anxious may exist
B) situational factors play a role in anxiety development
C) higher-order cognition plays a role in anxiety development
D) temperament is especially important in anxiety development

Question 78

Obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder are both characterized by:

A) compulsive behaviours
B) chronic arousal of the parasympathetic nervous system
C) damage to the prefrontal cortex
D) fear in the absence of real danger

Question 79

Joey has had problems with alcohol throughout his life. He has a hard time saying "no" to risky situations and likes doing things that other people think are dangerous. He is easily bored and has been known to get into fights with other people just for fun. It is likely that Joey has:

A) an Axis III syndrome
B) externalizing tendencies
C) attention deficit disorder
D) an Axis V syndrome

Question 80

When you leave your room to go to the library with your roommate, he goes back several times to make sure the door is locked. You have also noted that he cleans the room frequently even when it isn't dirty. These are symptoms of:

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) agoraphobia
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) panic disorder